睿涵的《素书》读书笔记 - 第3页 - 重读素书 - 珑夫心理服务网

睿涵发表于 2021-1-26 09:46:49

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-26 22:53 编辑

1.26今天任务：
略己而责人者不治，自厚而薄人者弃。
以过弃功者损，群下外异者沦，既用不任者疏，
行赏吝色者沮，多许少与者怨，既迎而拒者乖。
1略lüè“各”是“略”的本字。当“各”的“进犯”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106580651.png再加“田”（“疆”的省略）另造“略”代替。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106580651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106190275.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106363253.png（田，即“疆”，边界）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106520311.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106255250.png（各，进犯他邑），表示犯边。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106958332.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，侵入他邑，重定疆界。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106395224.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106250008.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106241285.png。古人称武力掠财为“侵”，称武力占地为“略”。附一文言版《説文解字》：略，經略土地也。从田，各聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：略，管理侵占的土地。字形采用“田”作边旁，采用“各”作声旁。

2己jǐ“己”是“纪”的本字。己，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105116922751.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105116973198.png像绳子系绕的样子。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105116311803.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105116143020.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，在绳子上系圈、打结，用以记数和记事，或标明物品的归属者。当“己”的“结绳记事”本义消失后，篆文再加“丝”另造“纪”代替。捆绑的绳子为“乙”* ，用绳子捆绑叫“己”（纪）。附一文言版《説文解字》：己，中宮也。象萬物辟藏詘形也。己承戊，象人腹。凡己之屬皆从己。
附二白话版《说文解字》：己，定位在中央。像万物因回避而收藏在土中弯弯曲曲的形状。己继承戊，字形像人腹。所有与己相关的字，都采用“己”作边旁。

3而ér“而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边

4责zé“責”是“債”的本字。責，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148526896.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148124078.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148135838.png（朿，用荆条鞭打）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148693939.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148402553.png（貝，钱财），表示催债。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148379991.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148732200.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，用荆条鞭打，逼迫返还所欠的钱财。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148897104.png误将篆文字形中的“朿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148457048.png写成“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148490961.png”，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148863917.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148996457.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“责”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148713472.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148996457.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148735710.png。当“責”的“催债”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“债”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：責，求也。从貝，朿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：责，催债。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“朿”作声旁。

5人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

6者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

7不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁

8治zhì治，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300524262.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300129839.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300734018.png（水，洪汛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300382560.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300559548.png（台，通“臺”，土石堆筑的坝堤），表示筑堤防洪。造字本义：动词，开凿水道，修筑堤坝，疏水防洪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300624324.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300734018.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300850072.png，将篆文字形中的“台”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300559548.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300974690.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：治，水。出東萊曲城陽丘山，南入海。从水，台聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：治，河川名。源于东莱郡曲城县的阳丘山，向南流入大海。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“台”作声旁。9自zì
“自”是“鼻”的本字。自，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558178546.png像人的鼻子，有鼻梁、鼻翼。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558314930.png突出鼻骨与鼻弯。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558565925.png略有变形，突出了两侧鼻翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558579239.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558718467.png将两侧鼻翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558579239.png连写成封闭的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558721829.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558656777.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558941059.png进一步失去鼻形。在向他人表达“我”的时候，人们习惯于手指本人脸部（即头部正面）的中央位置，即鼻部位置，于是“自”（即鼻子）渐渐成了第一人称。当“自”的“鼻子”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558996308.png再加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558300532.png（像蛇信，感觉器官）另造“鼻”代替，表示“鼻”的嗅觉功能。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：自，鼻也。象鼻形。凡自之屬皆从自。
附二白话版《说文解字》：自，鼻子。字形像鼻骨与鼻弯的形状。所有与自相关的字，都采用“自”作边旁。

