论坛 › 重读素书 › 睿涵的《素书》读书笔记

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-8 15:41:47

睿涵的《素书》读书笔记

素书全文


               作者黄石公秦汉隐士


第一章原始
夫道、德、仁、义、礼五者，一体也。
道者，人之所蹈，使万物不知其所由。
德者，人之所得，使万物各得其所欲。
仁者，人之所亲，有慈慧恻隐之心，以遂其生成。
义者，人之所宜，赏善罚恶，以立功立事。
礼者，人之所履，夙兴夜寐，以成人伦之序。
夫欲为人之本，不可无一焉。
贤人君子，明于盛衰之道，通乎成败之数，审乎治乱之势，达乎去就之理。故潜居抱道以待其时。
若时至而行，则能极人臣之位；得机而动，则能成绝代之功。
如其不遇，没身而已。
是以其道足高，而名重于后代。


第二章 正道

德足以怀远，信足以一异，义足以得众，才足以鉴古，明足以照下，此人之俊也。
行足以为仪表，智足以决嫌疑，信可以使守约，廉可以使分财，此人之豪也。
守职而不废，处义而不回，见嫌而不茍免，见利而不茍得，此人之杰也。

第三章求人之志

绝嗜禁欲，所以除累。抑非损恶，所以让过。贬酒阙色，所以无污。
避嫌远疑，所以不误。博学切问，所以广知。高行微言，所以修身。
恭俭谦约，所以自守。深计远虑，所以不穷。亲仁友直，所以扶颠。
近恕笃行，所以接人。任材使能，所以济物。殚恶斥谗，所以止乱。（殚恶 亦有作：瘅恶）
推古验今，所以不惑。先揆后度，所以应卒。设变致权，所以解结。
括囊顺会，所以无咎。橛橛梗梗，所以立功。孜孜淑淑，所以保终。

第四章 本德宗道
夫志，心独行之术。
长没长于博谋，安没安于忍辱，先没先于修德，乐没乐于好善，
神没神于至诚，明没明于体物，吉没吉于知足，苦没苦于多愿，
悲没悲于精散，病没病于无常，短没短于苟得，幽没幽于贪鄙，
孤没孤于自恃，危没危于任疑，败没败于多私。

第五章遵义
以明示下者暗，有过不知者蔽，迷而不返者惑，
以言取怨者祸，令与心乖者废，后令缪前者毁，
怒而无威者犯，好直辱人者殃，戮辱所任者危，
慢其所敬者凶，貌合心离者孤，亲谗远忠者亡，
近色远贤者昏，女谒公行者乱，私人以官者浮，
凌下取胜者侵，名不胜实者耗。
略己而责人者不治，自厚而薄人者弃。
以过弃功者损，群下外异者沦，既用不任者疏，
行赏吝色者沮，多许少与者怨，既迎而拒者乖。
薄施厚望者不报，贵而忘贱者不久。
念旧怨而弃新功者凶，用人不正者殆，强用人者不畜，为人择官者乱，失其所强者弱，决策于不仁者险，阴计外泄者败，厚敛薄施者凋。

战士贫，游士富者衰；货赂公行者昧；
闻善忽略，记过不忘者暴；所任不可信，所信不可任者浊。
牧人以德者集，绳人以刑者散。
小功不赏，则大功不立；小怨不赦，则大怨必生。
赏不服人，罚不甘心者叛。赏及无功，罚及无罪者酷。
听谗而美，闻谏而仇者亡。能有其有者安，贪人之有者残。

第六章 安礼
怨在不舍小过，患在不预定谋。福在积善，祸在积恶。
饥在贱农，寒在堕织。安在得人，危在失事。
富在迎来，贫在弃时。上无常操，下多疑心。
轻上生罪，侮下无亲。近臣不重，远臣轻之。
自疑不信人，自信不疑人。枉士无正友，曲上无直下。危国无贤人，乱政无善人。爱人深者求贤急，乐得贤者养人厚。国将霸者士皆归，邦将亡者贤先避。

地薄者大物不产，水浅者大鱼不游，树秃者大禽不栖，林疏者大兽不居。
山峭者崩，泽满者溢。弃玉取石者盲，羊质虎皮者柔。
衣不举领者倒，走不视地者颠。柱弱者屋坏，辅弱者国倾。
足寒伤心，人怨伤国。山将崩者下先隳，国将衰者人先弊。
根枯枝朽，人困国残。与覆车同轨者倾，与亡国同事者灭。
见已生者慎将生，恶其迹者须避之。畏危者安，畏亡者存。

夫人之所行，有道则吉，无道则凶。吉者，百福所归；凶者，百祸所攻。
非其神圣，自然所钟。务善策者无恶事，无远虑者有近忧。
同志相得，同仁相忧，同恶相党，同爱相求，同美相妒，同智相谋，
同贵相害，同利相忌，同声相应，同气相感，同类相依，同义相亲，
同难相济，同道相成，同艺相规，同巧相胜：此乃数之所得，不可与理违。
释己而教人者逆，正己而化人者顺。
逆者难从，顺者易行，难从则乱，易行则理。
如此理身、理国、理家，可也！

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-8 15:42:57

每日任务如下：
1、查字正音（对于当前翻译句子来说，你需要查的字和音；非必要检查项）
2、翻译（必须当天体现在论坛作业本里，同时还要发在群里）
3、心得体会（必须当天体现在论坛作业本里，同时还要发在群里）
4、吟诵（吟诵内容包含但不限于当天学习的内容；每天都要发群里）
考核办法：
（1）上述任务中任何一项没完成的，视为本日未完成作业。扣保证金10元，每周累积三次，本周保证金40元扣除；两周保证金全扣的，取消继续参加本轮学习的资格并扣除全部保证金和所交费用不退还，视情况可以重交保证金继续参加。
（2）针对规则不覆盖的事项，老师可以做出一次性适用的处理决定。比如结束时不参加评选等等。
另：如有余力，在完成当天作业之后，可以@一下当周的值周班长，因为第天都要检查作业确实是一个大的工作量。这个不做为考核。大家如有不同问题咱们可以在任务开始之前提出来哈。如无异议，开工之后这个就是考核标准了。

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-10 10:09:11

本帖最后由 睿涵 于 2021-1-10 23:02 编辑

第一阶段，每一天的任务是对指定内容作如下功课：
生僻字正音，查询重要字，吟诵，翻译，简明心得
第一章原始
夫道、德、仁、义、礼五者，一体也。
道者，人之所蹈，使万物不知其所由。
德者，人之所得，使万物各得其所欲。
仁者，人之所亲，有慈慧恻隐之心，以遂其生成。
义者，人之所宜，赏善罚恶，以立功立事。
礼者，人之所履，夙兴夜寐，以成人伦之序。
一.生僻字正音二.查询重要字1.mèi

“寐”的字源解说

未，既是声旁也是形旁，表示没有完成。寐，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058634287.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058262231.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058485423.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058354888.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058358774.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058354888.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058967383.png（木，代木床），表示古人劳作一天后躺在床上睡觉。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058322613.png将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058358774.png写成“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058111842.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058500117.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058262231.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058714300.png（“寝”的省略，躺卧、睡觉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058354888.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058133157.png（未，没完成），表示睡而未眠。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058888298.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058262231.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058891912.png（梦，深度睡眠）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058354888.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058427123.png（睡而未眠），强调“寐”与“梦”的睡眠关系。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058691472.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，躺在床上，睡而未眠。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058836654.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058932949.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058616739.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：寐，臥也。从㝱省，未聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：寐，睡着。字形采用省略了“夢”的“㝱”作边旁，采用“未”作声旁。2.夫fū夫，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744820980.png是指事字，字形在“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744443474.png（成人）的头部加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744360984.png，代表发簪。造字本义：名词，系束头发、并用发簪固定头发的成年男子。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744277307.png承续甲骨文字形。古人认为须发是父母所赐，不可剪除，因此年纪越大头发越长；也因此发簪成为成年男子所必需。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744234128.png基本承续金文字形。古人以束发、加冠为男子的成年仪式：男子15至16岁束发，标志着告别童少时期，成为合法公民，国家可以征用；男子20岁加冠，表示成年，可以婚配。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744571082.png承续篆文字形。附一 文言版《説文解字》：夫，丈夫也。从大，一以象簪也。周制以八寸爲尺，十尺爲丈。人長八尺，故曰丈夫。凡夫之屬皆从夫。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：夫，成年男子。字形采用“大”作边旁，用一划表示成年男子头发上的簪子。周代的长度制度，将八寸算作一尺，将十尺算作一丈。成年男子身高达到八尺丈把，所以称成年男子为“丈夫”。所有与夫相关的字，都采用“夫”作边旁。3.道dào我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 2.33分


“道”是“導”（导）的本字。道，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836894167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836554347.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836133938.png（行，四通的大路）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836372092.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png（人，行者），表示一个人行走在路上。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836258017.png用“首”和“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png代替甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png，“首”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836280016.png表示动脑筋；“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png表示行走，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png表示且思且行。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836102632.png用“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png（抓）代替“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png（行走），表示牵拉引路。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836888275.png用由“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836705741.png（抓）、“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836350364.png（抓）、“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png（说明）构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836700412.png代替https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836661219.png，强调“牵引、说明、向导”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836506414.png综合金文字形，省去“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png和“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png。造字本义：动词，向导、带路，给不知方向的人引路。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836389770.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836456657.png写成“走之底””https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836339143.png；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836387940.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836820568.png。当“道”的“向导”本义消失后，篆文再加“寸”另造“導”代替。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：道，所行道也。从辵，从首。一達謂之道。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：道，人们所走的路。字形采用“辵、首”会义。直达的大路叫作“道”4德dé彳，既是声旁也是形旁，是“得”的省略，表示获取、获得。德，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041257745545.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837225440.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png（彳，即“得”的省略，获取、获得）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837866515.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif（直，正而不邪，正派），表示得之正直，获之坦荡。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041240894493.gif用“行”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710110159217942.gif代替“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041336410940.gif将甲骨文字形中的“直”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041354584923.gif。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041406537278.gif加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif，强调“获之坦荡、问心无愧”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041422113657.gif将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710111040240035.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112334167420.gif，将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112410276781.gif。造字本义：动词，正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105542901804.gif将篆文字形中的“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105641705926.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105554263876.gif，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041605448899.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105604977998.gif。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。古籍中“德”与“得”有时因同音而相互假借。附一 文言版《説文解字》：德，升也。从彳，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：德，境界因善行而升华。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。
5仁rén人，既是声旁也是形旁，表示普天之下不同身份地位的生活者。仁，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946953790.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946144985.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946476186.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946189353.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946221094.png（二，等同、相等，参见“均”、“齐”），表示人人相等，亦即等而视之，视人若已，将心比心，同情包容。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946577476.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946476186.png写成“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946816708.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946575199.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946816708.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946824769.png。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946783897.png将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946824769.png写成“千”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946272308.png（众多，代表众生）、“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946409674.png（慈爱）会义，表示心怀众生，宽容博爱。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946122328.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，尊重人道，相信人性相通，视人若已，同情包容，尤指强势者对弱势者的厚道。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946247491.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946923153.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946979371.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：仁，親也。从人，从二。忎，古文仁从千心。data:image/png;base64,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，古文仁或从尸。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：仁，亲爱。字形采用“人、二”会义。忎，这是古文写法的“仁”，字形采用“千、心”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，这是“仁”的古文异体字，字形采用“尸”作边旁。yì


6.义“義”是“儀”的本字。義，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552456077.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552578751.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552335856.png（羊，即“祥”，祭祀占卜显示的吉兆）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552470072.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552748375.png（我，有利齿的戌，威猛战具），表示吉兆之战。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552469922.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552519481.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552457797.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552578751.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552867275.png（羊，即“祥”，祥和）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552470072.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552929445.png（弗，休战），表示休战和平，表达“道义”的另一层含义。造字本义：名词，出征前的隆重仪式，祭祀占卜，预测战争凶吉；如果神灵显示吉兆，则表明战争是仁道、公正的，神灵护佑的仁道之战。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552566992.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552867275.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552141422.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552511241.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552137445.png。《汉字简化方案》另造指事字“义”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552431129.png，在“乂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552104496.png（割、杀）上加一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552582606.png，表示杀得有理、杀得正当。当“義”的“仪式”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552934681.png再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552863576.png另造“儀”代替，表示程式庄严的典礼。“意”，指个人的心思、想法，强调的是个体性和主观性；“義”，原指扬善惩恶的天意，后引申为公认的道德、真理、公认的文字内涵，强调的是普遍性和客观性；“意义”，指个人愿望与世间公理。附一 文言版《説文解字》：義，己之威儀也。从我、羊。羛，《墨翟書》義从弗。魏郡有羛陽鄉，讀若錡。今屬鄴，本内黃北二十里。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：义，我军威武的出征仪式。字形采用“我、羊”会义。羛，《墨翟书》上“義”字采用“弗”作边旁。魏郡有个地方叫“羛阳乡”，其“羛”字读作“锜”。该地现属鄴县，本来在内黃县北边二十里的地方。

lǐ
7礼“礼”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 4分


“豊”是“禮”的本字。豊，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800232793.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800948348.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800386513.png（像许多打着绳结的玉串）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800450501.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800458004.png（壴，有脚架的建鼓），表示击鼓献玉，敬奉神灵。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800531122.png承续甲骨文字形。当“豊”作为单纯字件后，有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800832666.png再加“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800625730.png（祭祀）另造“禮”，强调“禮”的“祭拜”含义；同时误将“玉串”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800550511.png和“建鼓”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800782052.png构成的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800531122.png，拆写成“曲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800285441.png和“豆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800716890.png，玉和鼓的形象消失。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800467258.png加“酉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800779451.png（酒）另造“醴”代替，表示以美玉、美酒敬神。籀文“礼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800947052.png综合将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800832666.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800467258.png，采取金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800832666.png中的“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800625730.png、金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800467258.png中的“酉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800779451.png（酒），并以“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800484356.png代替“酉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800779451.png（酒），大大简化字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800853344.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，击鼓奏乐，并用美玉美酒敬拜祖先和神灵。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800257528.png承续籀文字形，将籀文字形中的“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217090506968598.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217090539243877.gif，同时误将籀文字形中“水”（酒）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800484356.png写成“乙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800119239.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：禮，履也。所以事神致福也。从示，从豊，豊亦聲。，古文禮。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：礼，履行敬拜活动。用来敬神致福的仪式。字形采用“示、豊”会义，“豊”也是声旁。，这是古文写法的“礼”。
8体tǐ
“体”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 0分


豊，既是声旁也是形旁，表示装在器皿中祭祀的珍品。體，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052216688149.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104409252236.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052223350407.gif（身，身子）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104409137621.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052231222320.gif（“豊”的简写，盛器中的珍品），比喻分布在身子里的诸多重要器官。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052245523569.gif用“骨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052254717624.gif代替金文字形中的“身”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052223350407.gif，强调“骨骼”对“身子”的支撑作用，以及“骨腔”对“脏器”的保护作用。造字本义：名词，骨腔和诸多内脏组成的躯干。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052307312987.gif将篆文字形中的“骨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052254717624.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052322944547.gif，将篆文字形中的“豊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052333732852.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052341739287.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052449864566.gif，以“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052554297736.gif、“ 本”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052603237414.gif会义的结构，另造简单字形“体”，表示“體”为人之本、躯之干。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：體，緫十二屬也。从骨，豊聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：体，总括人身十二（所有）部分。字形采用“骨”作边旁，采用“豊”作声旁。
9者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。
10人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

11.之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

12.所suǒ斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斫”的省略，表示刀斧砍、削。所，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061551504926.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108495674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif（户，门窗，借代房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108578877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif（斤，即“斫”的省略，用刀斧砍、削），表示伐木筑屋。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061650124601.gif将金文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif。造字本义：动词，木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061741580887.gif将篆文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061749571171.gif，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061756848163.gif。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：所，伐木聲也。从斤，戶聲。《诗》曰：“伐木所所。”
附二 白话版《说文解字》：所，砍伐树木的声音。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“户”作声旁。《诗经》有诗句唱道：“挥斧伐木，所所传响。”


13.蹈dǎo舀，既是声旁也是形旁，表示掏出舂好的米。蹈，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829154163.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829717643.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829607922.png（足，脚跟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829124770.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829795968.png（舀，手持勺子从杵臼中掏出谷物），比喻脚跟跺土。造字本义：动词，舞者翘着双足跺地、踢土的动作。舞蹈是肢体运动的造型艺术，挥手作姿叫“舞”，辟腿跺踢叫“蹈”。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829846235.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829607922.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829184871.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829795968.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105829137671.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：蹈，踐也。从足，舀聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：蹈，践踏。字形采用“足”作边旁，采用“舀”作声旁。

14得dé得，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836957414.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836359904.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836699801.png（手，拾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836929251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836378452.png（贝，最原始货币），表示拾贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836461451.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836135386.png（行进），表示古代中原人长途跋涉到湖海之滨寻觅和拾捡贝壳。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836112131.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836775386.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836675991.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png，同时误将籀文字形中的的“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836244183.png写成“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836499763.png。造字本义：动词，捡到贝壳，喜获财富。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836567423.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836158708.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836786586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836802651.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：得，行有所得也。从彳，㝵聲。䙷，古文省彳。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：得，远行探索而有所获。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“㝵”作声旁。䙷，这是古文写法的“得”字，省略了“彳”。

15亲qīn辛，既是声旁也是形旁，表示刑罚。親，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205608336.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205543893.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205633288.png（辛，受刑、受监）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205764508.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205903158.png（見，探望），表示探监。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205419696.png将金文字形中的“辛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205633288.png写成“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205281942.png，将金文字形中的“見”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205903158.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205588040.png。在专制文化深入人心的古代，无论罪名虚实，一个人一旦被官府定罪入狱，就将终身背负耻辱，因此在古人看来，只有被血缘联系着的至近至密者，才可能探监慰问，不离不弃。造字本义：动词，探视狱中受监的家人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205616855.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205281942.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205371455.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205588040.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205337291.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205797116.png，省去正体楷书字形中的“見”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205337291.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：親，至也。从見，亲聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：亲，关系至近至密者。字形采用“见”作边旁，采用“亲”作声旁。

16宜yí“宜”与“俎”同源，后分化。且，既是声旁也是形旁，是“俎”和“宜”的本字，表示祭祖杀牲，平分肉食。宜，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505142822.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505690501.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505651037.png（且，祭祖杀牲，平分肉食）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505333892.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505672164.png（两个“夕”，两肉块），表示祭祖仪式上平分肉食。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505282621.png基本承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505869572.png将“且”的中间一横写成“等号”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505361975.png，强调“平分”。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505239092.png误将“且”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505461958.png写成“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505359102.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505898562.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505402675.png基本承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505239092.png。造字本义：动词，祭祖杀牲，平分肉食。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505893486.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505778890.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505649779.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505523095.png写成“且”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104505966969.png。从甲骨文字形看，古人称平分肉食为“宜”；称独享双份或数份肉食为“多”；称堆积大量肉食为“叠”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：宐，所安也。从宀之下，一之上，多省聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文宜。data:image/png;base64,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，亦古文宜。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：宜，安居的所在。字形采用“宀、一”会义，表示在宀（房屋）之下、在一（地板）之上，由省略了一半的“多”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“宜”字。data:image/png;base64,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，这也是古文写法的“宜”字。

17履lǚ履，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854379204.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854714659.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854336637.png（眉，眼眶上可以缩展的毛发）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854454769.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854736217.png（止，即“趾”的本字，脚掌），表示因脚掌受到保护而眉开眼笑。在物资匮乏的远古时代，平民大多穿木屐、草鞋或赤足而行，穿皮鞋是少数上流社会阶层的特权享受，舒适安全而经久。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854494244.png误将甲骨文字形中的“眉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854336637.png写成“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854761480.png，并用“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854705577.png（船形）代替甲骨文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854736217.png，表示用船形的鞋子保护脚板。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854770616.png用“足”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854741427.png代替甲骨文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854736217.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854335477.png将甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854379204.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854180204.png，同时加“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854731644.png（行进），表示穿鞋护脚的目的在于行走。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854551558.png综合金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854494244.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854770616.png。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854568019.png省略金文字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854761480.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854553227.png加“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854830473.png（静坐的人），表示坐着穿鞋。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854389725.png将“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854917461.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854185802.png。造字本义：名词，远古时代皮革制作的船形鞋子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854883059.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854422323.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854610581.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854772613.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854383925.png，并误将篆文字形中的由“舟”和“夂”构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854508164.png写成“复”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854486348.png。　
18不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

19知zhī“知”是“智”的本字。矢，既是声旁也是形旁，表示箭，借代行猎、作战。知，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702947251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702714676.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702978329.png（干，武器，借代行猎、作战）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702897854.png（口，谈论）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900734.png（矢，武器，借代行猎、作战），表示谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。在远古时代，弯弓使箭是成年人的基本常识和重要经验。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702577998.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702205237.png省去“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702453295.png，简化字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702949824.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702192883.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702484675.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702275600.png。当“知”的形容词含义“聪明、有战略”消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900151.png再加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702919768.png（说，传授）另造“智”代替，强调谈论和传授经验。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：知，詞也。从口，从矢。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：知，表达了解、明白时的措词。字形采用“口、矢”会义。

20其qí“其”是“箕”的本字。其，简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/28/20200328115951491361.gif是象形字，字形像有两个提手的盛具https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120102431404.gif，盛具由竹篾交错编织https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120219501696.gif而成，是“箕”的本字。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120541846233.gif、简体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120645913600.gif承续简体甲骨文字形。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gif加“廾”写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016451334.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif（竹制盛具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016818280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif（廾，双手持举），表示手持簸箕，在风中扬去谷物的皮壳，三点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120527517250.gif表示簸箕https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif上方飘飞的皮壳糠屑。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120711421933.gif误将繁体甲骨文字形中的“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif连写成“丌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif。有的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120736489164.gif误将本该写成“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif写成一横两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120751977244.gif。繁体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120837410166.gif承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：名词，竹篾编织成的开口簸箕，是农家的轻便盛具，可用于舂谷时颠簸扬糠。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120929550519.gif将篆文字形中的竹框“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120916623977.gif、与“廾”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120922228454.gif上部的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120808859206.gif所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121230279523.gif，连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121238285948.gif，导致字形费解。当“其”的本义消失后，甲骨文再加“筐”另造“箕”代替。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：箕，簸也。从竹、data:image/png;base64,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，象形，下其丌也。data:image/png;base64,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，古文箕省。其，籀文箕。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：其，箕簸。字形采用“竹、data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEC2dJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDoyMDlCMjQ3M0ZBNjUxMUU5QUU1OEExMDYwRjUwQjIwOSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDoyMDlCMjQ3NEZBNjUxMUU5QUU1OEExMDYwRjUwQjA5Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MDlCMjQ3MUZBNjUxMUU5QUU1OEExMDYwRjUwQjIwOSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD14bXAuZGlkOjIwOUIyNDcyRkE2NTExRTlBRTU4QTEwNjBGMEIyMDkiLz4gPC9yZGY6RGVzY3JpcHRpb24+IDwvcmRmOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDx4cGFja2V0IGVuZD0iciI/PgH//v38+/r5+Pf29fTz8vHw7+7t7Ovq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPR0M/OzczLysnIx8bFxMPCwcC/vr28u7q5uLe2tbSzsrGwr66trKuqqainpqWko6KhoJ+enZybmpmYl5aVlJOSkZCPjo2Mi4qJiIeGhYSDgoGAf359fHt6eXh3dnV0c3JxcG9ubWxramloZ2ZlZGNiYWBfXl1cW1pZWFdWVVRTUlFQT05NTEtKSUhHRkVEQ0JBQD8+PTw7Ojk4NzY1NDMyMTAvLi0sKyopKCcmJSQjIiEgHx4dHBsaGRgXFhUUExIREA8ODQwLCgkIBwYFBAMCAQD6XmqtAAAAA3NCSVQBAQF8LneCAAAABlBMVEUAAAD///+l2Z/dAAAAAnRSTlP/AOW3MEoAAAABYktHRAH/Ai3eAAAADGNtUFBKQ21wMDcxMgAAAAdPbbelAAAAJklEQVQY02O4f4MBgoAASJ6fwXA9guHWDYa7N0AkkA0UAYofkAAApZITsXojh/UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=”会义，象形，下部是箕脚丌。data:image/png;base64,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，古文的写法是“箕”省略“竹”。其，就是籀文写法的“箕”字。

21由yóu由”是“油”的本字。由，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201965789.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201108988.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201702389.png（像液滴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201935963.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201475540.png（囗，几乎封闭的器皿），字形像一颗液滴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201702389.png从器皿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201475540.png上方滴落，表示通过器皿上方的小孔注油。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201819717.png像液滴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201687902.png穿过器皿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201492284.png小孔的样子。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201111818.png承续甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201477879.png将金文字形中的液滴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201700260.png写成一点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201926627.png，并加“入”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201915049.png，表示液滴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201926627.png滴入https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201915049.png器皿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201242398.png内。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201126898.png误将籀文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201771102.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201335692.png。造字本义：动词，通过器皿的小孔将油滴入器皿之中。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020201367928.png承续篆文字形。当“由”的“注油”本义消失后，篆文加“水”另造“油”代替。
22各gè“各”是“略”的本字。各，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839681808.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839145959.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839433146.png（彳，行军）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839981669.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839918544.png（夂，朝向城邑的“止”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839981669.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839196654.png（囗，城邑），表示向城邑进军。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839466924.png省去“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839433146.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839415961.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839900062.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，异族军队进犯城邑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839458762.png将篆文字形中的“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839497936.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839601393.png。当“各”的“进犯”本义消失后，篆文再加“田”另造“略”代替。在甲骨文中，“出”与“各”是反义词，脚趾https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839672421.png背向城邑https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839494191.png为“出”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839346442.png（离乡征战）；脚趾https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839364653.png朝向城邑https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839196654.png为“各”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105839466924.png（异族入侵）。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：各，異辭也。从口夊。夊者，有行而止之，不相聽也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：各，表示不同个体的词。字形采用“口、夂”会义。夂，表示有人要行进，有人要阻止，两两不相听从。

23得dé得，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836957414.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836359904.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836699801.png（手，拾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836929251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836378452.png（贝，最原始货币），表示拾贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836461451.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836135386.png（行进），表示古代中原人长途跋涉到湖海之滨寻觅和拾捡贝壳。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836112131.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836775386.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836675991.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png，同时误将籀文字形中的的“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836244183.png写成“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836499763.png。造字本义：动词，捡到贝壳，喜获财富。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836567423.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836158708.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836786586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836802651.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：得，行有所得也。从彳，㝵聲。䙷，古文省彳。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：得，远行探索而有所获。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“㝵”作声旁。䙷，这是古文写法的“得”字，省略了“彳”

24欲yù“慾”是“欲”的异体字。谷，既是声旁也是形旁，表示两座山岭之间高深空阔的沟壑。欲，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849730471.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849826458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849404874.png（谷，高深空阔的沟壑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849562936.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849668031.png（心，心中需求），表示内心的贪求如谷如壑。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849423263.png以“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849240336.png代“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849668031.png。 篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849403993.png用“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849782641.png（叹气、不满）代替金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849668031.png，表示感叹不满足。造字本义：名词，如深谷大壑一样永远填不满的贪求心念。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849861522.png将篆文字形中的“谷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849656943.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849336793.png，将篆文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849782641.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849842834.png。楷书异体字“慾”加“心”，强调“心念”含义。古籍多以“欲”代替“慾”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：欲，貪欲也。从欠，谷聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：欲，贪欲也。字形采用“欠”作边旁，采用“谷”作声旁。

25有yǒu“又”是“有”的本字。又，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631281572.png是象形字，字形像手张开，有所抓持。当“又”的“持有”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631870139.png再加“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631156015.png另造“有”代替，突出“手持肉食”的本义。远古时代肉食是生存资料中极为重要的部分，古人因此以“持肉”借代为“持有”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631363668.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，手持肉食。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631393533.png将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631291209.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631314781.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：有，不宜有也。《春秋傳》曰：“日月有食之。”从月，又聲。凡有之屬皆从有。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：有，不合理的持有。《春秋传》上说：“日、月有吞食它们的日食、月食现象。”字形采用“月”作边旁，采用“又”作声旁。所有与“有”字有关的字，都采用“有”作边旁。

26慈cí兹，既是声旁也是形旁，表示草木渐生渐长。慈，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759147289.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759934432.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759307672.png（丝，疑为对“兹”的误写，渐生渐长）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759196732.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759313172.png（心，情感），表示父母对子女生长的关爱。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759314737.png用“兹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104800269655.png代替“丝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759307672.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104800998677.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，父母、尤指母亲怜爱自己生养的幼稚弱小的子女。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104800322085.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104800955125.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104800809139.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104800465257.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104800824547.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：慈，愛也。从心，兹聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：慈，怜爱。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“兹”作声旁。

27慧huì彗，既是声旁也是形旁，表示手持扫帚扫地。慧，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909482338.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909827565.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909957759.png（彗，持帚扫地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909925673.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909392083.png（心，欲念），表示为心除尘，比喻清心、净心。造字本义：形容词，拂去俗尘，清心净虑，洞察真相，明心见性。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909689269.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909957759.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909321105.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909392083.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104909254030.png。古人称精通行军作战为“智”，称清心净虑、洞察真相为“慧”；称醒来感知清晰为“觉”；称明心见性、发现自我为“悟”；称简单无我、自然率性为“禅”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：慧，儇也。从心，彗聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：慧，敏捷聪明。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“彗”作声旁。

28恻cè則，既是声旁也是形旁，是“側”的省略，表示旁侧、旁边。惻，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815636456.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815422869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815277223.png（則，即“側”的省略）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815847951.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815230738.png（心，悲伤），表示旁观、同情。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815328818.png将金文字形中的上下结构调整成左中右结构。造字本义：动词，旁观同情，暗自悲伤。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815396470.png将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815332664.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815285940.png，将篆文字形中的“則”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815246357.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815857471.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“恻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815167329.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“則”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815857471.png简化成“则”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815321325.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：惻，痛也。从心，則聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：恻，痛心。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“则”作声旁。

29隐yǐn隱，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019845291.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019138034.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019712844.png（穴，山崖、洞穴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019641202.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019553511.png（工，生产器具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019641202.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019229444.png（又，持守）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019641202.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019646930.png（心，欲望），表示匿居深山，修行禁欲。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019329189.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019138034.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019955487.png（阜，盘山石阶，代表高山）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019641202.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019148291.png（爪，抓）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019641202.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019712681.png（工，生产器具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019641202.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019554742.png（又，持守）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019641202.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019640845.png（心，欲望），强调远居深山修行。造字本义：动词，为逃避俗世的纷扰和贪欲的诱惑而匿居山崖洞穴，开荒生产，自给自足，修行禁欲，持守本心。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/16/20200616041521364807.gif将篆文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020019955487.png写成“左耳旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/16/20200616041507355904.gif；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/16/20200616041553541981.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/16/20200616041618845988.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“隐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/16/20200616041952445942.gif，省去正体楷书字形中的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/16/20200616042019290489.gif，并将正体楷书字形中的“𢚩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/16/20200616041938294238.gif简写成“急”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/16/20200616041945576174.gif。“显”是身处社会焦点，引人注目；“隐”是为静心修道而远离人群，深居山野。附一 文言版《説文解字》：隱，蔽也。从data:image/png;base64,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，㥯聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：隐，蔽匿。字形采用“左耳旁”（阜）作边旁，采用“㥯”作声旁。

30之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

31心xīn心，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157931172.png是象形字，字形像包形的内脏器官。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157639787.png在包形器官https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157999348.png基础上增加动脉和静脉的入口管道形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157149033.png，并在包形器官的内部增加一点表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png，整个字形像人体内包形的泵血器官。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157271167.png简化血管形状。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157891460.png省去表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157341684.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，人体的泵血器官，从静脉接受血液并将其压入动脉从而维持血液在整个循环系统中的流动。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157316548.png变形较大，至此，泵血器官的包形消失、血管形状消失。古人发现，心不仅是泵血器官，还是感知器官，具有直觉思维的能力。附一 文言版《説文解字》：心，人心，土藏，在身之中。象形。博士說以爲火藏。凡心之屬皆从心。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：心，人的心脏，是属于土性的臟器，藏在身躯的中央位置。字形像泵血器官的形状。也有博学之士说，心是属火的臟器。所有与心相关的字，都采用“心”作边旁。

32以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一 文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

33遂suì遂，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046751073.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046197261.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046468653.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046998865.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046153333.png（又，抓），手上几点指事符号，表示远行采集。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046114446.png字形复杂化。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046137394.png误将金文字形中表示采集的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046222963.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046878311.png。造字本义：动词，上山采集。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046136016.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046623960.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046878234.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046878311.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046100941.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：遂，亾也。从辵，㒸聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文遂。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：遂，逃亡。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“㒸”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“遂”字。

34生shēng生，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144642831.png是指事字，在草叶https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144179224.png（屮）下面加一横表示地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144118039.png，表示新芽破土而出。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144392609.png用“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144502195.png代替表示地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144118039.png，成为会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144392609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144359224.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144179224.png（屮，新芽）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144703841.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144502195.png（土，地面），表示地面上有新芽冒出。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144847946.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144557374.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，草木破土萌发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144825617.png将篆文上部的“屮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144640890.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144511849.png，失去植物嫩叶萌发https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144640890.png的形象。古籍常假借“生”代替“性”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：生，進也。象艸木生出土上。凡生之屬皆从生。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：生，发育进展。象草从泥土上长出。所有与生相关的字，都采用“生”作边旁。

35成。chéng成，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558226042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558470511.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558381282.png（戊，大钺，战具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558305032.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png（囗，城邑），钺在城上，表示武力征服一邑一地。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558753551.png将城邑“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png写成一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558170712.png，表示征战结束。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558343412.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558626039.png将金文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558961242.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558436114.png。造字本义：动词，武力征服，称霸一方。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558191869.png的“戌”形淡化。附一 文言版《説文解字》：成，就也。从戊，丁聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文成从午。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：成，实现，完成。字形采用“戊”作边旁，采用“丁”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“成”，采用“午”作声旁。

36赏shǎng尚，既是声旁也是形旁，表示尊崇、追求。賞，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116242019.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116414654.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116852625.png（尚，尊崇、追求）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116361480.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116305588.png（貝，钱财），表示赐予钱财，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116989490.png把“尚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116852625.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116118283.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116322912.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，奖赐财物，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116410628.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116542275.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116628520.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116544087.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116184820.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“赏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116518951.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116184820.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116299346.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：賞，賜有功也。从貝，尚聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：赏，奖赐有功的人。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“尚”作声旁。

37善shàn羊，既是声旁也是形旁，通“祥”。善，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611892308.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611706943.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png（双目，眼睛），表示眼神安祥温和，所谓“慈眉善目”。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611771717.png双眼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611111458.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611742560.png将一双眼睛写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611879022.png将一双眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png省略成一只眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611696554.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611156573.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611922193.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611730736.png（两个“言”），表示言语祥和亲切。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611774110.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，神态安祥，言语亲和。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611832494.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611807404.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611940856.png，将篆文字形中的两个“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611728701.png写成“卄”加“口”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611576006.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：善，吉也。从誩，从羊。此與義美同意。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：善，吉祥。字形采用“誩、羊”会义。“善”这个字，与“義”（义）、“美”同义。

38罚fá“罚”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 3分


罰，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950102485.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950726625.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950494245.png（网，逮捕）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950862063.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950771152.png（言，议论、观点）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950862063.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950208476.png（人，臣子或士民），表示逮捕持不同政见的人士。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950487273.png将“网”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950494245.png简写成“四”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950769683.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950211947.png将金文字形中的“网”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950494245.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950844518.png，将金文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950771152.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950820094.png，并误将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950208476.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950152192.png，强调使用刑械惩治不同政见者。造字本义：动词，逮捕因言获罪者，并施以轻刑惩治。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950596324.png将篆文字形中的“网”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950844518.png简写成“四”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950220583.png，将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950820094.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950482188.png，将篆文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950152192.png写成“立刀旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950552755.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“罚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950223579.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950224267.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950268490.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：罰，辠之小者。从刀，从詈。未以刀有所贼，但持刀罵詈则應罰。附二 白话版《说文解字》：罚，对较轻罪行的处置。字形采用“刀、詈”会义。未曾持刀劫掠，但持刀威胁者则应当处罚。


39恶è“恶”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 0分


惡，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715253563.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715674128.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715521619.png（亞，位居第二的）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715320259.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715912393.png（心，意愿），表示不如愿的。造字本义：动词，内心无法接受的，反感的。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715551830.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715521619.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715535019.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715912393.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715790534.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“恶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715592029.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“亞”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715408788.png简化成“亚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715524556.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：惡，過也。从心，亞聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：恶，罪过。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“亚”作声旁。

40立lì立，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738211135.png是指事字，字形在一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738591478.png的脚底加一横表示地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738919956.png，表示站在地上。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738823468.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738526031.png将站着的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738591478.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738809649.png。造字本义：动词，站在地上。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738703538.png基本承续篆文字形。附一 文言版《説文解字》：立，住也。从大立一之上。凡立之屬皆从立。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：立，站住。采用“大”作边旁，在“大”的下面加一横指事符号，表示立于“一”之上。所有与立相关的字，都采用“立”作边旁。

41功gōng工，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巧妙用力的器械。功，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148686314.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148215869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148506664.png（工，巧具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148612864.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png（力，使劲），表示利用器械，巧妙发力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148702673.png将金文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png。造字本义：动词，运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148707230.png将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148674042.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：功，以勞定國也。从力，从工，工亦聲。
附二 话版《说文解字》：功，费心费力，使国家安宁。字形采用“力、工”会义，“工”也作声旁。

42事shì“事”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 3分


“吏”、“事”与“史”同源。史，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709702552.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709798175.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709476379.png（中，是两军对峙的非军事地带）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709760216.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709819764.png（又，执、持），表示手持旌节，出使发生争端的国界和谈。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709476379.png是“中”的繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709562857.png的简写。古远时代以族旗国旗为跨界出行的护照，“中”的本义即两国使者各执国旗争端的国界会谈调停，折中求和。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709374363.png将旗帜状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709584386.png简化成“干”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709644447.png，将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709476379.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709538502.png，导致字形晦涩。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709638758.png则将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709538502.png进一步简化成“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709899386.png。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709685896.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709975655.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709892186.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709501083.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709266907.png。造字本义：动词，手持旌节，代表国家，出使和谈，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的和平文件。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709478371.png将篆文字形中的“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709547411.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709605085.png。古代称博学的文职官员为“史”，称行政管理官员为“吏”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：事，職也。从史，之省聲。，古文事。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：事，当差。字形采用“史”作边旁，采用有所省略的“止”（屮）作声旁。，这是古文写法的“事”。

43夙sù“夙”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 0分


夙，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528121649802543.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014551165088.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528121819991343.gif（夕，残月）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014551324083.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528121926786725.gif（丮，即“执”，像双手有所操持），像一个人在月夜下劳动，表示天未亮就开工。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528122401631569.gif承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528122551644753.gif加“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528122750533748.gif，表示男权时代妇女任劳任怨，天没亮就起床备炊劳作。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528123325413349.gif调整成左右结构。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528124723805473.gif承续左右结构的金文字形。造字本义：动词，在星月下通宵劳作。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528123921509413.gif改成包围结构，并误将篆文字形中的“丮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528124034614254.gif（执）写成“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/28/20200528124229591055.gif。由于“宿”与“夙”音相同、义相近，古籍中常将“夙敌”、“夙根”、“夙愿”等词语写成“宿敌”、“宿根”、“宿愿”等词语。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：夙，早敬也。从丮，持事雖夕不休，早敬者也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：夙，早上起床后向天地祖先作敬拜。采用“丮”（执）作边旁，表示日夜操劳，天黑不歇，一早敬拜。

44兴xīng“兴”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 5分


興，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927387686.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927333490.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927293931.png（不同方向的四只手）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927952230.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927933559.png（凡，多柄夯具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927952230.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927266190.png（口，劳动号子），表示众人和着号子一齐举起多柄夯具夯地。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927334755.png将夯具“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927933559.png写成“井”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927321533.png，突出沉重夯具的多柄特征。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927531039.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927257983.png将金文字形中的夯具“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927554174.png和“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927293371.png合写成“同”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927759710.png。造字本义：动词，众人喊着号子一齐使劲，用多柄夯地桩夯地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927867242.png将篆文字形中下部的两只手“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927768684.png连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927302206.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“兴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927289359.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中上部的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927982669.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023927365283.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：興，起也。从舁，从同。同力也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：兴，众人合力举起。字形采用“舁、同”会义。同，表示大家同心合力。

45夜yè“夜”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 4分


“亦”是“夜”的本字；而“夜”是“腋”的本字。亦，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747892746.png是指事字，字形在一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747780246.png的两臂下方各加一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747112476.png，表示人的两腋。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747868823.png承续甲骨文字形。当“亦”的“两腋”本义消失后，繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747772355.png再加“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747893441.png（借代身体器官）另造“夜”代替，强调身体的部位。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747896906.png将“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747893441.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747382271.png。古人多将金文字形“夜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747896906.png中表示“肉”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747382271.png（身体器官）误解为星月之“月”（日落后发光的天体），将本义原为“两腋”的“夜”，误解为“月高天黑”；于是后人再加“肉”另造“腋”代替“夜”，表示身体器官；而“夜”则将错就错地承担了与“两腋”毫不相关的时间概念角色。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747175561.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，人体的两腋部位。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747149898.png将篆文字形中的“亦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747836787.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747463995.png，将篆文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747702781.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747680623.png。古人称太阳运行期间为“昼”；月亮运行期间为“夜”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：夜，舍也。天下休舍也。从夕，亦省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：夜，放下劳作。天下万众都放下劳作，安歇休养。字形采用“夕”作边旁，采用有所省略的“亦”作声旁。

46寐mèi未，既是声旁也是形旁，表示没有完成。寐，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058634287.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058262231.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058485423.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058354888.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058358774.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058354888.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058967383.png（木，代木床），表示古人劳作一天后躺在床上睡觉。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058322613.png将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058358774.png写成“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058111842.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058500117.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058262231.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058714300.png（“寝”的省略，躺卧、睡觉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058354888.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058133157.png（未，没完成），表示睡而未眠。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058888298.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058262231.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058891912.png（梦，深度睡眠）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058354888.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058427123.png（睡而未眠），强调“寐”与“梦”的睡眠关系。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058691472.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，躺在床上，睡而未眠。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058836654.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058932949.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111058616739.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：寐，臥也。从㝱省，未聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：寐，睡着。字形采用省略了“夢”的“㝱”作边旁，采用“未”作声旁。

47以yǐ“以”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 2分


“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　
附一 文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

48成chéng成，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558226042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558470511.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558381282.png（戊，大钺，战具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558305032.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png（囗，城邑），钺在城上，表示武力征服一邑一地。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558753551.png将城邑“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png写成一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558170712.png，表示征战结束。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558343412.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558626039.png将金文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558961242.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558436114.png。造字本义：动词，武力征服，称霸一方。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558191869.png的“戌”形淡化。附一 文言版《説文解字》：成，就也。从戊，丁聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文成从午。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：成，实现，完成。字形采用“戊”作边旁，采用“丁”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“成”，采用“午”作声旁。

49人rén“人”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 3.29分


人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

50伦lún侖，既是声旁也是形旁，即“龠”，表示音高高低有序的和音管乐器，喻等级、秩序。倫，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755237482.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755173424.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755253043.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755963434.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755273334.png（侖，秩序），表示世俗秩序。造字本义：名词，儒家思想中人与人之间的等级、秩序，包括君臣、父子、夫妻等。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755836172.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755253043.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755757602.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755273334.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755324986.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“伦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755250535.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“侖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755390675.png简化成“”仑https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755641882.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：倫，輩也。从人，侖聲。一曰道也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：伦，辈份。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“侖”作声旁。另一种说法认为，“伦”是“道理”的意思。

51之zhī“之”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 3.5分


之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

52序xù序，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131377183.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131666641.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131111299.png（厂，开放型建筑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131312898.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131718982.png（与“良”形似，像主屋朝向不同方向的回廊），表示进入主屋的不同方向的走廊，一种既可遮风蔽雨又可欣赏风景的附属建筑。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131933565.png误将多条走廊形状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131718982.png写成“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131605362.png和“丁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131518365.png，回廊形象消失。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131488338.png误将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131242851.png写成“予”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131778070.png，并以“予”作为声旁。造字本义：名词，进入主屋的不同方向的走廊。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131714568.png将篆文字形中的“予”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131778070.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131941782.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：序，東西牆也。从广，予聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：序，堂屋前的东西两侧门墙。字形采用“广”作边旁，采用“予”作声旁。

三.翻译翻译：素是指有形有质万物，最原初的状态，最本始，最精真的状态。老子所说见素抱朴之素，内经《素问》书名中的素，和《素书》书名中的素，皆为同义。它们阐述的，也都是最根本的未被人为所支离的大道至理。原---出水的石洞，水流的源头。始----家族繁衍渊源的最先之母。道，德，仁，义，礼五者，构成一个系统。像身体里面的五脏一样一个都不能少，它们是一个整体。先有道，接着有德，德者必慈，慈者必仁仁者必亲。仁只是德自然而然的一种外在表现。道，体道的圣人浸在道中双足跺地、踢土以辅佐大道，使万物自然而然地循道而为.德，圣人食于母，接通道和天下，得到一种辅佐大道，孕育万物，蓄养万物的神能，使万物顺应自然秩序自生自长自成。仁，人所拥有的只有被血缘联系着的至近至密者之间的那样的不离不弃的感情，（德者必慈，慈者必仁，仁者必亲）。有父母对子女生长的般的关爱，清心净虑、洞察真相的能力，旁观同情，持守本心的心，以使万物远行深山采集有所收获，草木破土萌发，武力征服，称霸一方。义（神灵护佑的仁道之战），人拥有公正之心，奖赏言语祥和亲切的，处置不宜于公正的，可以成事。礼，人在远古时代皮革制作的船形鞋子。（圣人以礼教的规范，来引导人们遵守社会伦理规则。）天未亮就开工，夜深了还没睡着。（早起晚睡）以开成人伦之序。 4.简明心得：心得：道，德，仁，义，礼是一体的。缺一不可。这五者所讲的，都呈现了最素的一个状态。5吟诵发群里面了。

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-11 09:32:27

本帖最后由 睿涵 于 2021-1-11 10:23 编辑

1.11.夫欲为人之本，不可无一焉。(今天内容不多，原本这句话是属于昨天第二个层次的内容——和昨天定义道德仁义礼的内容联合起来，呼应第一层次的——因为内容太多，把这句话作为今天的任务来安排：

今天任务：对下面这句话生僻字正音，查询重要字，吟诵，翻译，写出简明心得，并结合昨天内容加以把握。)
1.欲yù“慾”是“欲”的异体字。谷，既是声旁也是形旁，表示两座山岭之间高深空阔的沟壑。欲，金文（谷，高深空阔的沟壑）（心，心中需求），表示内心的贪求如谷如壑。有的金文以“人”代“心”。 篆文用“欠”（叹气、不满）代替金文字形中的“心”，表示感叹不满足。造字本义：名词，如深谷大壑一样永远填不满的贪求心念。隶书将篆文字形中的“谷”写成，将篆文字形中的“欠”写成。楷书异体字“慾”加“心”，强调“心念”含义。古籍多以“欲”代替“慾”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：欲，貪欲也。从欠，谷聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：欲，贪欲也。字形采用“欠”作边旁，采用“谷”作声旁。
2为wéi“为”的字源解说
“爲”是“撝”和“僞”的本字；“為”是“爲”的异体字。爲，甲骨文（又，抓、牵）（象，大型力畜），表示驯兽师手牵大象，驯化大象的野性，使大象为主人服役，劳作载重。大象是陆地上最大型的力畜，在严重依赖体力的远古时代，驯化大象为主人服务，在古人看来是是一项无所不能的发明。有的甲骨文用“爪”（抓）代替“又”（抓），将“象”写成。金文将甲骨文字形中长鼻大口的“象”写成长鼻大耳的“象”。篆文将金文字形中的“象”写成不知所云的字形。造字本义：动词，人工引导驯服大象，使大象掌握超越自然本能的劳动技能，变成听命于主人的劳动力。隶化后楷书将篆文字形中的“爪”写成，将篆文字形中的“象”写成。俗体楷书“為”将正体楷书字形中一撇三点的“爪”简化成一点。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“为”，依据草书字形整体简化。当“爲”引申出“用手势指引、指导”的动词含义后，篆文再加“手”另造“撝”代替，强调手势的作用；当“爲”引申出“不自然、不真实”的形容词含义后，金文再加“人”另造“僞”代替，强调自然因素之外人类主观意志的因素。古籍多以“爲”代替“為”。现代汉语将“爲”和“為”都简化成“为”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：爲，母猴也。其爲禽好爪。爪，母猴象也。下腹爲母猴形。王育曰：“爪，象形也。”，古文为，象兩母猴相對形。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：为，弥猴。作为走兽的弥猴喜欢用它的爪子。爪，就是弥猴的形象特征所在。“为”的篆文字形下部像弥猴的形状。王育说：“爪的字形，
像弥猴的爪形”。，这是古文写法的“为”字，像两只弥猴相对的样子。
3人rén“人”的字源解说
人，甲骨文是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”是顶天立地的成年人；“人”是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。
4之zhī“之”的字源解说
之，甲骨文是指事字，字形在“止”（脚）下面加一横指事符号，表示脚踏大地。金文、篆文承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书严重变形。楷书承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”
作边旁。
5本běn“本”的字源解说 我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分网友总评： 3分
本，金文是指事字，字形在树的根部加三点指事符号，表示树在地下的营养器官。籀文在树的下方加倒三角，表示扎入地下的根系。篆文将根部的三点简写成一横。造字本义：名词，树的根部。隶书将篆文字形中的树枝形状简化成。“木”是象形字，甲骨文像一株树，上部是枝下部是根；“本”是指事字，金文在树根部位加三点指事符号，表示树在地下的营养器官；“末”是指事字，金文在树梢部位加一点指事符号，表示尾端；“未”是象形字，甲骨文像树上枝桠重重，表示枝叶茂盛；“果”是象形字，甲骨文像树上结满球状实籽；“朱”是指事字，甲骨文在主杆部位加一点指事符号，表示树干；“林”是会义字，甲骨文像树连树的样子；“森”是会义字，甲骨文比“林”多一“木”，表示“森”为“大林”。