10厚hòu
厚，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905977682.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032420599330.gif（厂，岩石、山陵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905427494.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif（是的倒写“享”，即倒写的享堂，借代阴间的祭殿、墓室），表示辟山为穴，凿陵为墓，建造地下的享堂；其中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif是“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116045305404912.gif的倒写，倒写的“享”，表示与地面上阳间享堂相反的地下阴间享堂。古代帝王在山陵的巨大岩体内开凿陵墓，以求地业千秋永恒，灵魂万世安宁。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032509595153.gif将甲骨文字形中倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032731460447.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032754906054.gif，享堂的屋顶形象消失。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032803548429.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032844293468.gif金文字形中由倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif写成“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif，字形有似倒写的“宫”。造字本义：名词，在巨大山陵岩体里开凿的帝王陵寝，即“陵墓”，也叫“地宫”；陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品，此即古代所谓的“厚葬”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif误将篆文字形中与倒写的“宫”相似的“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAPAQMAAAAI86dzAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBQUIyNTEyMzlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyNDlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRjhBIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QUFCMjUxMjE5RTYxMTFFOTk5MkRFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyMkU2MTExRTk5OTIwREVGRTRDM0NGRThBIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OLh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAJnUVygAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNjaFBg2L+AAU7+f8Dg4MAQ7wAi6w8wAMHvB1D0+QEASRkQwDJLU1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif写成“㫗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032937103794.gif，字形由甲骨文字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gif演变成楷书字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif，可谓面目全非。附一文言版《説文解字》：厚，山陵之厚也。从data:image/png;base64,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，从厂。垕，古文厚，从后、土。
附二白话版《说文解字》：厚，山陵之中的厚葬。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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、厂”会义。“垕”，是古文写法的“厚”字，采用“后、土”会义。
12薄bó
溥，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水大、四处漫延。薄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905475695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905774574.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png（艸，野草）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905156146.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905163069.png（溥，漫延），表示草丛漫延生长。造字本义：名词，漫延生长的草丛。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905899606.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905319343.png，将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905628186.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905165751.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：薄，林薄也。一曰蠶薄。从艸，溥聲。附二白话版《说文解字》：薄，林中草木丛生。一种说法认为“薄”是蠶薄。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“溥”作声旁。
13弃qì
其，既是声旁也是形旁，是“箕”的本字，表示箕筐，农用盛具。棄，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149695934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149922458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png（子，幼婴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png（其，即“箕”，竹筐）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149844333.png（双手），表示双手持箕，将箕筐中的幼婴送出家门。远古时代有些先民出于生存环境的压力，被迫将病婴、女婴、或无力养育的婴儿装在箕筐里，送到确信有人经过的地方，让善心人收养。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149628039.png将甲骨文字形中的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png写成倒写的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149502831.png，表示初生的婴儿。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149170804.png则将甲骨文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png简化字形，省去篆文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。造字本义：动词，将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149660680.png将篆文字形中倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149108795.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149262943.png，将篆文字形中双手持箕的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149245587.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149604566.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“弃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149686632.png，承续简体的篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：棄，捐也。从廾推data:image/png;base64,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棄之，从data:image/png;base64,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。data:image/png;base64,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，逆子也。弃，古文棄。
附二白话版《说文解字》：弃，遗弃婴儿。字形采用“廾”作边旁，表示双手推着箕筐data:image/png;base64,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将婴孩丢在有人过往的地方。字形也用data:image/png;base64,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作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是头朝下的孩子，表示被遗弃的婴孩。弃，这是古文写法的“弃”。
14以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

15过咼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示残骨，借代死亡。過，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854703617.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854716116.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854506162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png（残骨，借代死亡），表示生命在岁月的行进中化成枯骨。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854818755.png将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png，将金文字形中的残骨形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png写成“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png。造字本义：动词，在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854650972.png将篆文字形或的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png写成“走字底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854333262.png，将篆文字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png。《汉字简化方案》中简体楷书“过”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854115298.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854764153.png，将正体楷书字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854762235.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：過，度也。从辵，咼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：过，经由，经度。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“咼”作声旁。