附一 文言版《説文解字》：本，木下曰本。从木，一在其下。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：本，树的下部叫“本”。字形采用“木”作边旁，指事符号“一”表示位置在树的下部。
6不bù“不”的字源解说
“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文是由“帝”的甲骨文字形减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”是指事字，字形在“木”（树）上端加一横指事符号，写成，上端的“才”（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形将树杈形状简化成倒三角形，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号简化成横写的“工”状。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形在顶端再加一横指事符号。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形省去表示系束的“工”就成为“不”，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文、篆文承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书省去隶书字形中的倒三角形。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。
7可kě“可”的字源解说
“可”是“哥”、“謌”和“歌”的本字。口，既是声旁也是形旁，表示发声。可，甲骨文（似竽的乐器）（口，发声），表示和着音乐唱歌。金文、篆文承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，古代男女以吹笙唱歌方式求偶。隶化后楷书将篆文字形中的竽形写成”丁“。当“可”的“吹笙唱歌”本义消失后，篆文再加“可”，另造“哥”代替，表示对唱。当“哥”本义消失之后，金文再加“言”（倾诉）另造“謌”代替，或者篆文再加“欠”（撮口而吹），另造“歌”代替。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：可，肎也。从口、丂，丂亦聲。凡可之屬皆从可。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：可，肯，同意。字形采用“口、丂”会义，“丂”也是声旁。所有与可相关的字，都采用“可”作边旁。
8无wú“无”的字源解说
无，篆文是指事字，字形在表示“秃头”的“兀”字上加一横指事符号，表示全秃，强调“兀”的程度。造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。隶书将篆文字形中的“兀”写成。“兀”是秃顶；“无”是全秃，完全光头。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：無，亡也。从亡，無聲。无，奇字无，通于元者。王育说，天屈西北为无。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：無，没有。字形采用“亡”作边旁，采用“無”作声旁。“无”，这是一个奇字，是“元”的撇画向上贯通而产生的奇字。王育说，天穹向西
北弓屈叫作“无”。
9一yī一，甲骨文是特殊指事字，抽象符号“一”既代表最为简单的起源，也代表最为丰富的浑沌整体。造字本义：数词，最小原始单位，最小的正整数。古人认为“道立于一，一生二，二生三，三生万物”。就是说，混沌太初的存在整体是“一”；然后由太初混沌的“一”，分出天地“二”极；天地二极之间，又生出人这第“三”部分；天地人三者，衍化出宇宙万物。金文、篆文承续甲骨文字形。一，代替混沌太初的整体；二，上面的一横代表“天”，下面的一横代表“地”；三，上下两横代表“天地”，中间的一横代表“人”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：一，惟初太始，道立于一，造分天地，化成萬物。凡一之属皆从一。弌，古文一。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：一，开天辟地之初、万物形成之始，道立于一体化的浑沌，然后造化分出天地，化成万物。所有与一相关的字，都采用“一”作边旁。弌，
这是古文写法的“一”。
10焉yān“焉”的字源解说
，既是声旁也是形旁，是“雁”的省略，表示候鸟。焉，金文（鸟，雁，候鸟）（正，即“征”的本字，征服），表示远征的候鸟。篆文有所变形，将金文字形中的“正”变形成“下”，将金文字形中的“鸟”写成。造字本义：动词，候鸟长途远征。隶书继续变形，将篆文字形中的“下”写成“爪”，将篆文字形中表示鸟足的“匕”写成“四点底”。远古祖先受限地理阻隔交通落后，无法深入了解候鸟的活动情况，每见头顶高空中飞过的候鸟群，他们只能感叹候鸟归宿的不可知，因此“焉”引申出常用的疑问代词义项。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：焉，焉鳥，黃色，出於江淮。象形。凡字：朋者，羽蟲之屬；烏者，日中之禽；舄者，知太歲之所在；燕者，請子之候，作巢避戊己。所者故
皆象形。焉亦是也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：焉，焉鸟，羽黄色，产于江淮流域。“焉”字像焉鸟之形。所有这些字都有共同点：朋字，表示羽虫之类；乌字，表示日间飞禽；舄字，表示
知道太岁所在位置的鸟；燕字，表示知道得子征兆，因此作巢等待，避开戊己产子日的外部干扰。所提到的这些字，都是象形。焉字也属于这一类。三释义：
1.如深谷大壑一样永远填不满的贪求心念, 人工引导驯服大象，使大象掌握超越自然本能的劳动技能，变成听命于主人的劳动力,一个都不可以少。2.道、德、仁、义、礼五者为人之本，一个都不能少，在各个层面里适合用哪一种就用哪一种，便可管理好天下。四简明心得简明心得：道德仁义礼五者为人之本，指事天治人之道的大宗大本。一个道在不同层面上的运用。对于不同的人，就需要使用不同的管理方法。五吟诵已经发群里面。

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-12 08:41:58

本帖最后由 睿涵 于 2021-1-12 17:40 编辑

1.12.今天任务：
贤人君子，明于盛衰之道，通乎成败之数，审乎治乱之势，达乎去就之理。故潜居抱道以待其时。1.贤
一，二，查字正音。我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 0分


“臤”是“賢xián”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122793432.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，掌握、管理），表示有管理才能的官吏。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122375213.png承续甲骨文字形。当“臤”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122380835.png再加“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122536284.png（宝贵）另造“賢”代替，表示宝贵的、难得的人才。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122222480.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。古人称男子善于管理组织为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122324165.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122546854.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122544691.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122931000.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122747749.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122560252.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：賢，多才也。从貝，臤聲。附二 白话版《说文解字》：贤，多才多能。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臤”作声旁。2人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一 文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。 附二 白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。


3君jūn“尹”是“君”的本字。君，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401597427.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401194014.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401743606.png（手执权杖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401315360.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401911978.png（口，命令），表示握权执政，管理事务。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401567237.png将甲骨文字形中的手和权杖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401743606.png连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401886858.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401362317.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，发号施令，执政治国。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401410955.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401466863.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023401683494.png。古人称开创缔枝为巢时代的首领为“帝”；称手持特大战斧的首领为“王”；称文治天下的智慧首领为“君”；称头戴金冠的至上王者为“皇”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：君，尊也。从尹，發號，故从口。data:image/png;base64,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，古文像君坐形。附二 白话版《说文解字》：君，天下至尊。字形采用“尹”作边旁，表示管理万千事务；因为发号施令，所以同时采用“口”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文的“君”字，像君主端坐的样子。
4子zǐ子，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031711815.png像一幅幼儿的线描，画出了幼儿的脑袋https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031227535.png、头发https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031743175.png、两脚https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031916783.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031594304.png简化字形，像幼儿两脚被裹在襁褓里，露出脑袋https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031219562.png，挥动两臂https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031600296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031949887.png承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031594304.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031291148.png综合甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031711815.png和甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031935175.png的字形。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031620622.png像坐在凳子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031486661.png上的小孩https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031887501.png，挥动着两手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031713061.png。造字本义：名词，包裹在襁褓中挥动两臂、尚不能独立的幼儿。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031570888.png淡化了篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031695628.png中襁褓婴儿的两手形象。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031667964.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031130851.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031695628.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031261128.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031902745.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一 文言版《説文解字》：子，十一月，陽气動，萬物滋，人以爲偁。象形。凡子之屬皆从子。㜽，古文子，从巛，象髮也。data:image/png;base64,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，籀文子，囟有发，臂胫在几上也。附二 白话版《说文解字》：“子”作边旁。㜽，这是古文写法的“子”字，字形采用“巛”作边旁，巛，像幼儿的头发。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文写法的“子”字，头顶有头发，手臂与小腿都放在几上。

5明míng明，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082541915085.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112468596.png（日，太阳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082621328054.gif（月亮），表示白天与黑夜发光的两个天体（古人以为月亮在夜里发光）。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112934504389.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/7/20200307100955838498.gif（月亮）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513101615484798.gif（囧，窗牖），表示月光透过窗户照亮夜里的房间。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513111958294469.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513111923125378.gif承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112934504389.gif。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112159309153.gif承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082541915085.gif。造字本义：动词，日光或月光将空间照亮。“明”侧重表示日光充足；“朗”侧重表示月光充足。附一 文言版《説文解字》：朙，照也。从月，从囧。凡朙之屬皆从朙。附二 白话版《说文解字》：朙，日月照耀。字形由“月、囧”会义。所有与“朙”有关的字，都采用“朙”作边旁。6于yú“于”是“竽”的本字。于，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930361270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930213683.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930734265.png（（于，即“竽”，竹管吹奏乐器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930696739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930371156.png（凹凸曲折），表示竽管乐音起伏迂回。在有柄的吹奏乐器“丂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930105886.png（参见“号”、“可”）的手柄部位加一横，表示手握乐器；凹凸曲折的符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930895137.png，表示乐音婉转起伏。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930257458.png省去凹凸起伏的符号。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930473704.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930764121.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930192415.png有所变形。造字本义：名词，婉转起伏的竽管乐音。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930791472.png恢复简体金文字形。当“于”的“竹笛”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930321912.png再加“竹”另造“竽”代替。由于“于”（男女新婚仪式上必备的音乐演奏）与“於”（成双成对的鸟儿比翼齐飞）读音相同，而且含义存在内在关联，古人于是有时假借“于”代替“於”。《汉字简化方案》用“于”合并代替“於”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：于，於也，象气之舒亏。从丂，从一。一者，其气平之也。凡亏之屬皆從亏。今變隸作于。附二 白话版《说文解字》：于，即“於”，像气息的舒张与亏缺。字形采用“丂、一”会义。“一”代替气息平缓。所有与亏相关的字，都采用“亏”作边旁。现今“於”简化写作“于”。
7盛shèng成，既是声旁也是形旁，表示用武力实现霸业。盛，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632176156.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632589233.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632469908.png（益，即“溢”的本字，满溢）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632503817.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632428698.png（“成”的省略，用武力实现霸业），“溢之成”或“成而溢”，比喻帝业达到顶峰，国力兴旺，连带影响周边国家。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632901576.png将甲骨文字形中的“成”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632428698.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632847521.png，并误将甲骨文字形中的“益”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632469908.png写成“皿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632389332.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632105003.png将“成”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632847521.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632591824.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632823345.png将金文字形中的成”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632847521.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632481576.png，将金文字形中的“皿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632389332.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632527537.png。造字本义：形容词，国力强大，帝业达到顶峰。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632634107.png将篆文字形中的“成”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632481576.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632619998.png，将篆文字形中的“皿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632527537.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104632663632.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：盛，黍稷在器中以祀者也。从皿，成聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：盛，放在器皿中用以祭祀的黍稷。字形采用“皿”作边旁，采用“成”作声旁。

8衰shuāi“衰”是“蓑”的本字。衰，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739487559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739206997.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739383157.png（衣领）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739670286.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739975065.png（大量向下披垂的棕毛），字形像领口之下棕毛下垂的服装。棕片由数层棕丝天然网织而成，末端是棕毛，它质地轻飘，疏而不漏，耐潮耐湿；古人将棕毛朝下的棕片连缀成“棕衣”，亦即俗称的“蓑衣”；雨水打在棕衣上时被数层“棕网”遮挡，并顺着棕丝和棕毛下淌到地上，穿蓑人可保干爽不湿，加之棕衣轻便，人们可以穿蓑在雨中劳作。穿蓑传统在当代部分农村地区仍有保留。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739502400.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739383157.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739981431.png，表示“领口”；将金文分开书写的两个“毛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739975065.png连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739898939.png，强调带棕毛的棕片被“连缀”成衣。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739723325.png将籀文字形中的“领口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739981431.png明确写成“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739394535.png。造字本义：名词，用耐潮、耐湿的棕片缝制的雨衣。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739527716.png误将棕毛披垂的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739773248.png（似“冄”非“冄”）写成“口”加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739136649.png，导致“衰”的字形面目全非，“蓑衣”本义线索消失。有的楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739887532.png承续隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739723771.png；有的楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739233850.png承续隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739527716.png。当“衰”的“蓑衣”本义消失后，再加“卄”（草）另造“蓑”代替。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：衰，艸雨衣。秦謂之萆。从衣，象形。data:image/png;base64,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，古文衰。附二 白话版《说文解字》：衰，用草纺织的雨衣。这种雨衣在秦地叫作“萆”。字形采用“衣”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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，像雨衣的样子。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“衰”字。
9之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

10道dào“道”是“導”（导）的本字。道，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836894167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836554347.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836133938.png（行，四通的大路）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836372092.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png（人，行者），表示一个人行走在路上。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836258017.png用“首”和“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png代替甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png，“首”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836280016.png表示动脑筋；“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png表示行走，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png表示且思且行。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836102632.png用“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png（抓）代替“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png（行走），表示牵拉引路。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836888275.png用由“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836705741.png（抓）、“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836350364.png（抓）、“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png（说明）构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836700412.png代替https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836661219.png，强调“牵引、说明、向导”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836506414.png综合金文字形，省去“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png和“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png。造字本义：动词，向导、带路，给不知方向的人引路。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836389770.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836456657.png写成“走之底””https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836339143.png；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836387940.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836820568.png。当“道”的“向导”本义消失后，篆文再加“寸”另造“導”代替。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。附一 文言版《説文解字》：道，所行道也。从辵，从首。一達謂之道。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：道，人们所走的路。字形采用“辵、首”会义。直达的大路叫作“道”。

11通tōng用，既是声旁也是形旁，表示可使器物。通，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050135646.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050565549.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050616634.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050383825.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050270509.png（用，借代物用），表示物用来往，交流有无。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050520752.png误将甲骨文字形中的“用”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050270509.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050679923.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050190213.png误将甲骨文字形中的“用”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050270509.png写成“甬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050243894.png。造字本义：动词，不同部落或聚邑彼此来往，交换物用。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050664455.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050421674.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050548957.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050243894.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050908841.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：通，達也。从辵，甬聲。附二 白话版《说文解字》：通，直达。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“甬”作声旁。
12乎hū“乎”是“呼”的本字。乎，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044975879.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213104030910842.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044737732.png（于，号角）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213104036165925.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044797475.png（向上的“气”、或发出的响声），表示号角吹得紧急、响亮，表示危机来临，部落紧急“呼叫”。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213105509830167.gif承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032740664748.gif将金文字形中的“气”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032753879936.gif写成一撇两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032813273034.gif，将金文字形中的“于”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032802142757.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032822553990.gif。造字本义：动词，号角吹得紧急、响亮，代表部落的紧急“呼叫”。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032837695593.gif将篆文字形中一撇两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032813273034.gif写成一撇三点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032930722624.gif，将篆文字形中的“于”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032822553990.gif写成“丁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032953146981.gif。当“乎”的“呼叫”本义消失后，篆文再加“口”另造“呼”代替。号角吹不出任何声音叫“亏”（表示完全缺乏中气）；号角吹得“嘘嘘”无力叫“兮”；号角高亢并紧急叫“乎”（“呼”，部落紧急招集的号角）；号角吹得音调悠长、稳定、没有起伏变化叫“平”（号音平直，表示平安无事，没有警情）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：乎，語之餘也。从兮，象聲上越揚之形也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：乎，语尾的叹词。字形采用“兮”作边旁，像声音向上越扬的形状。

13成chéng成，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558226042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558470511.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558381282.png（戊，大钺，战具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558305032.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png（囗，城邑），钺在城上，表示武力征服一邑一地。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558753551.png将城邑“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png写成一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558170712.png，表示征战结束。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558343412.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558626039.png将金文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558961242.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558436114.png。造字本义：动词，武力征服，称霸一方。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558191869.png的“戌”形淡化。附一 文言版《説文解字》：成，就也。从戊，丁聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文成从午。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：成，实现，完成。字形采用“戊”作边旁，采用“丁”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“成”，采用“午”作声旁。

14败bài貝，既是声旁也是形旁，表示财宝。敗，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812872601.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812840660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812177566.png（貝，财宝）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812864774.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812734992.png（攴，持械敲打），表示毁坏宝贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812927238.png用“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812207720.png（至尊的象征）代替“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812177566.png（财宝），表示毁坏尊鼎。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812560726.png用“賏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812579690.png代替甲骨文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812177566.png，强调毁坏大量钱财。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812633154.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，敲破尊鼎或宝贝，损毁家当。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812850960.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812556154.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812981259.png，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812812265.png写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812105145.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“败”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812265665.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812981259.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812523654.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：敗，毀也。从攴、貝。敗賊皆从貝，會意。贁，籒文敗从賏。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：败，毁坏。字形采用“攴、贝”会义。“败”、“贼”都采用“贝”作边旁会义。贁，这是籀文的“败”，采用“賏”作边旁。

15之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

16数shù數，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043147908.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043574220.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043237156.png（双手，表示体罚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043476550.png（人，代表受罚者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043477391.png（目，代表脸）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043325264.png（言，表示责骂），表示列举孩子的错误，并加以体罚、教训。诅楚文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043857170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043574220.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043134017.png（双手，体罚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043165690.png（人，代表受罚者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043119131.png（今，即“念”，念念有词）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043369706.png（女，妇人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043318124.png（攴，持械打击），表示对犯有过错的妇女念念有词地责骂，进行体罚。在男权占优势的社会，妇女是常常受罚的弱势群体。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043352537.png误将诅楚文的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043382830.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043414907.png。造字本义：动词，列举过错，并加以惩罚。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043988976.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043913670.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043891172.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043673749.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043842618.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“数”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043445467.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书的“婁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043891172.png写成“娄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043951655.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：數，計也。从攴，婁聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：数，计算。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“娄”作声旁。

17审shěn“宷”是“審”的本字；“审”是“審”的异体字。釆，既是声旁也是形旁，是“番”的本字，表示古代西北少数民族。宷，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131595040.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131872485.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131167257.png（宀，密室）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131796730.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131677664.png（米，是“釆”误写，即“番”，古西北少数民族），表示古代中原人将西北少数民族俘虏关在密室。当“宷”的本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131791923.png加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131901158.png（问讯），或金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131232141.png加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131350122.png（说明），明确“审讯”的含义。篆文“審”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131980509.png省去金文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131901158.png（问讯）或“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131350122.png（说明），同时用“番”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131111683.png（古西北少数民族）代替金文字形中的“釆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131905096.png。造字本义：动词，古代中原人将敌对的西北少数民族俘虏关在密室，问讯、详细盘查，以获取详细敌情。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131123714.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131414536.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131634300.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131111683.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131455852.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“审”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131677027.png，用既作声旁也作形旁的“申”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131387610.png（申明）代替正体楷书字形中的“番”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131455852.png，表示要被问讯者自我申明。古籍多以“審”代替“宷”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：宷，悉也。知宷諦也。从宀、从釆。審，篆文宷从番。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：宷，知悉。详知详察。字形采用“宀、釆”会义。“審”，这是篆文写法的“宷”字，采用“番”作声旁 。

18乎hū“乎”是“呼”的本字。乎，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044975879.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213104030910842.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044737732.png（于，号角）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213104036165925.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044797475.png（向上的“气”、或发出的响声），表示号角吹得紧急、响亮，表示危机来临，部落紧急“呼叫”。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213105509830167.gif承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032740664748.gif将金文字形中的“气”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032753879936.gif写成一撇两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032813273034.gif，将金文字形中的“于”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032802142757.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032822553990.gif。造字本义：动词，号角吹得紧急、响亮，代表部落的紧急“呼叫”。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032837695593.gif将篆文字形中一撇两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032813273034.gif写成一撇三点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032930722624.gif，将篆文字形中的“于”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032822553990.gif写成“丁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032953146981.gif。当“乎”的“呼叫”本义消失后，篆文再加“口”另造“呼”代替。号角吹不出任何声音叫“亏”（表示完全缺乏中气）；号角吹得“嘘嘘”无力叫“兮”；号角高亢并紧急叫“乎”（“呼”，部落紧急招集的号角）；号角吹得音调悠长、稳定、没有起伏变化叫“平”（号音平直，表示平安无事，没有警情）。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：乎，語之餘也。从兮，象聲上越揚之形也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：乎，语尾的叹词。字形采用“兮”作边旁，像声音向上越扬的形状。

19治zhì“治”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 2分


治，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300524262.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300129839.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300734018.png（水，洪汛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300382560.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300559548.png（台，通“臺”，土石堆筑的坝堤），表示筑堤防洪。造字本义：动词，开凿水道，修筑堤坝，疏水防洪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300624324.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300734018.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300850072.png，将篆文字形中的“台”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300559548.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300974690.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：治，水。出東萊曲城陽丘山，南入海。从水，台聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：治，河川名。源于东莱郡曲城县的阳丘山，向南流入大海。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“台”作声旁。

20乱luànhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png，既是声旁也是形旁，金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734410846.png像纺织者手工https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734898356.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734977974.png整理纺织机https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734777355.png上散乱或混杂无序的丝线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734296907.png，使丝线条理有序，便于纺织。亂，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734971218.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734321764.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png，手工整理织机上混杂无序的丝线）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734749129.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734345965.png（乙，织机上的丝线），表示织机上的丝线混杂无序。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734619456.png将金文字形的左右结构调整成上中下结构。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734635507.png将金文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png。造字本义：形容词，织机上的丝线混杂无序。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734647048.png将篆文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png，将篆文字形中的“乙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734706898.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734245274.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734904614.png依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734622467.png，用“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”（正体楷书省略“舌”而写作“辭”；俗体楷书省略“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png”而写作“辞”）省略成的“舌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734835707.png代替正体楷书字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png。古籍中，“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734578600.png”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734849481.png”，后来多由“治”合并代替；“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”后来多由“辭”代替。附一 文言版《説文解字》：亂，治也。从乙，乙，治之也；从data:image/png;base64,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。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：乱，理清杂丝。字形采用“乙”作边旁，“乙”表示理清纷杂的丝绪。字形也采用“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAkAAAAOAQMAAADHWqTrAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDoyQzAzRDRBNDdDODcxMUU4QUYyQzgwNjYwQUJGNTYxMCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDoyQzAzRDRBNTdDODcxMUU4QUYyQzgwNjYwQUJGNTEwIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MkMwMzRBMjdDODcxMUU4QUYyQzgwNjYwQUJGNTYxMCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDoyQzAzRDRBMzdDODcxRThBRjJDODA2NjBBQkY1NjEwIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRD4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3b2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAWtofGQAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNjYGBgyG0Aof8NDI4MDLEMIAAkgWygSDkDCAHB9wYArjgIeqzzeV4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=”作边旁。

21之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

22势shì埶（艺yì），疑为“執”（执zhí）的变形，既是声旁也是形旁，表示拘捕罪犯。勢，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137751879.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137894528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137869689.png（埶，疑为“執”的误写，拘捕）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137457039.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137407677.png（力，强力），表示强力拘捕。造字本义：动词，强力押解犯人。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137918060.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137869689.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137467501.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137407677.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137389160.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“势”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137679243.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“埶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137198124.png简写成“执”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024137236364.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：勢，盛力權也。从力，埶聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：势，充满权与力。字形采用“力”作边旁，采用“埶”作声旁。

23达dá大，既是声旁也是形旁，表示成年人。达，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833385363.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833999094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833599993.png（彳，大道）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833902466.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833518976.png（大，人），表示人来人往，四通无阻。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833280804.png加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833795179.png（行进）将“彳”写成“辵”，加强“通行”含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833351444.png误将甲骨文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833518976.png写成“竹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833169473.png，同时加“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833586970.png（徉），表示可以徜徉通行。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833212035.png将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833268550.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833183217.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833658053.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833564818.png。篆文简体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833587654.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：形容词，人在大道上通行无阻。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833457487.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833564818.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833477934.png，将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833183217.png写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833266289.png。《汉字简化方案》采用的简化字形“达”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833752620.png恢复简体篆文字形。附一 文言版《説文解字》：逹，行不相遇也。从辵羍聲。《詩》曰：“挑兮達兮。”达，達或从大。或曰迭。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：逹，行路而不相遇。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“羍”作声旁。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“往来相见。”“达”，这是“達”的异体字，字形采用“大”作边旁。有的说法认为，“达”即是“迭”。

24乎hū“乎”是“呼”的本字。乎，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044975879.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213104030910842.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044737732.png（于，号角）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213104036165925.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044797475.png（向上的“气”、或发出的响声），表示号角吹得紧急、响亮，表示危机来临，部落紧急“呼叫”。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213105509830167.gif承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032740664748.gif将金文字形中的“气”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032753879936.gif写成一撇两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032813273034.gif，将金文字形中的“于”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032802142757.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032822553990.gif。造字本义：动词，号角吹得紧急、响亮，代表部落的紧急“呼叫”。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032837695593.gif将篆文字形中一撇两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032813273034.gif写成一撇三点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032930722624.gif，将篆文字形中的“于”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032822553990.gif写成“丁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214032953146981.gif。当“乎”的“呼叫”本义消失后，篆文再加“口”另造“呼”代替。号角吹不出任何声音叫“亏”（表示完全缺乏中气）；号角吹得“嘘嘘”无力叫“兮”；号角高亢并紧急叫“乎”（“呼”，部落紧急招集的号角）；号角吹得音调悠长、稳定、没有起伏变化叫“平”（号音平直，表示平安无事，没有警情）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：乎，語之餘也。从兮，象聲上越揚之形也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：乎，语尾的叹词。字形采用“兮”作边旁，像声音向上越扬的形状。

25去qù去”是“却”的本字。去，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070620737923.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104750114842.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070627117288.gif（大，人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104750889168.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070634527070.gif（囗，聚邑），表示一个人跨步离开村邑。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070644417008.gif基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070705752534.gif将金文字形中的“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070726994209.gif（村邑）写成“凵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070739518973.gif（厶）。篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121065641370500.gif”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070330986427.gif在“去”的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070341991597.gif基础上加“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070359851940.gif（门），强调“出门远行”。造字本义：动词，离开住地，前往他方。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070427679701.gif误将篆文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070759351378.gif简写成了“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070541986067.gif；将篆文字形中的“凵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070739518973.gif写成“折”加“点”的“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/21/20201121070534509927.gif，至此“去”的字形中“大”（人）形消失，“囗”（邑）形消失。当“去”引申出“使人离开、使人消失”的含义后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104751156160.png再加“卩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104751200200.png（人）另造“却”代替。从本义看，“出”是离开本邑本营而他征；“去”是离开某一聚居区而至他乡。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：去，人相違也。从大，凵聲。凡去之屬皆从去。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：去，两人相背而行。字形采用“大”作边旁，采用“凵”作声旁。所有与去相关的字，都采用“去”作边旁。

26就jiù又，既是声旁也是形旁，表示“手”相关的动作，抓持、托举。就，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353383533.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353486772.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353668519.png（又，用手抓持、托举）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353517270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353590347.png（京，高层建筑），手在屋顶忙碌，表示高层建筑封顶完工。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353705035.png误将金文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353668519.png写成“尤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353466648.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353590347.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353476208.png。造字本义：动词，建成超高建筑物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353359769.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353476208.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353216685.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353466648.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104353251663.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：就，高也。从京，从尤。尤，異於凡也。data:image/png;base64,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，籒文就。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：就，往高楼去。字形采用“京、尤”会义。尤，表示异于一般。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文写法的“就”。

27之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”
作边旁。

28理lǐ里，既是声旁也是形旁，民居、作坊。理，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054345978.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054582366.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054586286.png（王，玉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054861878.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054566666.png（里，作坊），表示在作坊治玉。造字本义：动词，在作坊将山上挖来的璞石加工成美玉，使之成器，有形有款。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054218378.png继承篆文字形。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：理，治玉也。从玉，里聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：理，加工玉石。字形采用“玉”作边旁，采用“里”作声旁。

29故故，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853321716.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853775792.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853458331.png（古，作古，即老朽而自然死亡）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853813697.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853817303.png（攴，持械攻击），表示击杀老人。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853130784.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，人为结束老人垂死而痛苦的生命。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853815764.png将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853279122.png写成反文旁“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853173140.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：故，使爲之也。从攴，古聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：故，有意使它变成这样。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“古”作声旁。

理里，既是声旁也是形旁，民居、作坊。理，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054345978.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054582366.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054586286.png（王，玉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054861878.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054566666.png（里，作坊），表示在作坊治玉。造字本义：动词，在作坊将山上挖来的璞石加工成美玉，使之成器，有形有款。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111054218378.png继承篆文字形。附一 文言版《説文解字》：理，治玉也。从玉，里聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：理，加工玉石。字形采用“玉”作边旁，采用“里”作声旁。

30潜qián欠，既是声旁也是形旁，表示吸气。潛，古鈢字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817398545.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817184485.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817597557.png（水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817778193.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817201191.png（欠，吸气）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817778193.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817756130.png（曰，吐气），表示吸气后在水下慢慢吐气。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817498765.png增加一个“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817201191.png（吸气），并将金文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817201191.png写成“兂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817381329.png，用两个“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817417977.png强调“吸足气”。造字本义：动词，吸足气没入水下，靠憋气和缓缓吐气维持呼吸平衡。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817241271.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817918043.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817103553.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817204265.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817378313.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817321072.png依据类推简化规，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817645003.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020817448582.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：潛，涉水也。一曰藏也。一曰漢水爲潛。从水，朁聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：潜，徒步过河。一种说法认为，“潜”是藏身水底。另一说法认为，汉水被称为“潜”。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“朁”作声旁。

31居jū“居”是“毓（育）”的异体字。女，既是声旁也是形旁，表示孕妇。毓，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747181110.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747375563.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747880458.png（女，孕妇）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747808049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747297254.png（水，产妇的羊水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747808049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747278537.png（倒写的“子”，胎儿降生），表示胎儿伴随大量羊水排出母体。甲骨文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747175310.png用“母”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747561020.png代替“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747880458.png，强调产子为母。甲骨文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747110566.png将伴随羊水的胎儿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747165413.png省略成倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747689565.png。甲骨文异体字“居”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747254416.png写成“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747222563.png（母亲）与倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747487834.png（婴儿）会义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747756662.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747106516.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747214210.png误将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747254416.png中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747222563.png写成“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747676308.png，误将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747254416.png中倒字的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747487834.png写成“古”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747259235.png，导致本义线索消失。在古人眼里，妇女生育后安安定定在家里“坐月子”，最能体现“住家过日子”的本质，因此“居”从“生育”的本义引申出“住家过日子”的含义，又因此用“居”代替本义为“住家生活”的“凥”。造字本义：动词，妇女生育坐月子，安安定定在家里过日子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747182064.png将篆文字形中的“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747676308.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747445981.png，将篆文字形中的“古”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747259235.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747791936.png。
附　“凥”的字源解说：几，既是声旁也是形旁，表示小凳子。凥，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747476561.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747375563.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747317994.png（尸，坐着的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747808049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747879721.png（几，小凳子），表示坐在小凳子上。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747303316.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，坐在自家几凳上放松停歇，即呆在家里过日子，不在户外奔波。隶化后楷书书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747708225.png将篆文字形中的“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747676308.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747975675.png，将篆文字形中的“几”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747988393.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747744741.png。由于“凥”与“居”在字形、字义上相近，古籍多以“居”代替“凥”，而“凥”被偏废。　　
附一 文言版《説文解字》：居，蹲也。从尸古者，居从古。踞，俗居从足。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：居，蹲踞。字形采用“尸、古”会义，原因是蹲踞沿袭古代的习俗。踞，这是“居”的俗体字，采用“足”作边旁。


“居”的字义引申
我评引申线索：




32抱bào包，既是声旁也是形旁，表示裹住。抱，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015885416.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015858305.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015531835.png（手）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015983424.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015651934.png（包，裹），造字本义：动词，用双臂将对方整个身体包揽。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015541223.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015531835.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015818667.png，失去五指形象，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015651934.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024015176276.png。“搂”，双方相拥；“抱”，将整个身体揽在双臂之间。附一 文言版《説文解字》：捊，引取也。从手，孚聲。抱，捊或从包。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：捊，拉抱孩子。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“孚”作声旁。抱，这是“捊”的异体字，采用“包”作声旁。

33道dào“道”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 2.33分


“道”是“導”（导）的本字。道，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836894167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836554347.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836133938.png（行，四通的大路）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836372092.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png（人，行者），表示一个人行走在路上。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836258017.png用“首”和“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png代替甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png，“首”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836280016.png表示动脑筋；“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png表示行走，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png表示且思且行。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836102632.png用“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png（抓）代替“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png（行走），表示牵拉引路。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836888275.png用由“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836705741.png（抓）、“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836350364.png（抓）、“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png（说明）构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836700412.png代替https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836661219.png，强调“牵引、说明、向导”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836506414.png综合金文字形，省去“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png和“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png。造字本义：动词，向导、带路，给不知方向的人引路。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836389770.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836456657.png写成“走之底””https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836339143.png；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836387940.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836820568.png。当“道”的“向导”本义消失后，篆文再加“寸”另造“導”代替。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：道，所行道也。从辵，从首。一達謂之道。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：道，人们所走的路。字形采用“辵、首”会义。直达的大路叫作“道”

34以yǐ㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一 文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

35待dài待，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834981471.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834619957.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834228630.png（彳，前行）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834936746.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834940209.png（寺，持），表示有所持而前往。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834194892.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，持礼前往，表达敬意。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834773625.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834700151.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834628298.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834928681.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105834767582.png。   附一 文言版《説文解字》：待，竢也。从彳，寺聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：待，等着。字形采用“彳”作边旁，“寺”作声旁。

36其qí“其”是“箕”的本字。其，简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/28/20200328115951491361.gif是象形字，字形像有两个提手的盛具https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120102431404.gif，盛具由竹篾交错编织https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120219501696.gif而成，是“箕”的本字。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120541846233.gif、简体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120645913600.gif承续简体甲骨文字形。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gif加“廾”写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016451334.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif（竹制盛具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016818280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif（廾，双手持举），表示手持簸箕，在风中扬去谷物的皮壳，三点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120527517250.gif表示簸箕https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif上方飘飞的皮壳糠屑。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120711421933.gif误将繁体甲骨文字形中的“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif连写成“丌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif。有的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120736489164.gif误将本该写成“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif写成一横两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120751977244.gif。繁体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120837410166.gif承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：名词，竹篾编织成的开口簸箕，是农家的轻便盛具，可用于舂谷时颠簸扬糠。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120929550519.gif将篆文字形中的竹框“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120916623977.gif、与“廾”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120922228454.gif上部的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120808859206.gif所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121230279523.gif，连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121238285948.gif，导致字形费解。当“其”的本义消失后，甲骨文再加“筐”另造“箕”代替。 附一 文言版《説文解字》：箕，簸也。从竹、data:image/png;base64,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，象形，下其丌也。data:image/png;base64,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，古文箕省。其，籀文箕。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：其，箕簸。字形采用“竹、data:image/png;base64,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”会义，象形，下部是箕脚丌。data:image/png;base64,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，古文的写法是“箕”省略“竹”。其，就是籀文写法的“箕”字。

37时
shí止，既是声旁也是形旁，是“趾”的本字，表示行进。時，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143520089.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143764170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090352342625.gif（止，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143563386.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143363050.png（日，太阳），表示太阳运行。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143226800.png将甲骨文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090352342625.gif（趾）写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143226800.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143629064.png承续金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090852720191.gif将籀文字形的上下结构调整成左右结构，并加“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428010159461343.gif（抓持），表示力图抓住易逝的光阴。造字本义：名词，太阳运行的节奏，季节。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143993975.png将篆文字形中的“寺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427091144101454.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143395355.png，将篆文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427091044628444.gif（趾）写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143219863.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“时”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143718504.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143216774.png删减字件“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143219863.png，将正体楷书字形中的“寺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143395355.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143440102.png。四季为“时”；一天为“日”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：時，四時也。从日，寺聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：时，四季。字形采用“日”作边旁，采用“寺”作声旁。
3.贤人君子，明于盛衰之道，通乎成败之数，审乎治乱之势，达乎去就之理。故潜居抱道以待其时。直译：具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣和文治天下的智慧首领，日光或月光将空间照亮于国力强大，帝业达到顶峰及退化的道。人在武力征服，称霸一方和敲破尊鼎或宝贝，损毁家当的大道上通行无阻。古代中原人将敌对的西北少数民族俘虏关在密室，问讯、详细盘查，以获取详细敌情，开凿水道，修筑堤坝，疏水防洪，理清织机上混杂无序的丝线。强力拘捕。人在大道上通行无阻，离开住地，前往他方，两人相背而行和建成超高建筑物。在作坊将山上挖来的璞石加工成美玉，使之成器，有形有款。有意使它变成这样，吸足气没入水下，靠憋气和缓缓吐气维持呼吸平衡。妇女生育坐月子，安安定定在家里过日子。用双臂将对方整个身体包揽。给不知方向的人引路。母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。持礼前往，表达敬意。手持簸箕，在风中扬去谷物的皮壳太阳运行的节奏，季节。翻译：可以辅佐君王，统治天下的人明白国力强大及退化的自然之道（盛衰皆本于道。世有道则盛，世无道则衰。）通晓成败之运数。详细盘查，以获取详细敌情对形势，进行周密的推演和计算。这个国家能不能治，这时候已经胸有成竹。如果判断它可以治，而且自己一定能成功，在操作层面上也没有不可抗力。这就可以去任职辅佐君王治国理政。反之，则隐而不仕。使自己用双臂抱着自然之道，与道形神相传，持礼等待时机蓄势待发。（抱道修行等待时机顺应天时。）4简单心得：贤人君子做事都是有道可寻的，不是乱来的，顺应天道。真正能让圣人立功立事的力量，是借用的天地人之力。天人合发，万化定基。 5吟诵已经发群里。

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-13 09:28:04

本帖最后由 睿涵 于 2021-1-13 22:44 编辑

1.13.若时至而行，则能极人臣之位；得机而动，则能成绝代之功。
如其不遇，没身而已。
一，二查字正音。
1若ruò“若”的字源解说 我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分网友总评： 2.5分
“”是“若”的本字；“若”是“喏”的本字；而“诺”是“喏”的异体字。，甲骨文是象形字，字形像长发柔顺的人，一手持梳（匕）、一手扶发（又），梳理头发，显示女子特有的柔顺形象特征。有的甲骨文将柔顺飘扬的头发形象写成“屮”状的，省去表示梳子的“匕”。金文承续甲骨文字形。繁体金文“若”加“口”写成会义字：（，整理长发的柔顺女子）（口，应答），表示女子顺从应答。篆文误将金文字形中表示长发的“屮”写成“艸”，将金文字形中的双手“廾”简化一只手“又”，字形面目全非。造字本义：动词，女子顺从答应。隶书将篆文字形中的“艸”写成草字头“艹”，将篆文字形中的“又”写成。当“若”的“顺从答应”本义消失后，再加“口”另造“喏”代替；或再加“言”另造“诺”代替。当“若”从动词“像、有如、与……一致”引申出代词“如此，这样，这么，那么”后，俗体隶书加“人”另造“偌”代替。

附一 文言版《説文解字》：若，擇菜也。从艸右。右，手也。一曰杜若，香艸。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：若，择捡菜蔬。字形采用“艸、右”会义，“右”表示与“手”有关。另一种说法认为，“若”是“杜若”，是一种香草
2时shí止，既是声旁也是形旁，是“趾”的本字，表示行进。時，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143520089.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143764170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090352342625.gif（止，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143563386.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143363050.png（日，太阳），表示太阳运行。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143226800.png将甲骨文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090352342625.gif（趾）写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143226800.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143629064.png承续金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090852720191.gif将籀文字形的上下结构调整成左右结构，并加“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428010159461343.gif（抓持），表示力图抓住易逝的光阴。造字本义：名词，太阳运行的节奏，季节。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143993975.png将篆文字形中的“寺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427091144101454.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143395355.png，将篆文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427091044628444.gif（趾）写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143219863.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“时”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143718504.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143216774.png删减字件“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143219863.png，将正体楷书字形中的“寺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143395355.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143440102.png。四季为“时”；一天为“日”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：時，四時也。从日，寺聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：时，四季。字形采用“日”作边旁，采用“寺”作声旁。

3至zhì“至”是“到”和“倒”的本字。至，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743911184.png是指事字，字形在倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743506791.png下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743110543.png，表示地板或床铺，“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743447905.png表示站立的人，倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743506791.png表示倒卧的人，所以“至”的整个字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743911184.png表示一个人倒在床上，叉腿而卧。对远古狩猎时代整日奔波的男子来说，回到家中就意味着可以安全躺下、放松休息。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743551566.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743454480.png用“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743733806.png代替表示地面的一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743634569.png，明确了“地板”（地铺）的含义。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743818307.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743454480.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743885084.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743551566.png。造字本义：动词，回到家里，躺下休息。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743674670.png将篆文字形中倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743103385.png写成不知云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743371846.png。当“至”的“到家”本义消失后，再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743237041.png另造“到”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743179044.png代替。篆文的“到”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743682217.png误将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743237041.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743123225.png。当“到”的“到家”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“倒”代替。附一 文言版《説文解字》：至，鳥飛从高下至地也。从一，一猶地也。象形。不，上去；而至，下來也。凡至之屬皆从至。data:image/png;base64,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，古文至。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：至，鸟从高处飞落到地面。字形用“一”作边旁，“一”好像地面。字形像鸟从高处飞落到地面。“不”，是鸟飞向高处；而“至”，则是鸟从高处飞下来。所有与至相关的字，都采用“至”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“至”。

4而ér“而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边旁。

5行xíng行（háng），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856999838.png是象形字，字形像四通八达的十字路口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856131419.png将十字路口形状的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png误写成正反两个“双人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856160305.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856598545.png，失去路口形象。造字本义：名词，纵横畅通的十字路口。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856343815.png一定程度上恢复金文字形。从甲骨文、金文字形看，“行”的左右两边“彳”、“亍”，应该被称作“左行旁”、“右行旁”，而不是“双人旁”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：行，人之步趨也。从彳，从亍。凡行之屬皆从行。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：行，人们在路上行走或小跑。字形采用“彳、亍”会义。所有与行相关的字，都采用“行”作边旁。

6则zé“則”是“鍘”的本字。則，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031156370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031619693.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031182653.png（鼎，经久的青铜器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031102099.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031617297.png（刀，刻镂），表示用刀在金属器皿上刻镂。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031744049.png将甲骨文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031722724.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031563087.png误将金文字形中的“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031722724.png写成“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031634052.png。造字本义：动词，古人将法律条文及其他重要记录刻铸在青铜钟鼎上，以便久存流传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031765840.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031634052.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031573909.png，将篆文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031222190.png写成“立刀旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031152621.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“则”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031991636.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031573909.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031541221.png。当“則”的“刻铸”本义消失后，篆文再加“金”另造“鍘”代替。附一 文言版《説文解字》：則，等畫物也。从刀，从貝。貝，古之物貨也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：则：均等划分财物。字形采用“刀、贝”会义。贝，是古代表示财物的符号。

7能néng“能”是“熊”的本字。能，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414179974.png像大型动物，字形突出了它的大嘴和利爪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414838871.png。造字本义：名词，体形庞大但善于爬树的熊。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414254991.png突出了圆头、大口利齿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414459051.png、利爪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414793129.png的特征。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414792020.png将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414254991.png分离成四个字件。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414735855.png将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414792020.png中的熊头和大嘴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414459051.png写成“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414974073.png和“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414105065.png。隶书将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414974073.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414957640.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414296547.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414763789.png。当“能”的熊本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414677718.png再加“火”另造“熊”代替。附一 文言版《説文解字》：能，熊屬。足似鹿。从肉，㠯聲。能獸堅中，故稱賢能；而彊壯，稱能傑也。凡能之屬皆从能。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：能，熊属。足形似鹿。字形采用“肉”作边旁，“㠯”作声旁。能（熊）是兽的中坚，因此称贤者为“能”；而强壮者，则称为“能杰”。所有与能相关的字，都采用“能”作边旁。

8极jí及，既是声旁也是形旁，表示抓住。极，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514752379.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514711785.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514744534.png（木，械具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514987690.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514744515.png（及，抓住），表示起控制作用的器械。造字本义：名词，绑在马背或驴背上的木架子，方便载物或插、挂物件。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514277176.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514744534.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514631640.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514744515.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514908817.png。古籍有时假借“极”代替同音的“極”。《汉字简化方案》用“极”合并简化“極”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：极，驢上負也。从木，及聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：极，绑驴背上用以载物的木架。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“及”作声旁。

9人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一 文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

10臣chén“臣”是象形字，是“目”的变形。臣，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613209459.png像一只眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613742060.png向下看，表示俯首下视。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613281868.png有所变形，突出了眼珠的球状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613280586.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613754899.png淡化了“目”形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613593398.png将金文字形中的眼形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613981527.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613422609.png，更深地淡化“目”形。造字本义：动词，俯首下视，屈服听命。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613492195.png基本继承篆文字形，“目”形基本消失。附一 文言版《説文解字》：臣，牽也。事君也。象屈服之形。凡臣之屬皆从臣。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：臣，被牵拉。表示侍奉君王。字形像一个人屈服之形。所有与臣相关的字，都采用“臣”作边旁

11之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

12位wèi“立”是“位”的本字。立，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740482341.png是指事字，字形在“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740482332.png（人）的下面加一横代表地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740103256.png，表示一个人规矩地站在地上。当“立”的“规规矩矩地站着”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740469469.png再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740561656.png另造“位”，用以区别一般的站立。造字本义：动词，上朝时臣相们依官阶高低肃立。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740718356.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740561656.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740716440.png，将篆文字形中的“立”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740124285.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104740569012.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：位，列中庭之左右謂之位。从人立。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：位，宫中群臣排列在朝庭的左右两边叫作“位”。字形采用“人、立”会义。

13得dé得，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836957414.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836359904.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836699801.png（手，拾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836929251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836378452.png（贝，最原始货币），表示拾贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836461451.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836135386.png（行进），表示古代中原人长途跋涉到湖海之滨寻觅和拾捡贝壳。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836112131.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836775386.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836675991.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png，同时误将籀文字形中的的“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836244183.png写成“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836499763.png。造字本义：动词，捡到贝壳，喜获财富。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836567423.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836158708.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836786586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836802651.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：得，行有所得也。从彳，㝵聲。䙷，古文省彳。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：得，远行探索而有所获。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“㝵”作声旁。䙷，这是古文写法的“得”字，省略了“彳”

13机jī几，既是形旁也是声旁，表示凳子。机，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021525784553.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021525333485.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021525137195.png（木，树）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021525507056.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021525172559.png（几，凳子），表示做凳子的树木。造字本义：名词，做凳子的条木。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021525939931.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021525137195.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021525253131.png。《汉字简化方案》用“机”合并简化“機”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：机，机木。从木，几声。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：机，作凳子的条木。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“几”作声旁。

14而ér“而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边旁。

15动dòng动（動），金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153616330.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153117322.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153501703.png（被刺瞎眼睛的男奴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153493387.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153205207.png（重，大包袱），表示男奴负重驮物。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153333030.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153117322.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153322240.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153493387.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153205207.png（重，包袱），突出负重行进的“运输”主题。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153634602.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153117322.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153130144.png（重，包袱）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153493387.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153149646.png（力），强调使用体力。造字本义：动词，使用体力，负重劳作。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153612310.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153130144.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153517535.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153149646.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153156592.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“动”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153422028.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“重”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153517535.png简化成“云”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024153952728.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：動，作也。从力，重聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文动从辵。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：动，起身作事。字形采用“力”作边旁，采用“重”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“动”，采用“辵”作边旁。

16成chéng成，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558226042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558470511.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558381282.png（戊，大钺，战具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558305032.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png（囗，城邑），钺在城上，表示武力征服一邑一地。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558753551.png将城邑“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png写成一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558170712.png，表示征战结束。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558343412.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558626039.png将金文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558961242.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558436114.png。造字本义：动词，武力征服，称霸一方。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558191869.png的“戌”形淡化。附一 文言版《説文解字》：成，就也。从戊，丁聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文成从午。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：成，实现，完成。字形采用“戊”作边旁，采用“丁”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“成”，采用“午”作声旁。

17绝jué絕，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140561214.png是指事字，在两缕丝线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140703935.png的中间各加一短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140277715.png，表示将丝线割成两段。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140702232.png则在两组丝线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140765333.png之间加一把刀https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140734062.png，明确表示用刀割断丝缕。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140556771.png承续金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140921367.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140123918.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140558955.png（丝，丝线）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140679431.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140809937.png（刀，割）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140679431.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140791684.png（卩，人），表示用刀割断丝缕。造字本义：动词，将丝线切断。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140270542.png将篆文字形中的“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140558955.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140972413.png；误将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140961233.png（刀 人）写成“色”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140430239.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“绝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140100738.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140972413.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140971927.png。“断”是将物体截成两段；“绝”是将丝线切成两段；“继”是将断丝相连接；“续”是传承祖业家宝。附一 文言版《説文解字》：絕，斷絲也。从糸，从刀，从卩。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAQAQMAAAAVsXwDAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo2NkM3OUM3M0Y2MzgxMUU5OUVCQkQ5NUIwMTkwNjhCNCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo2NkM3OUM3NEY2MzgxMUU5OUVCQkQ5NUIwMTkwNkI0Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NjZDNzlDMUY2MzgxMUU5OUVCQkQ5NUIwMTkwNjhCNCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo2Njc5QzcyRjYzODExRTk5RUJCRDk1QjAxOTA2OEI0Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDptcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAh7QIugAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACRJREFUGNNjuHuAYW8DQ1cDw40GhrUNDB0NDO8aGIDgbgNWcQDFgxF/nRzrcAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==，古文絶。象不连體，絶二絲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：绝，切断丝线。字形采用“糸、刀、卩”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“绝”，字形像丝线不连贯的形体，像切断了两束丝线。

18代dài弋，既是声旁也是形旁，表示系绳、可循环利用的箭。代，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600253925.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600972966.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600597347.png（人，士兵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600808426.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600933013.png（弋，系绳、可循环利用的箭），比喻士兵轮替戍边。造字本义：动词，军队轮替戍边。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600461463.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600597347.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600409309.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600933013.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600672633.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：代，更也。从人，弋聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：代，更替。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“弋”作声旁。

19之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

20功gōng工，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巧妙用力的器械。功，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148686314.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148215869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148506664.png（工，巧具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148612864.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png（力，使劲），表示利用器械，巧妙发力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148702673.png将金文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png。造字本义：动词，运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148707230.png将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148674042.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：功，以勞定國也。从力，从工，工亦聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：功，费心费力，使国家安宁。字形采用“力、工”会义，“工”也作声旁。

21如rú女，既是声旁也是形旁，表示女性，人类的雌性。如，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931228783.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931634333.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931997813.png（口，应答）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931392503.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931510011.png（女，女性），表示女子应答。包容、顺从的“随性”是女性突出的性格特征之一，在男权时代被视为女性的美德。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931691903.png以“每”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931477224.png代“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931510011.png，表示“如”的“母性”特征。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931684899.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931494358.png承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931228783.png。造字本义：动词，妇女唯唯诺诺，包容顺随。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931441822.png将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931521749.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104931496290.png。“如”由“包容顺随”引申出“往、到”含义，古人称可以到达无限将来的永恒之神为“如来”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：如，从隨也。从女，从口。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：如，依从顺随。字形采用“女、口”会义。

21其qí“其”是“箕”的本字。其，简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/28/20200328115951491361.gif是象形字，字形像有两个提手的盛具https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120102431404.gif，盛具由竹篾交错编织https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120219501696.gif而成，是“箕”的本字。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120541846233.gif、简体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120645913600.gif承续简体甲骨文字形。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gif加“廾”写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016451334.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif（竹制盛具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016818280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif（廾，双手持举），表示手持簸箕，在风中扬去谷物的皮壳，三点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120527517250.gif表示簸箕https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif上方飘飞的皮壳糠屑。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120711421933.gif误将繁体甲骨文字形中的“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif连写成“丌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif。有的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120736489164.gif误将本该写成“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif写成一横两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120751977244.gif。繁体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120837410166.gif承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：名词，竹篾编织成的开口簸箕，是农家的轻便盛具，可用于舂谷时颠簸扬糠。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120929550519.gif将篆文字形中的竹框“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120916623977.gif、与“廾”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120922228454.gif上部的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120808859206.gif所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121230279523.gif，连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121238285948.gif，导致字形费解。当“其”的本义消失后，甲骨文再加“筐”另造“箕”代替。 附一 文言版《説文解字》：箕，簸也。从竹、data:image/png;base64,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，象形，下其丌也。data:image/png;base64,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，古文箕省。其，籀文箕。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：其，箕簸。字形采用“竹、data:image/png;base64,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”会义，象形，下部是箕脚丌。data:image/png;base64,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，古文的写法是“箕”省略“竹”。其，就是籀文写法的“箕”字。

22不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

23遇yù寓，既是声旁也是形旁，表示古代贵族娱乐休闲的居所。遇，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136761271.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136917498.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136139335.png（寓，居所）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136575004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136440841.png（辵，前行）。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136245540.png省去“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136400808.png（居所）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136416485.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136245540.png。造字本义：动词，客人未经邀约而到访。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136599266.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136158938.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136899984.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136686352.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111136156085.png。古人称路途相见为“遭”；称未经邀约的到访为“遇”；称在地界上相见为“逢”；称意外相见为“邂”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：遇，逢也。从辵，禺聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：遇，意外相逢。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“禺”作声旁。

24没mò没，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749283852.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749263071.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749919842.png（水，河川）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749234008.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749296977.png（回，即“洄”，漩窝）。造字本义：动词，被漩窝卷入水底淹毙。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749712392.png省去“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749919842.png加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749466265.png（手），表示被淹于漩窝中的人挥手挣扎。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749454048.png将金文与籀文的字形相结合。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749724157.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749317101.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749699101.png；将篆文字形中的漩窝https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749898772.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749533629.png或https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749787608.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：没，沈也。从水，从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAPAQMAAAAF7dc0AAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBQkVEOUNCM0ZBMjkxMUU5QTVBODhBNUI1MEZFRjJDQSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQkVEOUNCNEZBMjkxMUU5QTVBODhBNUI1MEZFRkNBIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QkVEOUNCMUZBMjkxMUU5QTVBODhBNUI1MEZFRjJDQSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQkVEOUMyRkEyOTExRTlBNUE4OEE1QjUwRkVGMkNBIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEADpqzOwAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAADBJREFUGNNjaJBg2H+DYUEEw/oIMAlm///BcMCC4fsOhu8VDL9+MPz9wfCpgoG/AQCe2xOTyaY97gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：没，下沉。字形采用“水、data:image/png;base64,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”会义。

25身shēn“身”与“孕”本同源，后分化。身，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747167470.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747175869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747812260.png（腹部隆起的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747180971.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747895847.png（被包裹在里面的“子”，即胎儿），表示妇女腹部隆起，怀胎孕子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747262414.png用“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747990714.png代替“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747127283.png，强调妇女怀孕。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747568584.png写成指事字：在隆起的腹部https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747452974.png内加一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747721126.png，表示怀孕。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747335214.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747175869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747650176.png（孕妇）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747180971.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747837244.png（十，是“又”的变形，用手抓），表示孕妇手抚腹部，或用手托着大肚子，减轻沉甸甸的肚子给身体的负担。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747216907.png将金文字形中的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747837244.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747702884.png。造字本义：动词，妇女腹部隆起，怀胎孕子。隶化后的楷书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747871589.png中，篆文的“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747252850.png消失。当“身”的动词“怀孕”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747218005.png将甲骨文字形中的的包围结构调整上下结构，另造“孕”代替。在甲骨文里，半圆在“人”的前部为“身”（孕）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747148320.png；半圆在“人”的后部为“臀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747699383.png；半圆在“又”（手臂）的下方为“肱”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747847927.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：身，躳也。象人之身。从人，厂聲。凡身之屬皆从身。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：身，躯体。像人的身体。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“厂”作声旁。所有与身相关的字，都采用“身”作边旁。

26而ér“而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边旁。

27已yǐ“已”与“了”同源，篆文写作https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726705139.png，与胎儿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726340154.png的头部位置相反，表示出生了的胎儿——胎儿头朝下，胎儿出生后头朝上。造字本义：动词，胎儿出生了。

三翻译1.13翻译：如果时机成熟了就行动，便可达到群臣之首的位置。顺应天机而动，立下绝世之功。如果都没有遇到成熟的时机，宁可过隐藏自己才华的生活，唯有终身潜居抱道，传道给后人。不会因为逆天而行，导致功败身死道消。

简单心得：这样的修道的圣人，才是真正通天道，真正的懂道，真正能天人合一。

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-14 11:01:24

本帖最后由 睿涵 于 2021-1-14 22:53 编辑

1.14.今天任务：

结合本章前面的内容，读完本章最后一句，并尝试在心得中概括本章。

是以其道足高，而名重于后代。一二，查字正音。
1.是shì“是”是“昰”的异体字。止，既是声旁也是形旁，是“趾”的本字，表示脚趾。昰，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510082609248183.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015145211575.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015145660679.png（日，太阳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015145378739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510084242830611.gif（又，即“手”的变形）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015145378739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015145725187.png（止，即“趾”，脚），表示太阳直射，时至夏至，人们手脚并用进入夏季农忙。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510084622752661.gif弱化“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510084242830611.gif的字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510084755880712.gif将金文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510084242830611.gif简化成一横，将金文字形中由“又”和“止”构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015145922777.png简化成“正”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015145758960.png，表示太阳在头顶正上方。夏至是夏历法则中的重要节令：夏至即入夏农忙的恰当起始日。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/21/20200121105323449024.gif将篆文字形中的“正”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015145758960.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/21/20200121105333558761.gif。隶书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510084032936077.gif将“正”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/21/20200121105333558761.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510083830618435.gif。造字本义：动词，夏至，太阳当头，适宜农务。古籍多以“是”代替“昰”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：是，直也。从日、正。凡是之屬皆从是。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：是，太阳直射。字形由“日、正”会义。所有与是相关的字，都采用“是”作边旁。

2以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　
附一 文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

3其qí“其”是“箕”的本字。其，简体甲骨文是象形字，字形像有两个提手的盛具，盛具由竹篾交错编织而成，是“箕”的本字。简体金文、简体篆文承续简体甲骨文字形。繁体甲骨文加“廾”写成会义字：（竹制盛具）（廾，双手持举），表示手持簸箕，在风中扬去谷物的皮壳，三点指事符号表示簸箕上方飘飞的皮壳糠屑。繁体金文误将繁体甲骨文字形中的“廾”连写成“丌”。有的繁体金文误将本该写成“廾”写成一横两点的。繁体篆文承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：名词，竹篾编织成的开口簸箕，是农家的轻便盛具，可用于舂谷时颠簸扬糠。隶化后楷书将篆文字形中的竹框“”、与“廾”字上部的一横所构成的，连写成，导致字形费解。当“其”的本义消失后，甲骨文再加“筐”另造“箕”代替。

附一 文言版《説文解字》：箕，簸也。从竹、，象形，下其丌也。，古文箕省。其，籀文箕。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：其，箕簸。字形采用“竹、”会义，象形，下部是箕脚丌。，古文的写法是“箕”省略“竹”。其，就是籀文写法的“箕”字。
4道dào“道”是“導”（导）的本字。道，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836894167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836554347.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836133938.png（行，四通的大路）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836372092.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png（人，行者），表示一个人行走在路上。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836258017.png用“首”和“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png代替甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png，“首”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836280016.png表示动脑筋；“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png表示行走，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png表示且思且行。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836102632.png用“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png（抓）代替“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png（行走），表示牵拉引路。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836888275.png用由“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836705741.png（抓）、“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836350364.png（抓）、“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png（说明）构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836700412.png代替https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836661219.png，强调“牵引、说明、向导”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836506414.png综合金文字形，省去“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png和“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png。造字本义：动词，向导、带路，给不知方向的人引路。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836389770.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836456657.png写成“走之底””https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836339143.png；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836387940.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836820568.png。当“道”的“向导”本义消失后，篆文再加“寸”另造“導”代替。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：道，所行道也。从辵，从首。一達謂之道。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：道，人们所走的路。字形采用“辵、首”会义。直达的大路叫作“道”。

5足zú甲骨文中“正”（即“征”的本字）与“足”本是同一个字，后被转注成两个字。足，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143550051.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143148196.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143642433.png（囗，村邑或部落）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143291171.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143722941.png（止，行军），表示军队归邑。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143530720.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143242886.png承续甲骨文字形。因为“疋”（脚，名词）篆文的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143442455.png与“足”（凯旋归邑，动词）的篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143242886.png相似，后人习惯于以“足”字代替本义完全不同的“疋”字，“疋”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143343348.png像由大腿小腿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143327320.png、脚板https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143373229.png构成的脚部。造字本义：名词，出征得胜，凯旋归邑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143145610.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143612796.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143400895.png。古人称得胜凯旋为“足”，称征而无获为“乏”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：足，人之足也。在下。从止口。凡足之屬皆从足。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：足，人的下肢，在人体的下部。字形采用“止、口”会义。所有与足相关的字，都采用“足”作边旁。

6高gāo“高”、“京”、“亭”的甲骨文与金文字形相近，疑为同源。高，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836289533.png是象形字，字形像环形城墙https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836531539.png上的多层塔楼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836278679.png，用于瞭望预警的多层尖顶塔楼，下方的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836742712.png像城墙的门拱。简体甲骨文把多层的尖顶塔楼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836278679.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836849821.png、或https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836436120.png、或https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836367769.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836813740.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836269645.png将金文字形中的多层的尖顶塔楼形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836134458.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836874239.png。造字本义：名词，瞭望预警的多层楼台。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836590733.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836813740.png。简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836424560.png承续篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836269645.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：高，崇也。象臺觀高之形。从冂口。與倉、舍同意。凡高之屬皆从高。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：高，崇高。字形像台观建筑高耸的样子。字形采用“冂”作边旁。囗，与“仓”、“舍”字形下部的“囗”意思相同。所有与高相关的字，都采用“高”作边旁。

7而ér“而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边旁。

8名míng名，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255781003.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255986012.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255324017.png（口，叫喊）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255876199.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255133869.png（夕，黄昏、冥暮），表示天黑时呼叫孩子回家。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255122885.png将甲骨文的左右结构改成上下结构。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720022806725583.gif将甲骨文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255133869.png写成月牙形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720022820726217.gif；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720022851635159.gif将甲骨文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255133869.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720022843389414.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255512018.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，日落天黑，父母招唤孩子。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255992902.png将篆文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255121576.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255152288.png。古代有一定文化背景的男子，在成年后为自己的“名”作近义的“注解”补充或“说明”，叫作“字”；大部分底层百姓有“名”无“字”。在古代，父母对未成年子女在口头上的称呼叫作“名”，有如今日之“小名”与“昵称”，用于日常非正式社交场合，为贱称；https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255472558.png子女成年后为其设计的书面称呼叫“字”，有如今日之“大名”与“户籍名”，用于各种文件和正式社交场合，为尊称；“名”与“字”是同一对象的两个称呼，“字”是对“名”的解释或补充；今人所说的“名字”，相当于古人所说“字”。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255472558.png
附一 文言版《説文解字》：名，自命也。从口，从夕。夕者，冥也。冥不相見，故以口自名。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：名，自称。字形采用“口、夕”会义。夕，天黑。天黑了人们不相见，所以用嘴向别人说自己的名。

9重zhòng東，既是声旁也是形旁，表示行囊。重，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729356425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729965062.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729469603.png（人，旅者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729514339.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729655394.png（束，是“東”的简写，行囊），表示旅人背负行囊旅行。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729410133.png将左右结构写成混合结构，像行囊https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729438520.png落在了旅人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729838636.png的脚跟位置，强调脚跟所感受到的行囊的下沉份量。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729616693.png画出了旅人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729264025.png和行囊https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729160153.png之间的背带https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729670461.png，画出了脚板https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729598655.png，强调行囊对脚板的作用力。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729721125.png基本承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729410133.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729665909.png加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729995160.png，表示背负装土的筐子，双脚感受到的负担大。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729704796.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，肩扛背驮的沉甸甸的行囊。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729485354.png将篆文字形中“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729428082.png和“東”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729591873.png构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729523001.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729967324.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729458198.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729525744.png，导致“人”形、“東”形消失。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：重，厚也。从壬，東聲。凡重之屬皆从重。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：重，厚重。字形采用“壬”作边旁，采用“東”作声旁。所有与重相关的字，都采用“重”作边旁。

10于yú“于”是“竽”的本字。于，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930361270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930213683.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930734265.png（（于，即“竽”，竹管吹奏乐器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930696739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930371156.png（凹凸曲折），表示竽管乐音起伏迂回。在有柄的吹奏乐器“丂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930105886.png（参见“号”、“可”）的手柄部位加一横，表示手握乐器；凹凸曲折的符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930895137.png，表示乐音婉转起伏。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930257458.png省去凹凸起伏的符号。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930473704.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930764121.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930192415.png有所变形。造字本义：名词，婉转起伏的竽管乐音。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930791472.png恢复简体金文字形。当“于”的“竹笛”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930321912.png再加“竹”另造“竽”代替。由于“于”（男女新婚仪式上必备的音乐演奏）与“於”（成双成对的鸟儿比翼齐飞）读音相同，而且含义存在内在关联，古人于是有时假借“于”代替“於”。《汉字简化方案》用“于”合并代替“於”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：于，於也，象气之舒亏。从丂，从一。一者，其气平之也。凡亏之屬皆從亏。今變隸作于。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：于，即“於”，像气息的舒张与亏缺。字形采用“丂、一”会义。“一”代替气息平缓。所有与亏相关的字，都采用“亏”作边旁。现今“於”简化写作“于”。

11后hòu“司”与“后”本同源，后分化。口，既是声旁也是形旁，表示嘴巴，发音、说话的器官。后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822929950.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822833846.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822880752.png（卜，权杖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822122224.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822124534.png（口，嘴巴，借代号令、命令），表示发号施令的最高权力者。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822266207.png将甲骨文字形中的写成。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822697620.png承续金文字形。卜辞中有的甲骨文以“毓”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822354943.png代“后”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822929950.png，表示生育能力强的妇女。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822546111.png将“后”成“反司”，以区别于一般意义上的掌权者“司”。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822987091.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822461281.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822681413.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，生殖崇拜的母系氏族时代发号施令的女王。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822526710.png继承篆文字形。《汉字简化方案》用“后”合并代替“後”。在生殖崇拜的母系时代，社会最高权力者为智慧而生殖力强的妇女“后”；进入父系社会后，最高权力掌握在能征善战的男性手里，“后”的地位由女王下降为第一女性。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：后，繼體君也。象人之形。施令以告四方，故⺁之。从一口，發令者，君后也。凡后之屬皆从后。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：后，继承王位的君主。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo0MDM4MTQyM0Y4MDYxMUU5ODlGN0M5MDZFMTlFNjk3RCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo0MDM4MTQyNEY4MDYxMUU5ODlGN0M5MDZFMTlFNjdEIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NDAzODE0MkY4MDYxMUU5ODlGN0M5MDZFMTlFNjk3RCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRkOjQwMzgxNDIyRjgwNjExRTk4OUY3QzkwNkUxOUU2OTdEIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBAMK3GBIAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAdSURBVBjTY/jfwXCgguH+DxA6wABlIKP9YFT/AwDX9xcdtBooIQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==象人之形。发布号令通告天下四方，所以广布。字形采用“一、口”会义，发号施令者，就是君王之后。所有与后相关的字，都采用“后”作边旁。

12代dài弋，既是声旁也是形旁，表示系绳、可循环利用的箭。代，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600253925.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600972966.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600597347.png（人，士兵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600808426.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600933013.png（弋，系绳、可循环利用的箭），比喻士兵轮替戍边。造字本义：动词，军队轮替戍边。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600461463.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600597347.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600409309.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600933013.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104600672633.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：代，更也。从人，弋聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：代，更替。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“弋”作声旁。三翻译   是以其道足高，而名重于后代。直译：   夏至，太阳当头，适宜农务.用 母子脐带相连，形神特征相传给不知方向的人引路，出征得胜，凯旋归邑。瞭望预警的多层楼台。而日落天黑，父母招唤孩子。肩扛背驮的沉甸甸的行囊婉转起伏的竽管乐音。生殖崇拜的母系氏族时代发号施令的女王。军队轮替戍边。翻译：   是用母子脐带相连形神特征相传来给不知方向的人引路，出征得胜，瞭望预警的多层楼台。而其名传给像军队轮替戍边般一茬一茬的后代那里。川流不息。永世流传。四简单心得：贤人君子活得如此之素，活得不累且会造福后代。五吟诵已经发群里。六第一章梳理。梳理：道德仁义礼，五者为一体。是为人之本。人拥有这五者，才可能达到明于盛衰之道，通乎成败之数，审乎治乱之势，达乎去就之理的境界。观天之道，执天之行。无论是时至而行，还是得机而动，还是如其不遇，最终都可达到传道于后代。

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-15 12:26:22

本帖最后由 睿涵 于 2021-1-15 23:51 编辑

1.15.今天任务：
第二章 正道

德足以怀远，信足以一异，义足以得众，才足以鉴古，明足以照下，此人之俊也。
行足以为仪表，智足以决嫌疑，信可以使守约，廉可以使分财，此人之豪也。
一，二，查字正音。
1德彳，既是声旁也是形旁，是“得”的省略，表示获取、获得。德，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041257745545.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837225440.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png（彳，即“得”的省略，获取、获得）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837866515.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif（直，正而不邪，正派），表示得之正直，获之坦荡。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041240894493.gif用“行”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710110159217942.gif代替“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041336410940.gif将甲骨文字形中的“直”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041354584923.gif。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041406537278.gif加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif，强调“获之坦荡、问心无愧”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041422113657.gif将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710111040240035.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112334167420.gif，将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112410276781.gif。造字本义：动词，正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105542901804.gif将篆文字形中的“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105641705926.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105554263876.gif，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041605448899.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105604977998.gif。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。古籍中“德”与“得”有时因同音而相互假借。附一 文言版《説文解字》：德，升也。从彳，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：德，境界因善行而升华。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

2足zú甲骨文中“正”（即“征”的本字）与“足”本是同一个字，后被转注成两个字。足，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143550051.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143148196.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143642433.png（囗，村邑或部落）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143291171.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143722941.png（止，行军），表示军队归邑。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143530720.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143242886.png承续甲骨文字形。因为“疋”（脚，名词）篆文的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143442455.png与“足”（凯旋归邑，动词）的篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143242886.png相似，后人习惯于以“足”字代替本义完全不同的“疋”字，“疋”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143343348.png像由大腿小腿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143327320.png、脚板https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143373229.png构成的脚部。造字本义：名词，出征得胜，凯旋归邑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143145610.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143612796.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143400895.png。古人称得胜凯旋为“足”，称征而无获为“乏”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：足，人之足也。在下。从止口。凡足之屬皆从足。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：足，人的下肢，在人体的下部。字形采用“止、口”会义。所有与足相关的字，都采用“足”作边旁。

3以“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一 文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

4怀“褱”是“懷”的本字。褱，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218714823.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218596991.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218540802.png（衣，胸襟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218152959.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218734004.png（眔，流泪），表示将哭泣流泪的孩子抱在胸前，以示爱护与安慰。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218806446.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218540802.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218537562.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218734004.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218754752.png。当“褱”作为单纯字件后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218720085.png再加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218194588.png（慰藉）另造“懷”代替，强调大人慰藉伤心的幼儿。造字本义：动词，父母将伤心哭泣的幼儿抱在胸前加以安慰。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218795890.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218194588.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218125466.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218922520.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218635983.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218325772.png将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218635983.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218651675.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“怀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218638376.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“褱”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218635983.png简写成“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218248413.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：懷，念思也。从心，褱聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：怀，内心挂念。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“褱”作声旁。

5远袁，既是声旁也是形旁，表示衣物。遠，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138219725.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138161465.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png（袁，衣物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138699015.png（又，抓、持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138487174.png（亍，即“彳”，行进），表示带上衣物行囊长途出行。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138839145.png将“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png简写成“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138846170.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138878923.png加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138687596.png（趾，脚板），并将甲骨文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138554739.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082617271694.gif将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082740337951.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082626822410.gif，将金文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082859961447.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082348905378.gif。造字本义：动词，带上衣物行囊长途出行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138307354.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138803656.png写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138487064.png，将篆文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082348905378.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“远”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138127662.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png简化成“元”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138265049.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：遠，遼也。从辵，袁聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：远，辽远。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“袁”作声旁。

6信xìn“訫”是“信”的异体字。信，简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207757393.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207565978.png（人，当事人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207183107.png（口，说话），表示开口许诺。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207402302.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207819964.png（千，巨量）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207626179.png（言，说话），表示用千言万语保证。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207221930.png承续简体金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207163093.png基本承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：动词，许诺，发誓。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207846625.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207799707.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207234925.png，将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207582963.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207541736.png。金文异体字“”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104459445256.gif写成“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104506467927.gif、“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104513692888.gif会义，言心，说真心话，真诚可靠，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104513692888.gif是横写的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104520133568.gif。古籍多以“信”代替“訫”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：信，誠也。从人，从言。會意。㐰，古文从言省。訫，古文信。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：信，诚实不欺。字形采用“人、言”会义，是会义字。㐰，这是古文写法的“信”，采用有所省略的“言”作边旁。訫，这是古文写法的“信”字。

7足甲骨文中“正”（即“征”的本字）与“足”本是同一个字，后被转注成两个字。足，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143550051.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143148196.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143642433.png（囗，村邑或部落）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143291171.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143722941.png（止，行军），表示军队归邑。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143530720.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143242886.png承续甲骨文字形。因为“疋”（脚，名词）篆文的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143442455.png与“足”（凯旋归邑，动词）的篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143242886.png相似，后人习惯于以“足”字代替本义完全不同的“疋”字，“疋”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143343348.png像由大腿小腿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143327320.png、脚板https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143373229.png构成的脚部。造字本义：名词，出征得胜，凯旋归邑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143145610.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143612796.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143400895.png。古人称得胜凯旋为“足”，称征而无获为“乏”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：足，人之足也。在下。从止口。凡足之屬皆从足。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：足，人的下肢，在人体的下部。字形采用“止、口”会义。所有与足相关的字，都采用“足”作边旁。

8以yì“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一 文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字

9一yī一，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132938447.png是特殊指事字，抽象符号“一”既代表最为简单的起源，也代表最为丰富的浑沌整体。造字本义：数词，最小原始单位，最小的正整数。古人认为“道立于一，一生二，二生三，三生万物”。就是说，混沌太初的存在整体是“一”；然后由太初混沌的“一”，分出天地“二”极；天地二极之间，又生出人这第“三”部分；天地人三者，衍化出宇宙万物。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132984654.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132818567.png承续甲骨文字形。一，代替混沌太初的整体；二，上面的一横代表“天”，下面的一横代表“地”；三，上下两横代表“天地”，中间的一横代表“人”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：一，惟初太始，道立于一，造分天地，化成萬物。凡一之属皆从一。弌，古文一。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：一，开天辟地之初、万物形成之始，道立于一体化的浑沌，然后造化分出天地，化成万物。所有与一相关的字，都采用“一”作边旁。弌，这是古文写法的“一”。

10异yì巳，既是声旁也是形旁，表示胎儿。异，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125286024.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125476118.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125786522.png（巳，胎儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125804660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125678844.png（双手抱持），表示手抱婴儿。造字本义：动词，送养或遗弃不正常的婴儿。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125348571.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125786522.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125177829.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125678844.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125125460.png。由于“异”和“異”字形相似、字义相近，古籍常常将“异”和“異”相互假借。《汉字简化方案》用“异”合并代替“異”。“尤”是抓持过多食物；“奇”是中原人所罕见的骑马代步；“特”是祭祀时牺牲专用的小公牛；“异”是不正常的婴儿。附一 文言版《説文解字》：异，舉也。从廾，㠯聲。《虞書》曰：“岳曰：异哉！”
附二 白话版《说文解字》：异，推举。字形采用“廾”作边旁，采用“㠯”作声旁。《虞书》上说：“诸侯长说，推举他吧！”


11义yì“義”是“儀”的本字。義，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552456077.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552578751.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552335856.png（羊，即“祥”，祭祀占卜显示的吉兆）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552470072.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552748375.png（我，有利齿的戌，威猛战具），表示吉兆之战。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552469922.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552519481.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552457797.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552578751.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552867275.png（羊，即“祥”，祥和）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552470072.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552929445.png（弗，休战），表示休战和平，表达“道义”的另一层含义。造字本义：名词，出征前的隆重仪式，祭祀占卜，预测战争凶吉；如果神灵显示吉兆，则表明战争是仁道、公正的，神灵护佑的仁道之战。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552566992.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552867275.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552141422.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552511241.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552137445.png。《汉字简化方案》另造指事字“义”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552431129.png，在“乂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552104496.png（割、杀）上加一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552582606.png，表示杀得有理、杀得正当。当“義”的“仪式”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552934681.png再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552863576.png另造“儀”代替，表示程式庄严的典礼。“意”，指个人的心思、想法，强调的是个体性和主观性；“義”，原指扬善惩恶的天意，后引申为公认的道德、真理、公认的文字内涵，强调的是普遍性和客观性；“意义”，指个人愿望与世间公理。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：義，己之威儀也。从我、羊。羛，《墨翟書》義从弗。魏郡有羛陽鄉，讀若錡。今屬鄴，本内黃北二十里。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：义，我军威武的出征仪式。字形采用“我、羊”会义。羛，《墨翟书》上“義”字采用“弗”作边旁。魏郡有个地方叫“羛阳乡”，其“羛”字读作“锜”。该地现属鄴县，本来在内黃县北边二十里的地方。


12得dé得，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836957414.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836359904.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836699801.png（手，拾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836929251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836378452.png（贝，最原始货币），表示拾贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836461451.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836135386.png（行进），表示古代中原人长途跋涉到湖海之滨寻觅和拾捡贝壳。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836112131.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836775386.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836675991.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png，同时误将籀文字形中的的“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836244183.png写成“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836499763.png。造字本义：动词，捡到贝壳，喜获财富。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836567423.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836158708.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836786586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836802651.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：得，行有所得也。从彳，㝵聲。䙷，古文省彳。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：得，远行探索而有所获。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“㝵”作声旁。䙷，这是古文写法的“得”字，省略了“彳”。

13众zhòng“乑”、“众”、“眾”和“衆”，“㐺”的异体字。从，既是声旁也是形旁，表示相随、同行。㐺，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749947841.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749928956.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749552728.png（从，相随）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749810522.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749932806.png（从，相随），表示相随、同行的一群人。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202033920324797.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202033942548898.gif承续甲骨文字形。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202033951840607.gif将篆文字形中的“从”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034254140573.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034302301732.gif，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034312334716.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034320309368.gif。楷书异体字“乑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034358298592.gif将正体楷书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202033951840607.gif中的第一个“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034539912033.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034421519028.gif，将第二个“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034546852204.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034428117018.gif，将第三个“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034555229158.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202034436613315.gif。楷书异体字“众”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749896267.png将正体楷书的左中右结构https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202033951840607.gif写成上下结构。造字本义：名词，合群生活的广大人群，百姓。甲骨文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202062358113840.gif加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202064006265857.gif、或https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202064017648821.gif加“日”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202064024835790.gif，表示蓝天红日之下合群生活的广大人群。篆文“眾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202062629454625.gif误将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202062715804995.gif中的“日”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202062653757138.gif写成“目”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202062637117831.gif；楷书异体字“衆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202100016483206.gif则误将篆文字形中的“目”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202062637117831.gif写成“血”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/2/20200202100041614115.gif。古籍多以“衆”代替“乑”、“㐺”、“众”和“眾”。《汉字简化方案》用“众”代替“衆”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：眾，多也。从乑目，衆意。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：众，人多。字形采用“乑、目”会义，众多的意思。

14才cái“才”是“材”的本字。才，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801206123.png是象形字，字形像房柱与房梁的象形，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801504974.png像树杈，即远古简易建筑中的房柱，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801956483.png像房柱上架着的横木，即横梁。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801156720.png与金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801177595.png中的树杈模糊成实心点。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801312614.png将实心点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801354039.png写成一撇。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801499149.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，立柱架梁，开始建屋。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801267155.png继承篆文字形。甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801755639.png表示帝王https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801583047.png之才https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801744458.png。当“才”的“梁柱”含义消失后，篆文再加“木”另造“材”代替。在房架https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801978717.png（才）之上加尖圆的屋顶https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801780646.png，就是远古简易的独柱式房屋https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801420600.png（余）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：才，艸木之初也。从丨上貫一，將生枝葉。一，地也。凡才之属皆从才。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：才，草木初生的样子。字形由“丨、一”构成，“丨”像草木之茎贯穿地面，将生而未生枝叶；“一”表示地面。所有与才相关的字，都采用“才”作边旁。

15鉴jiàn“監”是“鑑（鍳）”的本字。監，既是声旁也是形旁，表示看到。監，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847882782.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847947948.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847832909.png（皿，水盆）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847754591.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847607655.png（见，看到），表示以水为镜反观自己。当“監”的“以水为镜反观自己”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847199141.png再加“金”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847866404.png（铜）另造“鑑”代替，表示用铜镜来观照影像。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847846570.png将金文字形中的上下结构调整成左右结构。造字本义：动词，人俯首在一盆静止的水面上反观自己的影像。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847896720.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847626610.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847347504.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847102133.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847663937.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“鉴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847819487.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847663937.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847352388.png。
16古古，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828640943.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828152651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828217415.png（口，言说）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828781641.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828794019.png（十，极多），表示无数代先人口口相传的久远时代。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828677523.png在“古”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828433048.png的字形基础上再加一个“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828325343.png，强调“古”的“传说”含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828414115.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828794019.png写成明确的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828719188.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828685097.png将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828719188.png写成明确的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828788227.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828977006.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828600851.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829583134.png（言说），强调“古”与“言说”的关系。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829349920.png在“古”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829725623.png的字形基础上加“三十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829891485.png，极力强调传说年代之漫长。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829116127.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828685097.png。造字本义：名词，在漫长的过去岁月中被一代代传说的久远时代。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829166048.png承续篆文字形。“古”是传说中难以追述的久远时代，“昔”是发生大洪荒的远古时代，“古”比“昔”更遥远。附一 文言版《説文解字》：古，故也。从十、口。識前言者也。凡古之屬皆从古。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：古，故旧。字形采用“十、口”会义。表示能记忆先人圣语的人。所有与古相关的字，都采用“古”作边旁。

16明míng明，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082541915085.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112468596.png（日，太阳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082621328054.gif（月亮），表示白天与黑夜发光的两个天体（古人以为月亮在夜里发光）。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112934504389.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/7/20200307100955838498.gif（月亮）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513101615484798.gif（囧，窗牖），表示月光透过窗户照亮夜里的房间。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513111958294469.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513111923125378.gif承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112934504389.gif。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112159309153.gif承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082541915085.gif。造字本义：动词，日光或月光将空间照亮。“明”侧重表示日光充足；“朗”侧重表示月光充足。附一 文言版《説文解字》：朙，照也。从月，从囧。凡朙之屬皆从朙。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：朙，日月照耀。字形由“月、囧”会义。所有与“朙”有关的字，都采用“朙”作边旁。

17照“照”是“炤”的异体字。召，既是声旁也是形旁，是“招”的本字，表示款待客人。炤，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155941932.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155294021.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155315378.png（火，火把）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155267480.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155510478.png（攴，持举）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155267480.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155562018.png（召，即“招”，招呼，招待），表示手举火把，招待客人。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155130868.png省去“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155510478.png，将“召”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155562018.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155222348.png，将“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155315378.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155382821.png，同时加两点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155421861.png，表示火光闪烁。籀文异体字“照”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510015037256565.gif将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155145357.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510015126799875.gif，同时加“日”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155513268.png，表示日光投射，带来光明。造字本义：动词，日光投射大地，使视野明亮。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155621777.png将篆文字形中的左右结构调整成上下结构，同时将篆文字形中的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155855821.png写成“四点底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015155400745.png。古籍多以“照”代替“炤”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：照，明也。从火，昭聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：照，阳光使天地明亮。字形采用“火”作边旁，采用“昭”作声旁。

18下“下”是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，顶端一横较长，底端的一横较短。古人用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png代表混沌太初状态；用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230147841.png将表示“天”的北端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的南端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png承续甲骨文字形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230978137.png，以显示纵的方向。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230924770.png省去短横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230842678.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与天相对的地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230635098.png承续金文字形。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。附一 文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底也。指事。下，篆文data:image/png;base64,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。   
附二 白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底部。“下”是指事字。下，篆文写作“data:image/png;base64,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”。

19此cǐ止，既是声旁也是形旁，是“趾”的本字，表示脚趾。此，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105825405865.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105825819061.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105825653344.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826277135.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826511155.png（止，“趾”，脚），表示双脚站立的所在。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826222521.png写成左右结构。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826531648.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826731519.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，言说者所指称的其站立的位置。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826811339.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826256613.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826283782.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826897647.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826103941.png。古人称自己所立之地为“此”，称前往之地为“彼”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：此，止也。从止，从匕。匕，相比次也。凡此之屬皆从此。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：此，脚趾踩着的地方。字形采用“止、匕”会义。匕，表示相并列。所有与此相关的字，都采用“此”作边旁。

20人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一 文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

21之
zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”

作边旁。
22俊jùn夋，既是声旁也是形旁，表示幼儿蹒跚学步，天真可爱。俊，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951111792.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951220496.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951725212.png（人，成人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951304517.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951862494.png（夋，幼儿学步，天真可爱），表示健康漂亮，单纯可爱。造字本义：形容词，健康漂亮，单纯可爱。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951498855.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951725212.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951282665.png，将篆文字形中的“夋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951862494.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104951680203.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：俊，材千人也。从人，夋聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：俊，才智胜过千人。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“夋”作声旁。

22也yě“它”与“虫”、“也”同源，都是“蛇”的本字，后分化。也，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426601720.png像头尖、身长的蛇。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426701140.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426943124.png将蛇头https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426710645.png写成“箭号”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426835916.png或棱形的“大头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426320891.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426990235.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426668281.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426943124.png中的“大头”形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426320891.png变形成变“大腹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426706249.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426691031.png则在蛇的“大腹”部位加一竖指事符号，表示蛇腹中的吞噬物，强调蛇腹神奇的弹性与消化能力，突出“蛇吞象”的特性。造字本义：动词，蛇性贪婪，无所不吞。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426448782.png在金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426668281.png的基础上大大变形，淡化了蛇腹形象。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426663202.png隐约还保留蛇头、蛇身的形象，有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426623375.png变形后蛇形尽失。附一 文言版《説文解字》：也，女陰也。象形。data:image/png;base64,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，秦刻石也字。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：也，女阴。象形。data:image/png;base64,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，是秦代刻石的“也”字。

23行xíng行（háng），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856999838.png是象形字，字形像四通八达的十字路口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856131419.png将十字路口形状的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png误写成正反两个“双人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856160305.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856598545.png，失去路口形象。造字本义：名词，纵横畅通的十字路口。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856343815.png一定程度上恢复金文字形。从甲骨文、金文字形看，“行”的左右两边“彳”、“亍”，应该被称作“左行旁”、“右行旁”，而不是“双人旁”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：行，人之步趨也。从彳，从亍。凡行之屬皆从行。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：行，人们在路上行走或小跑。字形采用“彳、亍”会义。所有与行相关的字，都采用“行”作边旁。

24为wéi“爲”是“撝”和“僞”的本字；“為”是“爲”的异体字。爲，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051054689200.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023933419305.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051104952954.gif（又，抓、牵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023933225889.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051112508309.gif（象，大型力畜），表示驯兽师手牵大象，驯化大象的野性，使大象为主人服役，劳作载重。大象是陆地上最大型的力畜，在严重依赖体力的远古时代，驯化大象为主人服务，在古人看来是是一项无所不能的发明。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051518388425.gif用“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051528994851.gif（抓）代替“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051104952954.gif（抓），将“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051112508309.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051627824179.gif。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051828416878.gif将甲骨文字形中长鼻大口的“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051627824179.gif写成长鼻大耳的“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051819350294.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051852933200.gif将金文字形中的“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051819350294.gif写成不知所云的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051910727039.gif。造字本义：动词，人工引导驯服大象，使大象掌握超越自然本能的劳动技能，变成听命于主人的劳动力。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934663506.png将篆文字形中的“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051931607080.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934467319.png，将篆文字形中的“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051910727039.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934881797.png。俗体楷书“為”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934258970.png将正体楷书字形中一撇三点的“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934467319.png简化成一点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2019/12/26/20191226022354861598.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“为”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934321702.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2019/12/26/20191226022309133508.gif整体简化。当“爲”引申出“用手势指引、指导”的动词含义后，篆文再加“手”另造“撝”代替，强调手势的作用；当“爲”引申出“不自然、不真实”的形容词含义后，金文再加“人”另造“僞”代替，强调自然因素之外人类主观意志的因素。古籍多以“爲”代替“為”。现代汉语将“爲”和“為”都简化成“为”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：爲，母猴也。其爲禽好爪。爪，母猴象也。下腹爲母猴形。王育曰：“爪，象形也。”data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAwAAAAOAQMAAAAhc2+vAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDozNTkyRkIxNkY5NDcxMUU5OTc5REMwQ0M1MzI1OEU0MyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDozNTkyRkIxN0Y5NDcxMUU5OTc5REMwQ0M1MzI1ODQzIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MzU5MkZCMTRGOTQ3MTFFOTk3OUMwQ0M1MzI1OEU0MyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDozNTkyRkIxNUY5NDcxMUU5OTc5REMwQ0M1MzI1RTQzIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAQx6srwAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAC1JREFUGNNjqGNgYH/AUP+AgY2B4dsHEAIy4h8w5CcwmD1giF0AYtQ9YOA/AAAXrA26obTfOwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==，古文为，象兩母猴相對形。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：为，弥猴。作为走兽的弥猴喜欢用它的爪子。爪，就是弥猴的形象特征所在。“为”的篆文字形下部像弥猴的形状。王育说：“爪的字形，像弥猴的爪形”。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“为”字，像两只弥猴相对的样子。

25仪yí“義（义）”是“儀（仪）”的本字。義，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754890214.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754524543.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754643357.png（羊，祥，吉兆）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754413632.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754256025.png（我，武器，借代战争），表示吉兆之战。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754805136.png承续甲骨文字形。当“義”的“仪式”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754913220.png再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754147718.png另造“儀”代替，表示程式庄严的典礼。造字本义：名词，出征前的隆重仪式，祭祀占卜，预测战争凶吉；如果神灵显示吉兆，则表明战争是仁道、公正的，为神灵福佑的。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“仪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754961872.png，依据类推简化规则，以“义”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754597604.png代替“義”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105754501961.png，“乂”表示杀戮，“乂”加一点，表示公正顺天的战争。附一 文言版《説文解字》：儀，度也。从人，義聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：仪，法度。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“義”作声旁。

26表biǎo表，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734105485.png是象形字，像兽毛朝外的皮衣，像衣服https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734479813.png外部披着兽毛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734238996.png。篆文写成会义结构：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734699801.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734526019.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070125846061.gif（衣，服装）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734854539.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070133546742.gif（毛，动物的毛发），强调“表”的“毛皮”材质。造字本义：名词，用动物毛皮制成的外衣。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316065739417716.gif误将篆文字形中“衣”的上部https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070604156795.gif和“毛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070133546742.gif所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070614695917.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316065911963295.gif，将篆文字形中“衣”的下部https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316065830448794.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316065900377468.gif，以致兽“毛”形状完全消失。附一 文言版《説文解字》：表，上衣也。从衣，从毛。古者衣裘，以毛為表。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：表，上衣。字形采用“衣、毛”会义。古昔时代人们穿裘衣，制裘时将毛皮带毛的一面当作外面。

27智zhì知”是“智”的本字。矢，既是声旁也是形旁，表示箭，借代行猎、作战。知，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858551727.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858471693.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858637334.png（干，武器，借代行猎、作战）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858783237.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858541944.png（口，谈论、传授）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858783237.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858796058.png（矢，武器，借代行猎、作战），表示谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。在远古时代，弯弓使箭是成年人的基本常识和重要经验。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858741158.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858976579.png省去“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858333932.png，简化字形。当“知”的形容词含义“聪明、有战略”消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858865213.png再加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858895226.png（说，传授）另造“智”代替，强调谈论和传授经验。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858351974.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858977448.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858396740.png，将金文字形中的“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858895226.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858659112.png（说明），并误将金文字形中的“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858414693.png写成“亏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858166765.png。造字本义：动词，谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858295635.png省去篆文字形中的“亏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858166765.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858396740.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858386462.png，将篆文字形中的“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858659112.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022858575580.png。古人称精通行军作战为“智”，称清心净虑、洞察真相为“慧”；称醒来感知清晰为“觉”；称明心见性、发现自我为“悟”；称简单无我、自然率性为“禅”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：智，識詞也。从白，从亏，从知。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：智，器物上可辨识的标志性文字。字形采用“白、亏、知”会义。

28决jué“决”是“決”的异体字。夬，既是声旁也是形旁，是“玦”的本字，表示中断、分别。决，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644506805.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644813482.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644144429.png（水，洪水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644214298.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644217263.png（夬，即“玦”，中断），表示洪水将堤岸冲出口子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644766726.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644144429.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644643783.png，将篆文字形中的“夬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644217263.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644858855.png。楷书异体字“决”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644344674.png，将正体楷书字形中的“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644643783.png简写成“两点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644346827.png。造字本义：动词，大水冲裂堤岸。古籍多以“决”代替“決”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：決，行流也。从水，从夬。廬江有決水，出於大別山。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：决，在洪汛期打开水坝，让洪水畅通。字形采用“水、夬”会义。庐江有決水河，源出于大別山。

29嫌xián兼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示同时拥有。嫌，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925929723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925729025.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925777940.png（女，妻妾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925258843.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925291661.png（兼，同时拥有），表示同时拥有众多妻妾。在男尊女卑、一夫多妻的封建时代，男子在两性关系上处于优越的支配地位。造字本义：动词，妻妾成群的男子对妻妾不满、挑剔。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925265620.png将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925777940.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925269610.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925291661.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925205874.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：嫌，不平於心也。一曰疑也。从女，兼聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：嫌，内心不平静。另一种说法认为，“嫌”是“猜疑”的意思。字形采用“女”作边旁，采用“兼”作声旁。

30疑yí疑，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132630165.png像一个拄着手杖的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132732325.png发傻地张大嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132346434.png，困惑而不知所向的样子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132895615.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132918388.png（十字路口），强调在十字路口迷路含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132157147.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132494435.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（牛，可能是“屰”之误写，迎面而来的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132298322.png（困惑地张着大嘴的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132353970.png（“彳”的误写）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132198159.png（止，行进），表示迷路者向迎面而来的行人问路。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132562956.png误将金文中张大的嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132664544.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png，误将金文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132915652.png（人）写成“矢”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png，并以“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png代替“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（“屰”之误写），表示小孩迷路。造字本义：动词，在十字路口不知所往。“疑”生于对外部的无知，致知即可释疑；“惑”生于内心的混乱，心乱生于贪欲——“四十不惑”，是指人到中年后能够看清自己真正的欲求而获得明智。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132795942.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132528919.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132156734.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132356943.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132543849.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132569641.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：疑，惑也。从子止匕，矢聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：疑，迷惑而不知所从。字形采用“子、止、匕”作边旁，采用“矢”作声旁。

31信“訫”是“信”的异体字。信，简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207757393.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207565978.png（人，当事人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207183107.png（口，说话），表示开口许诺。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207402302.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207819964.png（千，巨量）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207626179.png（言，说话），表示用千言万语保证。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207221930.png承续简体金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207163093.png基本承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：动词，许诺，发誓。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207846625.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207799707.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207234925.png，将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207582963.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207541736.png。金文异体字“”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104459445256.gif写成“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104506467927.gif、“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104513692888.gif会义，言心，说真心话，真诚可靠，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104513692888.gif是横写的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104520133568.gif。古籍多以“信”代替“訫”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：信，誠也。从人，从言。會意。㐰，古文从言省。訫，古文信。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：信，诚实不欺。字形采用“人、言”会义，是会义字。㐰，这是古文写法的“信”，采用有所省略的“言”作边旁。訫，这是古文写法的“信”字。

32可kě“可”是“哥”、“謌”和“歌”的本字。口，既是声旁也是形旁，表示发声。可，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137728374.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137734984.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137223592.png（似竽的乐器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137925619.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137667466.png（口，发声），表示和着音乐唱歌。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137352408.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137747826.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，古代男女以吹笙唱歌方式求偶。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137922724.png将篆文字形中的竽形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137982627.png写成”丁“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137718803.png。当“可”的“吹笙唱歌”本义消失后，篆文再加“可”，另造“哥”代替，表示对唱。当“哥”本义消失之后，金文再加“言”（倾诉）另造“謌”代替，或者篆文再加“欠”（撮口而吹），另造“歌”代替。附一 文言版《説文解字》：可，肎也。从口、丂，丂亦聲。凡可之屬皆从可。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：可，肯，同意。字形采用“口、丂”会义，“丂”也是声旁。所有与可相关的字，都采用“可”作边旁。

33使shǐ“史”是“使”的本字；“吏”、“事”与“史”同源。史，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839490433.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839272666.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839317024.png（中，两军对峙的非军事地带）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839616243.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839279893.png（又，执、持），表示手持旌节，出使发生争端的国界和谈。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839317024.png是“中”的繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839745107.png的简写。古远时代以族旗国旗为跨界出行的护照，“中”的本义即两国使者各执国旗争端的国界会谈调停，折中求和。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839592048.png将旗帜状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839191106.png简化成“干”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839524127.png，将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839317024.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839183926.png，导致字形晦涩。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839300681.png则将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839183926.png进一步简化成“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839805250.png。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839202217.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839495403.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839235209.png承续简体甲骨文字形。当“史”的“出使”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839104979.png再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839233164.png（受派遣官员）另造“使”代替。造字本义：动词，手持旌节，代表国家，奉命前往和谈，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的和平文件。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839990150.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839233164.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839323577.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839192371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839728000.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：使，伶也。从人，吏聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：使，摆布，命令。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“吏”作声旁。

34守shǒu守，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435199656.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435337428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435325079.png（六，即“庐”的本字，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435569757.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435600869.png（寸，手持器械）。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435987500.png将甲骨文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435401169.png，将甲骨文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435600869.png写成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435494439.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435566835.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，持械护卫家园，御寇入侵。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435108241.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435421372.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435215145.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435585997.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435510418.png。              附一 文言版《説文解字》：守，守官也。从宀，从寸。寺府之事者。从寸。寸，法度也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：守，官吏的操行、节操。字形采用“宀、寸”会义。宀，表示官府的事。寸，表示法度。

35约yuē約，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147987294.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147348583.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147859288.png（糸，系、束）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147435473.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147533297.png（刀，即“勺”的变形，食具，代表进食），表示束缚进食行为。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147372493.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147859288.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147806628.png，将金文字形中的“刀”写成“勺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147272442.png。造字本义：动词，限制进食，省吃俭用。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147599943.png将篆文字形中的“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147806628.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147698382.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147272442.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147693876.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“约”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147228827.png依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147698382.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147271641.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：約，纏束也。从糸，勺聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：约，缠绕捆缚。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用“勺”作声旁。

36廉lián兼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示合并、连接。廉，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049555438.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049871445.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049996077.png（广，开放式建筑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049220208.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049403357.png（兼，合并、连接），表示与主体建筑相连的开放式空间。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049770970.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049996077.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049837638.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049403357.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049109724.png。造字本义：动词，将房屋主体与外部开放式空间相连接。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049185254.png承续篆文字形。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049341509.png将两“禾”一“又”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049912394.png简化成“兼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049108071.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049148959.png将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049800187.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049312116.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：廉，庂也。从广，兼聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：廉，窄小的屋子。字形采用“广”作边旁，采用“兼”作声旁。

37使shǐ“史”是“使”的本字；“吏”、“事”与“史”同源。史，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839490433.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839272666.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839317024.png（中，两军对峙的非军事地带）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839616243.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839279893.png（又，执、持），表示手持旌节，出使发生争端的国界和谈。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839317024.png是“中”的繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839745107.png的简写。古远时代以族旗国旗为跨界出行的护照，“中”的本义即两国使者各执国旗争端的国界会谈调停，折中求和。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839592048.png将旗帜状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839191106.png简化成“干”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839524127.png，将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839317024.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839183926.png，导致字形晦涩。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839300681.png则将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839183926.png进一步简化成“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839805250.png。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839202217.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839495403.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839235209.png承续简体甲骨文字形。当“史”的“出使”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839104979.png再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839233164.png（受派遣官员）另造“使”代替。造字本义：动词，手持旌节，代表国家，奉命前往和谈，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的和平文件。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839990150.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839233164.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839323577.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839192371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839728000.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：使，伶也。从人，吏聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：使，摆布，命令。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“吏”作声旁。

38分fēn“八”是“分”的本字。八，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638509067.png表示切分。当“八”的“切分”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638781110.png再加“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638263795.png另造“分”代替。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638784697.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638401076.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，用刀将物体切成两部分或几部分。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638282988.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638719921.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638820551.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638528496.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104638249429.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：分，別也。从八，从刀，刀以分別物也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：分，切开。字形采用“八、刀”会义，执刀用来将物体切分开。

39财cái才，既是声旁也是形旁，表示建筑房屋的栋梁，代表有用之物。財，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818348822.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818835920.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818736489.png（貝，宝物，金钱）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818491817.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818146825.png（才，有用之物），表示宝物、金钱和重要的有用之物。造字本义：名词，金钱及有价值的重要物品。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818394574.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818736489.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818230075.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818146825.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818973381.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“财”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818327213.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818230075.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818555613.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：財，人所寶也。从貝，才聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：财，人们当作宝贝珍藏的东西。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“才”作声旁。

40此cǐ止，既是声旁也是形旁，是“趾”的本字，表示脚趾。此，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105825405865.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105825819061.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105825653344.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826277135.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826511155.png（止，“趾”，脚），表示双脚站立的所在。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826222521.png写成左右结构。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826531648.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826731519.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，言说者所指称的其站立的位置。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826811339.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826256613.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826283782.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826897647.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826103941.png。古人称自己所立之地为“此”，称前往之地为“彼”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：此，止也。从止，从匕。匕，相比次也。凡此之屬皆从此。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：此，脚趾踩着的地方。字形采用“止、匕”会义。匕，表示相并列。所有与此相关的字，都采用“此”作边旁。

41人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一 文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

42之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

43豪háo高，既是声旁也是形旁，表示……野兽身上的尖锐长毛。豪，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039968657.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039884025.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039592213.png（高，……尖锐长毛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039655839.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039285001.png（豕，猪），表示搏斗时会竖起尖锐长毛的野猪。造字本义：名词，穴居啮齿类动物，全身黑色，藏身洞穴，昼伏夜出；遭受威胁时会竖起其分布在粗硬毛发中的箭刺；也称“箭猪”。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039735495.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039592213.png省略成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039137859.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039285001.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023039482696.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：豪，豕，鬣如筆管者，出南郡。从彖，高聲。豪，籀文从豕。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：豪，猪，身上的鬣毛粗硬如毛管，出于南郡。字形采用“彖”作边旁，“高”作声旁。豪，籀文字形采用“豕”作边旁。

44也yě“它”与“虫”、“也”同源，都是“蛇”的本字，后分化。也，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426601720.png像头尖、身长的蛇。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426701140.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426943124.png将蛇头https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426710645.png写成“箭号”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426835916.png或棱形的“大头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426320891.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426990235.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426668281.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426943124.png中的“大头”形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426320891.png变形成变“大腹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426706249.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426691031.png则在蛇的“大腹”部位加一竖指事符号，表示蛇腹中的吞噬物，强调蛇腹神奇的弹性与消化能力，突出“蛇吞象”的特性。造字本义：动词，蛇性贪婪，无所不吞。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426448782.png在金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426668281.png的基础上大大变形，淡化了蛇腹形象。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426663202.png隐约还保留蛇头、蛇身的形象，有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104426623375.png变形后蛇形尽失。附一 文言版《説文解字》：也，女陰也。象形。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDozQUQ2N0Q3M0ZCMzMxMUU5OEQyRUI4MjAxRkE5MERFRSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDozQUQ2N0Q3NEZCMzMxMUU5OEQyRUI4MjAxRkE5MEVFIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6M0FENjdENzFGQjMzMTFFOThERUI4MjAxRkE5MERFRSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDozQUQ2N0Q3MkYzMzExRTk4RDJFQjgyMDFGQTkwREVFIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXQ+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAefwO4AAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAABxJREFUGNNj+F7BAEFAAGF8qGC4/wMVvWB4wAEAlb0UdhepxfsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，秦刻石也字。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：也，女阴。象形。data:image/png;base64,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，是秦代刻石的“也”字。
三正道（讨伐不义之地使人合于道）德足以怀远，信足以一异，义足以得众，才足以鉴古，明足以照下，此人之俊也。

直译：得之正直，获之坦荡。军队归邑。母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。将哭泣流泪的孩子抱在胸前，以示爱护与安慰。带上衣物行囊长途出行。用千言万语保证，军队归邑。母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。由太初混沌的“一”，怀抱不正常的婴儿。扬善惩恶的天意军队归邑。母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。喜获合群生活的广大人群，百姓。立柱架梁，开始建屋。军队归邑。母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。俯首在一盆静止的水面上反观自己的影像，在漫长的过去岁月中被一代代传说的久远时代。日光或月光将空间照亮。军队归邑。母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。日光投射大地，使视野明亮。与天相对的地。言说者所指称的其站立的位置。躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。足履平地，徒步前往。健康漂亮，单纯可爱的人。 行足以为仪表，智足以决嫌疑，信可以使守约，廉可以使分财，此人之豪也。纵横畅通的十字路口军队归邑。母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。人工引导驯服大象，使大象掌握超越自然本能的劳动技能，变成听命于主人的劳动力。程式庄严的典礼。用动物毛皮制成的外衣。谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。军队归邑。母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。大水冲裂堤岸。妻妾成群的男子对妻妾不满、挑剔。在十字路口不知所往。许诺，发誓古代男女以吹笙唱歌方式求偶手持旌节，代表国家，奉命前往和谈，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的和平文件。持械护卫家园，御寇入侵。限制进食，省吃俭用。将房屋主体与外部开放式空间相连接。古代男女以吹笙唱歌方式求偶手持旌节，代表国家，奉命前往和谈，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的和平文件。用刀将物体切成两部分或几部分。金钱及有价值的重要物品。言说者所指称的其站立的位置人之遭受威胁时会竖起其分布在粗硬毛发中的箭刺。四简单体会：站在自己所拥有的部分上，去比对看看自己离哪类人近，先纠正自己努力合道，成为那样的人。五吟诵已经发群里。

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-16 09:25:49

本帖最后由 睿涵 于 2021-1-16 19:38 编辑

1.16.守职而不废，处义而不回，见嫌而不苟免，见利而不苟得，此人之杰也。shǒu1.守。守，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435199656.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435337428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435325079.png（六，即“庐”的本字，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435569757.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435600869.png（寸，手持器械）。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435987500.png将甲骨文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435401169.png，将甲骨文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435600869.png写成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435494439.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435566835.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，持械护卫家园，御寇入侵。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435108241.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435421372.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435215145.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435585997.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435510418.png。             
附一 文言版《説文解字》：守，守官也。从宀，从寸。寺府之事者。从寸。寸，法度也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：守，官吏的操行、节操。字形采用“宀、寸”会义。宀，表示官府的事。寸，表示法度。
2职zhí.戠，既是声旁也是形旁，表示标记。職，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616104281.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616959006.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616200100.png（戠，记）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616580940.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616202491.png（“耳”的变形，听力器官），表示且听且记。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616438440.png调整结构，突出了“耳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616996638.png，强调倾听。造字本义：动词，古代基层官员听取民意并作记录。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616347837.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616996638.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616155681.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616710531.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616546975.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616313849.png用同音的“只”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616746156.png代替正体楷书字形中的“戠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022616546975.png另造“职”代替。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：職，記微也。从耳，戠聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：职，记号，标识（注：“微”疑是“徽”的误写）。字形采用“耳”作边旁，采用“戠”作声旁。
3.而ér“而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边
4.不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作
5.处chù“处”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746468249.png”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746304170.png”的异体字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746468249.png，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746586400.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746154400.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746801266.png（人，归家者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746128157.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746878129.png（几，凳子），表示坐在凳子休息，享受居家时光。凳子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746656010.png上加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746110846.png，表示坐在凳子上休息。篆文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746904816.png”：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746215249.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746154400.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746976520.png（夂，倒写的“止”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746128157.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746279446.png（几，凳子），表示驻足家中，坐几休息。造字本义：动词，驻足家中，坐几休息。由于“处”（居家休息）的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746215249.png字形与“處”（实施虎噬酷刑）的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746928239.png下部字形完全相同，古人误将本义表示“居家休息”的“处”，与本义表示“实施虎噬酷刑”的“處” *相混用。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746151662.png取金文字形“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746468249.png”中的“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746801266.png，写成“卜”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746587789.png；取篆文字形“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746304170.png”中的“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746976520.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746615748.png。古籍多以“處”代替“处”；而“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746468249.png”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104746304170.png”偏废。《汉字简化方案》用“处”合并代替“處”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：処，止也，得几而止。从几，从夂。處，処或从虍。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：处，停止，坐几（凳）而歇。字形采用“几、夂”会义。處，这是“处”的异体字，字形采用“虍”作边旁。



6.义yì“義”是“儀”的本字。義，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552456077.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552578751.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552335856.png（羊，即“祥”，祭祀占卜显示的吉兆）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552470072.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552748375.png（我，有利齿的戌，威猛战具），表示吉兆之战。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552469922.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552519481.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552457797.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552578751.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552867275.png（羊，即“祥”，祥和）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552470072.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552929445.png（弗，休战），表示休战和平，表达“道义”的另一层含义。造字本义：名词，出征前的隆重仪式，祭祀占卜，预测战争凶吉；如果神灵显示吉兆，则表明战争是仁道、公正的，神灵护佑的仁道之战。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552566992.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552867275.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552141422.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552511241.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552137445.png。《汉字简化方案》另造指事字“义”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552431129.png，在“乂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552104496.png（割、杀）上加一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552582606.png，表示杀得有理、杀得正当。当“義”的“仪式”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552934681.png再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104552863576.png另造“儀”代替，表示程式庄严的典礼。“意”，指个人的心思、想法，强调的是个体性和主观性；“義”，原指扬善惩恶的天意，后引申为公认的道德、真理、公认的文字内涵，强调的是普遍性和客观性；“意义”，指个人愿望与世间公理。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：義，己之威儀也。从我、羊。羛，《墨翟書》義从弗。魏郡有羛陽鄉，讀若錡。今屬鄴，本内黃北二十里。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：义，我军威武的出征仪式。字形采用“我、羊”会义。羛，《墨翟书》上“義”字采用“弗”作边旁。魏郡有个地方叫“羛阳乡”，其“羛”字读作“锜”。该地现属鄴县，本来在内黃县北边二十里的地方。

7.回。huí回，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105844846426.png在圈状符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105844259319.png上加一短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105844956175.png，表示循环反复、周而复始。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105844226939.png省去短横指事符号，强化了螺旋循环的形象。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105844485486.png基本承续金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105844358790.png误将籀文字形中的螺旋形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105844485486.png写成内外两个圆圈。造字本义：动词，以圈状的轨迹不断旋转、扩展。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105844998898.png继承篆文字形。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：回，轉也。从囗，中象回轉形。囘，古文。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：回，绕着转圈。字形采用两个“囗”会义，中间的“囗”像回旋转绕的形状。囘，这是古文写法的“回”字。

8.见jiàn見，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137129573.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137769046.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137827031.png（目，用眼看）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137307195.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137394675.png（人，人类），表示人眼的动作。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137535053.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137651063.png将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137992966.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137515496.png。造字本义：动词，睁着眼睛看。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137149106.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137515496.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137728360.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137871660.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137439386.png，局部简化。向前看为“见”，回头看为“艮”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：見，視也。从儿，从目。凡見之屬皆从見。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：见，视，看。字形采用“儿、目”会义。所有与见相关的字，都采用“见”作边旁。

9.嫌xián兼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示同时拥有。嫌，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925929723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925729025.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925777940.png（女，妻妾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925258843.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925291661.png（兼，同时拥有），表示同时拥有众多妻妾。在男尊女卑、一夫多妻的封建时代，男子在两性关系上处于优越的支配地位。造字本义：动词，妻妾成群的男子对妻妾不满、挑剔。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925265620.png将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925777940.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925269610.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925291661.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925205874.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：嫌，不平於心也。一曰疑也。从女，兼聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：嫌，内心不平静。另一种说法认为，“嫌”是“猜疑”的意思。字形采用“女”作边旁，采用“兼”作声旁。

10苟gǒu句，既是声旁也是形旁，与“勾”同源，表示勾连。苟，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259373969.png是象形字，字形像一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259866617.png头发上沾满了带刺芒的蒺藜https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259696225.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259951911.png将蒺藜形状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259696225.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259749143.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259848395.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259379018.png将由“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259132833.png和表示植物的“艹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259243821.png所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259848395.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259810228.png，并加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259973870.png，写成会义字。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259780525.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259379018.png写成“句”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259976471.png（勾），并以“勾”为声旁；同时加“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259395913.png，强调其植物属性。造字本义：名词，中国特有的伞形科藁本植物，果实表面棕褐色或暗棕色，粗糙有皱纹，体轻质硬，果柄易折断，果球表面的芒刺容易粘附人或家畜的毛发，以便四处传播。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259315188.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259395913.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259560293.png，将篆文字形中的“句”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259976471.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259835645.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：苟，艸也。从艸，句聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：苟，一种草。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“句”作声旁。

11免。miǎn“免”是“冕”的本字。免，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751189079.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751389215.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751151233.png（像帽子）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751716770.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751192479.png（人，人体），表示戴在头上的帽子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751965844.png将帽子形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751151233.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751400540.png，像帽子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751651966.png上饰有角绅https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751421717.png，表示“免”比“帽”高级。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751925889.png承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751189079.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751931146.png误将甲骨文字形中https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751400540.png的帽子角饰https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751421717.png写成“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751357667.png。造字本义：名词，有角饰的高级帽子。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751800634.png变形较大，帽形完全消失。当“免”的“帽子”本义消失后，篆文再加“冃”（帽）另造“冕”代替。

苟免：苟且（1敷衍了事2只顾眼前，得过且过）免于损害
12此。cǐ止，既是声旁也是形旁，是“趾”的本字，表示脚趾。此，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105825405865.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105825819061.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105825653344.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826277135.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826511155.png（止，“趾”，脚），表示双脚站立的所在。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826222521.png写成左右结构。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826531648.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826731519.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，言说者所指称的其站立的位置。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826811339.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826256613.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826283782.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826897647.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826103941.png。古人称自己所立之地为“此”，称前往之地为“彼”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：此，止也。从止，从匕。匕，相比次也。凡此之屬皆从此。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：此，脚趾踩着的地方。字形采用“止、匕”会义。匕，表示相并列。所有与此相关的字，都采用“此”作边旁。

13人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一 文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

14之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一 文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

15杰jié“杰”是“傑”的异体字。桀，既是声旁也是形旁，表示高出一般的、出众的。傑，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020202395.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020493258.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020797160.png（人，有才能的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020965103.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020290623.png（桀，出众的），表示超常的、出众的人。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020904243.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020797160.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020197999.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020290623.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020895935.png。民间另造楷书“杰”代替“傑”，俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020468970.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020493258.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020677835.png（木，树木）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020965103.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020824731.png（四点底，山林大火），表示被大火焚烧过的树木。造字本义：名词，猛烈的山火过后傲然复生的树木，多用来比喻经历乱世战火洗礼的英雄。古籍多以“傑”代替“杰”。《汉字简化方案》用“杰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020468970.png代替同音近义的“傑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022020338516.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：傑，傲也。从人，桀聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：傑，孤傲不羁。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“桀”作声旁。

16废fèi發，既是声旁也是形旁，表示投射、攻击。廢，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835115579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835480011.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835230045.png（广，简易建筑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835934026.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/7/20200407101154931149.gif（發，投枪发箭，代指战争），表示战争破坏建筑。造字本义：动词，战争杀戮，摧毁房舍。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835820889.png将篆文字形中的“發”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/7/20200407101154931149.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835357691.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“废”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835692613.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中“發”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835357691.png简化成“发”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835857804.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：廢，屋頓也。从广，發聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：废，房屋倒塌。字形采用“广”作边旁，采用“發”作声旁。17利lì利，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407216231.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407473382.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407632290.png（禾，庄稼）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407250777.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407467104.png（刀，带锋刃的切割工具），表示用刀收割庄稼，镰刀https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407467104.png与庄稼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407632290.png之间的两点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407161592.png指事符号，表示振落的庄稼籽实。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407223765.png省去两点。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407670361.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407784650.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，用快刀收割庄稼。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407146981.png将篆文字形中的“禾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812094328944000.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407530954.png，将篆文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812094407170344.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023407719459.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：利，銛也。从刀。和然後利，从和省。《易》曰：“利者，義之和也。”
附二 白话版《说文解字》：利，铦，金属农具。字形采用“刀”作边旁。谐和而后各有所利，所以采用省略了“口”的“和”。《易经》上说：“利益，是道义相和的结果。”

18得dé得，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836957414.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836359904.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836699801.png（手，拾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836929251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836378452.png（贝，最原始货币），表示拾贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836461451.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836135386.png（行进），表示古代中原人长途跋涉到湖海之滨寻觅和拾捡贝壳。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836112131.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836775386.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836675991.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png，同时误将籀文字形中的的“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836244183.png写成“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836499763.png。造字本义：动词，捡到贝壳，喜获财富。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836567423.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836158708.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836786586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836802651.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：得，行有所得也。从彳，㝵聲。䙷，古文省彳。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：得，远行探索而有所获。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“㝵”作声旁。䙷，这是古文写法的“得”字，省略了“彳”。持械护卫家园，御寇入侵。古代基层官员听取民意并作记录。下巴上的胡须.未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。战争杀戮，摧毁房舍。驻足家中，坐几休息。以圈状的轨迹不断旋转、扩展。睁着眼睛看。妻妾成群的男子对妻妾不满、挑剔。下巴上的胡须.未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。中国特有的伞形科藁本植物，果实表面棕褐色或暗棕色，粗糙有皱纹，体轻质硬，果柄易折断，果球表面的芒刺容易粘附人或家畜的毛发，以便四处传播。有角饰的高级帽子。（敷衍了事免于损害）   睁着眼睛看。用快刀收割庄稼。下巴上的胡须.未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。中国特有的伞形科藁本植物，果实表面棕褐色或暗棕色，粗糙有皱纹，体轻质硬，果柄易折断，果球表面的芒刺容易粘附人或家畜的毛发，以便四处传播。捡到贝壳，喜获财富。言说者所指称的其站立的位置。躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。足履平地，徒步前往猛烈的山火过后傲然复生的树木，多用来比喻经历乱世战火洗礼的英雄。守职而不废，处义而不回，见嫌而不茍免，见利而不茍得，此人之杰也。
三翻译：持械护卫家园，听取民意并作记录。而且不发起战争杀戮摧毁房舍。
驻足在扬善惩恶的天意里坚定的守着义，而不以圈状的轨迹不断旋转，扩展。
睁着眼睛看到他人不满与挑剔而不随便了事而免于损害。
睁着眼睛看到他人用快刀收割庄稼而不随便捡拾贝壳财富。
这样的人是人中的经历乱世战火洗礼的英雄。
结合昨天内容，整体把握下第二章
俊------德足，信足，义足，才足，明足。（五者全具备）
豪------行，智，信，廉。（四者为表率）
俊-----守职不废，处义不回，见嫌不苟免，见利不苟得
四简单体会：三个层次，各司其职，因具备的条件不同而成为不同的人。五吟诵已经传群里。

睿涵 发表于 2021-1-17 10:55:27

本帖最后由 睿涵 于 2021-1-17 21:29 编辑

1.17.第三章求人之志

绝嗜禁欲，所以除累。抑非损恶，所以让过。贬酒阙色，所以无污。
避嫌远疑，所以不误。博学切问，所以广知。高行微言，所以修身。
一，二，查字正音。
1绝jué絕，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140561214.png是指事字，在两缕丝线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140703935.png的中间各加一短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140277715.png，表示将丝线割成两段。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140702232.png则在两组丝线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140765333.png之间加一把刀https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140734062.png，明确表示用刀割断丝缕。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140556771.png承续金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140921367.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140123918.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140558955.png（丝，丝线）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140679431.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140809937.png（刀，割）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140679431.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140791684.png（卩，人），表示用刀割断丝缕。造字本义：动词，将丝线切断。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140270542.png将篆文字形中的“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140558955.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140972413.png；误将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140961233.png（刀 人）写成“色”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140430239.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“绝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140100738.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140972413.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105140971927.png。“断”是将物体截成两段；“绝”是将丝线切成两段；“继”是将断丝相连接；“续”是传承祖业家宝。附一 文言版《説文解字》：絕，斷絲也。从糸，从刀，从卩。data:image/png;base64,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，古文絶。象不连體，絶二絲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：绝，切断丝线。字形采用“糸、刀、卩”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“绝”，字形像丝线不连贯的形体，像切断了两束丝线。

2嗜shìhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700744597.png“耆”是“嗜”的本字。耆，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700772531.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700410525.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700600064.png（老，老人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700978229.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700714715.png（甘，享受美食），造字本义：名词，保持一生的口味。“耆”作为单纯字件后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700226050.png再加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700693107.png，另造“嗜”代替。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700580857.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700693107.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700718118.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700955954.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022700744597.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：嗜，嗜欲，喜之也。从口，耆聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：嗜，食欲，终生喜好的口味。字形采用“口”作边旁，“耆”作声旁。

3禁jìn禁，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806861597.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806317336.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806518250.png（林，林野、苑囿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806391978.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806670981.png（示，使看得清楚、警示），表示警告不可砍伐、狩猎。造字本义：动词，出于对皇家苑囿或特殊林园的保护，而戒阻砍伐或行猎。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806751179.png将篆文字形中的“林”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806518250.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806590228.png，将篆文字形中的“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806670981.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806139859.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：禁，吉凶之忌也。从示，林聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：禁，对影响吉凶的忌讳。字形采用“示”作边旁，采用“林”作声旁。

4欲yù“慾”是“欲”的异体字。谷，既是声旁也是形旁，表示两座山岭之间高深空阔的沟壑。欲，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849730471.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849826458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849404874.png（谷，高深空阔的沟壑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849562936.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849668031.png（心，心中需求），表示内心的贪求如谷如壑。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849423263.png以“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849240336.png代“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849668031.png。 篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849403993.png用“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849782641.png（叹气、不满）代替金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849668031.png，表示感叹不满足。造字本义：名词，如深谷大壑一样永远填不满的贪求心念。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849861522.png将篆文字形中的“谷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849656943.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849336793.png，将篆文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849782641.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022849842834.png。楷书异体字“慾”加“心”，强调“心念”含义。古籍多以“欲”代替“慾”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：欲，貪欲也。从欠，谷聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：欲，贪欲也。字形采用“欠”作边旁，采用“谷”作声旁。

5所suǒ斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斫”的省略，表示刀斧砍、削。所，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061551504926.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108495674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif（户，门窗，借代房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108578877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif（斤，即“斫”的省略，用刀斧砍、削），表示伐木筑屋。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061650124601.gif将金文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif。造字本义：动词，木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061741580887.gif将篆文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061749571171.gif，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061756848163.gif。附一 文言版《説文解字》：所，伐木聲也。从斤，戶聲。《诗》曰：“伐木所所。”
附二 白话版《说文解字》：所，砍伐树木的声音。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“户”作声旁。《诗经》有诗句唱道：“挥斧伐木，所所传响。”

6以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一 文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

7除chú余，既是声旁也是形旁，表示屋舍、旅馆。除，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006364892.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006240028.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006686033.png（阜，石阶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006660772.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006806677.png（余，简易屋舍），表示屋前台阶。造字本义：名词，屋舍门前的台阶。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006383912.png将篆文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006686033.png写成“左耳旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006694721.png，将篆文字形中的“余”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006806677.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020006154898.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：除，殿陛也。从data:image/png;base64,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，余聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：除，殿阶。字形采用“左耳旁”（阜）作边旁，采用“余”作声旁。

8累lèi“畾”是“纍”的本字。畾，甲金篆隶字形资料暂缺，楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120198940.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120582487.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120513250.png（田，即“囟”的变形，丝线绕成的线团）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120262518.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120230327.png（田，即“囟”的变形，丝线绕成的线团）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120262518.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120882935.png（田，即“囟”的变形，丝线绕成的线团），表示一堆线团。当“畾”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120565268.png再加“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120906528.png（丝线）另造“纍”代替，强调将丝线缠绕成团。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120240048.png将篆文字形中的“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120906528.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120575010.png。简体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120202553.png将“畾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120572540.png简化成“田”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105120633374.png。造字本义：动词，将加工好的丝线缠绕成线团，将线团堆放在一起，以备纺织使用。古籍多以“纍”代替“畾”。

附一 文言版《説文解字》：纍，綴得理也。一曰大索也。从糸，畾聲。

附二 白话版《说文解字》：累，将丝线连缀得有条理。另一种说法认为，“累”是粗绳索。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用“畾”作声旁
9抑yì“印”是“抑”的本字。印，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454697749.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454548562.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454910811.png（爪，抓住）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454446258.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454944101.png（蹲跪着的人），表示将对象制服跪地，并强制在其额头烙戳记号。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454559241.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454944101.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454428029.png。、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454898044.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454944101.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454749068.png。当“印”的“强制烙印”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454195929.png再加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454590476.png另造“抑”代替。造字本义：动词，古代官府强制性在发配边疆的罪犯额头上烙戳发配记号。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454785533.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454590476.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454199318.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454898044.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454283619.png。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454779313.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454898044.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454943568.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，按也。从反“印”。data:image/png;base64,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，俗从手。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAANAQMAAABFOwZ4AAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpENDdDOTUyNTdBQkIxMUU4QjgwMEU3Q0Y3NTc5RUM1OCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpENDdDOTUyNjdBQkIxMUU4QjgwMEU3Q0Y3NTc5RTU4Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6RDQ3Qzk1MjM3QUJCMTFFOEIwMEU3Q0Y3NTc5RUM1OCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpENDdDOTUyNDdBQkIxMThCODAwRTdDRjc1NzlFQzU4Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWtldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6mop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAIu4yiAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACdJREFUGNNjeP6AQY6BofwAFJUxMKQfYBAHs98fYHjHwHD/AcP+BwAQiA8xk2MoCwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==，按压。采用反写“印”的方式造字。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAANAQMAAABIJXY/AAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpFNjNCM0IzOTdBQkIxMUU4OEU4RUUxNEY2QzUyQzEyMyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFNjNCM0IzQTdBQkIxMUU4OEU4RUUxNEY2QzUyQzIzIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWRFNjNCM0IzNzdBQkIxMUU4OEU4RUUxNEY2QzUyQzEyMyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpOkU2M0IzQjM4N0FCQjExRTg4RThFRTE0RjZDNTJDMTIzIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBAK6p2q8AAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAuSURBVBjTY7j/g+F+BcONBgbuDQy3NzDcAJOnNzBIbWC4uYDh9g6G+zsY5HcAAGExEZ8g+qQZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC，俗体字采用“手”作边旁。

10非fēi“非”是“排”的本字。非，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802622248.png是指事字，字形在相北的两个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802205714.png（背）头上各加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104803128019.png，表示两人思想相背、观念冲突、行为排斥。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104803522414.png变形，指事特征消失。当“非”的“排斥”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104803540165.png在“非”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104803667708.png基础上再加双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104803775991.png另造“排”代替，强调“排”的手部行为特征。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104803137916.png承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104803522414.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104803820954.png有所变形。造字本义：动词，思想相背者之间互相抵制、排挤，相互攻击、责难。从本义上看，时日恰当为“是”；相互抵制为“非”。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104803819958.png继承篆文字形。附一 文言版《説文解字》：非，違也。从飛下翄，取其相背。凡非之屬皆从非。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：非，违背。字形采用“飛”字下部表示“翅膀”的字形部分构成，采用左右两翼相背的含义造字。所有与非相关的字，都采用“非”作边旁

11损sǔn 員，既是声旁也是形旁，表示钟鼎的圆口。損，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517174157.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517426140.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517743445.png（手，捣毁）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517756877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517915079.png（钟鼎的圆口），表示捣毁钟鼎器物。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517965251.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517915079.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517485939.png。造字本义：动词，捣毁、破坏钟鼎等贵重器皿。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517376657.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517743445.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517295412.png，失去五指形象。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“损”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517586716.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“員”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517970743.png简化成“员”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517629271.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：損，減也。从手，員聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：损，减少。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“员”作声旁。

12恶。惡，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715253563.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715674128.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715521619.png（亞，位居第二的）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715320259.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715912393.png（心，意愿），表示不如愿的。造字本义：动词，内心无法接受的，反感的。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715551830.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715521619.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715535019.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715912393.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715790534.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“恶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715592029.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“亞”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715408788.png简化成“亚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715524556.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：惡，過也。从心，亞聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：恶，罪过。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“亚”作声旁

13让ràng襄，既是声旁也是形旁，表示佐助。讓，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245787773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245179077.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245600942.png（言，许诺）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245915529.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245110690.png（襄，佐助），表示诺、佐助。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245267882.png将金文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245600942.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245714294.png，将金文字形中的“襄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245110690.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245986608.png。造字本义：动词，许诺退位，协助对方获得。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023246442849.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245714294.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023246879294.png，将篆文字形中的“襄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245986608.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023246980081.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体字“让”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023246208679.png依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023246879294.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023246608541.png，并用字形简单的声旁“上”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023246794204.png代替正体楷书字形中的“襄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023246980081.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：讓，相責讓。从言，襄聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：让，相互责难。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“襄”作声旁。

14过guò咼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示残骨，借代死亡。過，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854703617.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854716116.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854506162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png（残骨，借代死亡），表示生命在岁月的行进中化成枯骨。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854818755.png将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png，将金文字形中的残骨形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png写成“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png。造字本义：动词，在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854650972.png将篆文字形或的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png写成“走字底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854333262.png，将篆文字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png。《汉字简化方案》中简体楷书“过”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854115298.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854764153.png，将正体楷书字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854762235.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：過，度也。从辵，咼聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：过，经由，经度。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“咼”作声旁。

15贬biǎn貶，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817144625.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817443271.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817460039.png（貝，货币）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817257551.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817195557.png（乏，缺少）。造字本义：动词，减损，使之缺少经济价值。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817980801.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817460039.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817789288.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817195557.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817386870.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817984820.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817789288.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817333673.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：貶，損也。从貝，从乏。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：贬，减损价值。字形采用“贝、乏”会义。

16酒jiǔ“酉”是“酒”的本字。酉，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921951309.png是指事字，字形像是有酒篓https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921776253.png伸进大缸https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921189413.png的酒坛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921348871.png，大缸中的一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921382213.png表示酒液。当“酉”的“酒坛”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921312724.png再加“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921513765.png，强调坛中饮料的液态性质。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921228400.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921535877.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921513765.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921206177.png，将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921457893.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921961089.png。造字本义：名词，用粮食的淀粉糖发酵制成的香甜兴奋饮料。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921558726.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921206177.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921478396.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921961089.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921138126.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：酒，就也，所以就人性之善惡。从水，从酉，酉亦聲。一曰造也，吉凶所造也。古者儀狄作酒醪，禹嘗之而美，遂疏儀狄。杜康作秫酒。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：酒，迁就满足。用来迁就满足人性中的善恶激情的刺激性饮料。字形采用“水、酉”会义，“酉”也作声旁。另一种说法认为，“酒”是成就的意思，是导致或吉或凶之事的原因。古昔时代仪狄发明了酒，大禹尝酒后大加赞美，并因仪狄的天才而疏远了他。还有说法认为，是杜康最早发明了高梁酒。

17阙què欮，既是声旁也是形旁，是“厥”的省略，表示短缺、欠缺。闕，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124083901687309.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126727378.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124083908500106.gif（門，城门）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126292175.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124083916362911.gif（欮，短缺、欠缺），表示空缺的城门，即象征性的无门之门。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124083931387771.gif将金文字形中的“欮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124083916362911.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124083950962527.gif。造字本义：名词，古代建筑师为城市、宫殿、祠庙、墓园、宅第的宽敞通道建造的入口导引标志性建筑，即导引人们以耸立在通道两侧的对峙建筑所形成的缺口，作为大门和入口。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124084002447636.gif将篆文字形中的“門”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124084030781449.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124084010912168.gif，将篆文字形中的“欮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124083950962527.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124084018353365.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“阙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124084046133229.gif，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“門”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124084010912168.gif简化成“门”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126107599.png。 附一 文言版《説文解字》：闕，門觀也。从門，欮聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：阙，宫门外两边的楼台。字形采用“门”作边旁，采用“欮”作声旁。


18色sè色，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811637921.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811891455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811396333.png（站着的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811600593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811417126.png（跪着的人），表示两人一前一后，即两性亲密接触。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811899723.png将甲骨文字形中的左右结构调整成上下结构：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811899723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811891455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811178003.png（人，体位在上）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811600593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811223026.png（“人”的变形，体位在下），明确一人在上、一人在下的性活动含义。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811186276.png表示一个人用手抓住https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811481469.png另一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811776601.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811173140.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，两性交合。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811919540.png误将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811423720.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811770254.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：色，顔气也。从人，从卪。凡色之屬皆从色。data:image/png;base64,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，古文。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：色，脸上的颜色、气色。字形采用“人、卪”会义。所有与色相关的字，都采用“色”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“色”字

19无wú无，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735836604.png是指事字，字形在表示“秃头”的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png字上加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735927534.png指事符号，表示全秃，强调“兀”的程度。造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735914971.png将篆文字形中的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735676357.png。“兀”是秃顶；“无”是全秃，完全光头。附一 文言版《説文解字》：無，亡也。从亡，無聲。无，奇字无，通于元者。王育说，天屈西北为无。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：無，没有。字形采用“亡”作边旁，采用“無”作声旁。“无”，这是一个奇字，是“元”的撇画向上贯通而产生的奇字。王育说，天穹向西北弓屈叫作“无”。

20污wū“污”是“汙”的异体字。于，既是声旁也是形旁，是“竽”的本字，表示吹管乐器。汙，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732783191.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733478734.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733509068.png（水，唾沫、口水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733540049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733340137.png（于，即“竽”，吹管乐器），表示口水留在吹奏过的竽管上。造字本义：动词，吹竽时口水弄脏了竽管。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733781517.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733509068.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733429828.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733340137.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733645918.png。楷书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733339246.png误将“于”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733645568.png写成“亏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733922179.png。古籍多以“污”代替“汙”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：汙，薉也。一曰小池爲汙。一曰涂也。从水，于聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：污，污秽。另一种说法认为，小池叫汙。还有一种说法认为，“汙”是涂抹的意思。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“于”作声旁。
21避bì辟，既是声旁也是形旁，表示杀头。避，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817182609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817483628.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817865376.png（彳，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817269565.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817835770.png（辟，杀头），表示为躲死难而逃亡。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817685182.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817151406.png将金文字形中的“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817162586.png写成“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817886187.png。造字本义：动词，为躲刑戳或战乱而逃离是非之地。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817157037.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817886187.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817793269.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817513240.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817574212.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：避，回也。从辵，辟聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：避，迂迴绕开。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“辟”作声旁。

22.嫌xián兼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示同时拥有。嫌，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925929723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925729025.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925777940.png（女，妻妾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925258843.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925291661.png（兼，同时拥有），表示同时拥有众多妻妾。在男尊女卑、一夫多妻的封建时代，男子在两性关系上处于优越的支配地位。造字本义：动词，妻妾成群的男子对妻妾不满、挑剔。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925265620.png将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925777940.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925269610.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925291661.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104925205874.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：嫌，不平於心也。一曰疑也。从女，兼聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：嫌，内心不平静。另一种说法认为，“嫌”是“猜疑”的意思。字形采用“女”作边旁，采用“兼”作声旁。

23远yuǎn袁，既是声旁也是形旁，表示衣物。遠，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138219725.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138161465.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png（袁，衣物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138699015.png（又，抓、持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138487174.png（亍，即“彳”，行进），表示带上衣物行囊长途出行。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138839145.png将“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png简写成“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138846170.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138878923.png加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138687596.png（趾，脚板），并将甲骨文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138554739.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082617271694.gif将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082740337951.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082626822410.gif，将金文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082859961447.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082348905378.gif。造字本义：动词，带上衣物行囊长途出行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138307354.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138803656.png写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138487064.png，将篆文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082348905378.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“远”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138127662.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png简化成“元”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138265049.png。
24疑yí疑，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132630165.png像一个拄着手杖的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132732325.png发傻地张大嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132346434.png，困惑而不知所向的样子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132895615.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132918388.png（十字路口），强调在十字路口迷路含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132157147.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132494435.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（牛，可能是“屰”之误写，迎面而来的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132298322.png（困惑地张着大嘴的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132353970.png（“彳”的误写）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132198159.png（止，行进），表示迷路者向迎面而来的行人问路。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132562956.png误将金文中张大的嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132664544.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png，误将金文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132915652.png（人）写成“矢”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png，并以“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png代替“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（“屰”之误写），表示小孩迷路。造字本义：动词，在十字路口不知所往。“疑”生于对外部的无知，致知即可释疑；“惑”生于内心的混乱，心乱生于贪欲——“四十不惑”，是指人到中年后能够看清自己真正的欲求而获得明智。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132795942.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132528919.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132156734.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132356943.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132543849.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132569641.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：疑，惑也。从子止匕，矢聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：疑，迷惑而不知所从。字形采用“子、止、匕”作边旁，采用“矢”作声旁。

25不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

26误wù吴，既是声旁也是形旁，是“娱”本字，表示游戏。誤，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044409878.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044766355.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044869397.png（言，说）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044500490.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044130164.png（吳，即“娱”，游戏），表示为制造娱乐而戏言。造字本义：动词，戏言，戏说，说错话。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044868732.png承续金文字形。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044970431.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044947075.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044736240.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044290339.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044788063.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044312722.png误将正体楷书字形中的“夨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044376265.png（夭，侧首摇摆的人）写成“天”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044222266.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“误”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044789453.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044736240.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023044682787.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：誤，謬也。从言，吳聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：误，谬误。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“吴”作声旁。

27博bó“博”和“搏”在金文字形中原本是一个字，从篆文开始分化。尃，既是声旁也是形旁，是“缚”的本字，表示捆绑。博，甲骨文假借“尃”。尃，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555811828.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555570798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555178925.png（像线绕在纺砖上）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555417626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555310284.png（又，抓），表示抓住并捆绑。博，金文字形多样化，都强调武力拼杀、绑获对手：金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555383003.png https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555570798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png（十，盾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555417626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555143865.png（尃，即“缚”），表示武力拼杀，捆绑俘虏；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555392272.png误将表示盾形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555410434.png；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555576992.png将“盾”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555881128.png；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555735618.png以“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555103698.png（矛）代替“盾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555742612.png则以“戈”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555621151.png代替“盾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555810575.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555392272.png，武力的线索消失。造字本义：武力拼杀，捆绑俘获敌人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555925884.png将篆文字形中的“尃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555238486.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555943889.png。当金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555383003.png被篆文写成“博”后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104556790872.png再加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104556705605.png另“搏”代替，表示拼杀的本义。附一 文言版《説文解字》：博，大通也。从十，从尃。尃，布也。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：博，广大而精通。字形采用“十、尃”会义。尃，分布。

28学xué學，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725629446.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725951374.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725842430.png（×，交叠的算筹）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725465036.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725611672.png（∩，是“六”的简写，即“庐”，房屋），表示练算习字的房屋。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725848628.png在算筹https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725649257.png两边加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725229428.png（爪，手），突出“手把手”教练的含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725108678.png在房屋https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725367831.png下面加“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725721181.png，表明教的对象。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725491605.png加“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725650024.png（持械打击），表示执教者体罚受教育者。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725366357.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，教孩子算数、习字的校舍。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725468677.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725774245.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725232943.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725449469.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725316953.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“学”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725172583.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725620433.png，将正体楷书字形要中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725232943.png简化成“学字头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105725756501.png。古人称理论知识的训练为“学”，称生活实践的体验为“习”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，覺悟也。从教，从冖。冖，尚矇也，臼聲。學，篆文data:image/png;base64,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省。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，觉悟。字形采用“教、冖”会义。“冖”表示尚处于蒙昧状态。采用“臼”作声旁。“學”，这是篆文写法的“data:image/png;base64,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”字，省略了“攴”。

29切qiē“七”是“切”的本字。七，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643439749.png是指事字，用一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643842709.png、一纵https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643443568.png表示切分物体。当“七”的“切分”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643477882.png将甲骨文字形中的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643439749.png写成“七”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643215067.png，并再加“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643103199.png另造“切”代替，强调用刀分割。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643710408.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，用刀分割物体。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643802233.png将篆文字形中的“七”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643909353.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643568271.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643412873.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643241976.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643603495.png承续篆文字形，将篆文字形中的“七”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643909353.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104643928457.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：切，刌也。从刀，七聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：切，切断。字形采用“刀”作边旁，采用“七”作声旁。

30问wèn門，既是声旁也是形旁，借代拘禁室。問，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244503608.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244351405.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244131939.png（門，借代拘禁室）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244303882.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244558526.png（口，审讯），表示、拘禁并审讯。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244784186.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244493128.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，拘禁并审讯。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244236070.png继承篆文字形。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“问”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244992702.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“門”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244900644.png简化成“门”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023244718986.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：問，訊也。从口，門聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：问，审讯。字形采用“口”作边旁，“门”作声旁。

31广guǎng“广”是“廣”的异体字。廣，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840899772.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840977590.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840117592.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840276592.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840179884.png（黄，即“寅”，练箭、练兵），表示练兵习武的宽敞房屋。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840221844.png将甲骨文字形中的“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840117592.png（房屋）写成“广”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840559235.png（开放墙体的建筑），强调便于练兵习武的开阔建筑空间，并将甲骨文字形中的“寅”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840179884.png写成“黄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840592805.png，箭形消失。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840125525.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840778416.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840365897.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840705294.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840443952.png。篆文异体字“广”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840365897.png省去“黄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840443952.png。造字本义：名词，开放局部墙体的宽敞建筑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840155355.png承续篆文字形。古籍多以“廣”代替“广”。《汉字简化方案》用“广”代替“廣”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：广，因广爲屋，象對剌高屋之形。凡广之屬皆从广。讀若儼然之儼。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：广，依崖架屋，像屋顶对刺的高屋。所有与广相关的字，都采用“广”作边旁。读音像读“俨然”的“俨”。

32知zhī“知”是“智”的本字。矢，既是声旁也是形旁，表示箭，借代行猎、作战。知，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702947251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702714676.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702978329.png（干，武器，借代行猎、作战）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702897854.png（口，谈论）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900734.png（矢，武器，借代行猎、作战），表示谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。在远古时代，弯弓使箭是成年人的基本常识和重要经验。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702577998.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702205237.png省去“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702453295.png，简化字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702949824.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702192883.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702484675.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702275600.png。当“知”的形容词含义“聪明、有战略”消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900151.png再加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702919768.png（说，传授）另造“智”代替，强调谈论和传授经验。附一 文言版《説文解字》：知，詞也。从口，从矢。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：知，表达了解、明白时的措词。字形采用“口、矢”会义。

33高gāo“高”、“京”、“亭”的甲骨文与金文字形相近，疑为同源。高，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836289533.png是象形字，字形像环形城墙https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836531539.png上的多层塔楼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836278679.png，用于瞭望预警的多层尖顶塔楼，下方的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836742712.png像城墙的门拱。简体甲骨文把多层的尖顶塔楼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836278679.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836849821.png、或https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836436120.png、或https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836367769.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836813740.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836269645.png将金文字形中的多层的尖顶塔楼形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836134458.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836874239.png。造字本义：名词，瞭望预警的多层楼台。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836590733.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836813740.png。简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836424560.png承续篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836269645.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：高，崇也。象臺觀高之形。从冂口。與倉、舍同意。凡高之屬皆从高。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：高，崇高。字形像台观建筑高耸的样子。字形采用“冂”作边旁。囗，与“仓”、“舍”字形下部的“囗”意思相同。所有与高相关的字，都采用“高”作边旁。

34行xíng行（háng），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856999838.png是象形字，字形像四通八达的十字路口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856131419.png将十字路口形状的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png误写成正反两个“双人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856160305.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856598545.png，失去路口形象。造字本义：名词，纵横畅通的十字路口。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856343815.png一定程度上恢复金文字形。从甲骨文、金文字形看，“行”的左右两边“彳”、“亍”，应该被称作“左行旁”、“右行旁”，而不是“双人旁”。附一 文言版《説文解字》：行，人之步趨也。从彳，从亍。凡行之屬皆从行。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：行，人们在路上行走或小跑。字形采用“彳、亍”会义。所有与行相关的字，都采用“行”作边旁。35微wēihttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040839995.png是https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040122334.png的本字。微，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040983211.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040971252.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040683714.png（长发的老人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040720759.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040849738.png（手执棍杖），表示老人拄杖而行。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040432153.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040956953.png加“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040301207.png（行进），强调行进。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040122334.png大体综合了金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040432153.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040956953.png的字形，将金文字形中的老人形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040412000.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040574461.png。造字本义：动词，老人拄杖缓行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040655711.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040479744.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040246917.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040173451.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040888148.png。附一 文言版《説文解字》：微，隱行也。从彳，data:image/png;base64,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聲。《春秋傳》曰：“白公其徒微之。”
附二 白话版《说文解字》：微，隐藏身份，悄悄行进。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。《春秋传》上说：“白公的门徒将他的尸体隐匿在山上。”
36言yán言，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051719954.png是指事字，字形在舌https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051937032.png的舌尖位置加一短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051250865.png，表示舌头发出的动作。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051278355.png省去短横指事符号，将舌形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051264562.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051952951.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051670562.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051500280.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，鼓舌说话。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051892385.png将篆文字形中的舌形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051562369.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051616709.png。晚期隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051298260.png把舌形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051616709.png简化成三横加“口”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051605696.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：言，直言曰言，論難曰語。从口，䇂聲。凡言之屬皆从言。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：言，直说叫“言”，论争辩驳叫“语”。字形采用“口”作边旁，采用“䇂”作声旁。所有与言相差的字，都采用“言”作边旁。
37.修xiū攸，既是声旁也是形旁，是“悠”的省略，表示小心。修，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942300658.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942288513.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942673427.png（攸，即“悠”，小心）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942865566.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942737496.png（二，疑为“彡”的简写，光彩），表示小心翼翼地着彩上色。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942289713.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942673427.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942281588.png，将金文字形中的“二”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942737496.png写成“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942940783.png。造字本义：动词，小心翼翼地着彩上色，装饰美化。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942990800.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942281588.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942999302.png。由于“脩”字与“修”字的读音相同、且字形相近，古籍常将“修”字与“脩”字相互假借。《汉字简化方案》用“修”字合并代替“脩”字。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：修，飾也。从彡，攸聲。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：修，装饰美化。字形采用“彡”作边旁，采用“攸”作声旁。
38身shēn“身”与“孕”本同源，后分化。身，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747167470.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747175869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747812260.png（腹部隆起的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747180971.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747895847.png（被包裹在里面的“子”，即胎儿），表示妇女腹部隆起，怀胎孕子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747262414.png用“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747990714.png代替“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747127283.png，强调妇女怀孕。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747568584.png写成指事字：在隆起的腹部https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747452974.png内加一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747721126.png，表示怀孕。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747335214.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747175869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747650176.png（孕妇）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747180971.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747837244.png（十，是“又”的变形，用手抓），表示孕妇手抚腹部，或用手托着大肚子，减轻沉甸甸的肚子给身体的负担。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747216907.png将金文字形中的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747837244.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747702884.png。造字本义：动词，妇女腹部隆起，怀胎孕子。隶化后的楷书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747871589.png中，篆文的“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747252850.png消失。当“身”的动词“怀孕”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747218005.png将甲骨文字形中的的包围结构调整上下结构，另造“孕”代替。在甲骨文里，半圆在“人”的前部为“身”（孕）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747148320.png；半圆在“人”的后部为“臀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747699383.png；半圆在“又”（手臂）的下方为“肱”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105747847927.png。
附一 文言版《説文解字》：身，躳也。象人之身。从人，厂聲。凡身之屬皆从身。
附二 白话版《说文解字》：身，躯体。像人的身体。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“厂”作声旁。所有与身相关的字，都采用“身”作边旁三翻译：穿上毛皮外衣的人的心之所向，即内心追求的目标。1绝嗜禁欲，所以除累。翻译1用刀将丝线切成两段（绝）般的将自己与保持了一生的口味（嗜）切成两段。（用刀切掉保持了一生的口味）。戒阻砍伐（禁）如深谷大壑一样永远填不满的贪求心念（欲）。可以去掉（除）心中的堆放在一起的线团（累）。2抑非损恶，所以让过。翻译2. 将对象制服跪地，并强制在其额头烙戳记号。（抑）思想相背者之间互相抵制、排挤，相互攻击、责难。（非）   捣毁、破坏（损）内心无法接受的，反感的。（恶）   就可以许诺退位，协助对方获得在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。（让过） 3贬酒阙色，所以无污。翻译3减损，使酒缺少经济价值（贬酒）。少两性交合（阙色）。所以使神头顶全秃，没有头发（无）吹竽时口水弄脏了竽管（污） 4避嫌远疑，所以不误。翻译：4为躲刑戳或战乱而逃离（避）妻妾成群的男子对妻妾不满、挑剔（嫌）。带上衣物行囊长途出行（远）在十字路口不知所往（疑）。所以不会有戏言，戏说，说错话。5博学切问，所以广知。翻译：武力拼杀，捆绑俘获敌人（博）般的理论知识的训练（学）。用刀分割物体--知识（切）。拘禁并审讯（问）学习中的问题。可以得到似开放局部墙体的宽敞建筑（广）般的谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验（知）。 6高行微言，所以修身。 翻译：6站在瞭望预警的多层楼台上看问题，在纵横畅通的十字路口上行走或小跑。老人拄杖缓行般的鼓舌说话。可以达到小心翼翼地着彩上色，装饰美化（修）-----妇女腹部隆起，怀胎孕子。（身）四简单体会：博字，通过查这个象形字典，我对这个字，感受到了与原来自己的内心不同的意思。更激烈，更有动感。博学，是要用这么大的力的，而不是轻飘飘的读过了知道了就可以了。绝，抑，那都是有力道的。只有用刀切断成两断，制服跪地，并强制那样才能做到绝和抑。从中，感受到了那个根本相通的精神。绝嗜禁欲，这是从末上行为上要求做的。实际上做到后，便也可达到根上养志的效果。其他方面也是一样，从末上行为上做到这几点，会达到养神，积德，养志，思达意通的效果。五吟诵已经发到群里。

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