16功gōng工，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巧妙用力的器械。功，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148686314.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148215869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148506664.png（工，巧具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148612864.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png（力，使劲），表示利用器械，巧妙发力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148702673.png将金文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png。造字本义：动词，运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148707230.png将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148674042.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：功，以勞定國也。从力，从工，工亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：功，费心费力，使国家安宁。字形采用“力、工”会义，“工”也作声旁。

17损sǔn員，既是声旁也是形旁，表示钟鼎的圆口。損，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517174157.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517426140.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517743445.png（手，捣毁）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517756877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517915079.png（钟鼎的圆口），表示捣毁钟鼎器物。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517965251.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517915079.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517485939.png。造字本义：动词，捣毁、破坏钟鼎等贵重器皿。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517376657.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517743445.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517295412.png，失去五指形象。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“损”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517586716.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“員”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517970743.png简化成“员”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517629271.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：損，減也。从手，員聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：损，减少。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“员”作声旁。

18群qún“群”是“羣”的异体字。君，既是形旁也是声旁，表示主宰、统治。羣，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510395658.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510772402.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510787349.png（众多羊只）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510269488.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510890987.png（攴，鞭策、驱赶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510269488.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510565754.png（口，呟喝），表示牧羊者吆喝着将四处散落的羊只驱赶到一起。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510621921.png误将甲骨文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510565754.png（呟喝）和“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510890987.png（驱赶）合写成“君”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510972776.png；并同时将“君”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510972776.png（主宰、统治）作为声旁。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809103738316328.gif承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809114432471387.gif将篆文字形中的“君”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809103949306472.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809114440871751.gif，将篆文字形中的“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809103801954675.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809114448393014.gif。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809114708453542.gif将上下结构调整成左右结构。造字本义：动词，牧羊者呟喝、驱赶，将众多羊只聚集在一起。古籍多以“羣”代替“群”。《汉字简化方案》用“群”代替“羣”。附一文言版《説文解字》：羣，輩也。从羊，君聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：群，同辈人。字形采用“羊”作边旁，采用“君”作声旁。

19下xià“下”是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，顶端一横较长，底端的一横较短。古人用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png代表混沌太初状态；用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230147841.png将表示“天”的北端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的南端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png承续甲骨文字形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230978137.png，以显示纵的方向。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230924770.png省去短横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230842678.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与天相对的地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230635098.png承续金文字形。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底也。指事。下，篆文data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底部。“下”是指事字。下，篆文写作“data:image/png;base64,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”。

20外wài外，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811646427.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811994719.png（卜，占卜、占问）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811682428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818779.png（内，穴居），表示远离居所占星问卜。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811726307.png以“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811640249.png（月亮，借代星夜）代替甲骨文字形中的“内”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818779.png，表示在星夜占卜。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811388247.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，在星夜的郊野占星问卜。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811370608.png将篆文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811691159.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811448302.png，将篆文字形中的“卜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811696297.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811224186.png。古人称进门回家为“内”；称出门到郊野占星问卜为“外”。　附一文言版《説文解字》：外，遠也。卜尚平旦，今夕卜，於事外矣。
附二白话版《说文解字》：外，疏远。占卜的人平常喜欢在白天占卜，而今在夜晚占卜，这对于占卜之事来说就是例外了。

21异yì巳，既是声旁也是形旁，表示胎儿。异，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125286024.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125476118.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125786522.png（巳，胎儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125804660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125678844.png（双手抱持），表示手抱婴儿。造字本义：动词，送养或遗弃不正常的婴儿。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125348571.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125786522.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125177829.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125678844.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125125460.png。由于“异”和“異”字形相似、字义相近，古籍常常将“异”和“異”相互假借。《汉字简化方案》用“异”合并代替“異”。“尤”是抓持过多食物；“奇”是中原人所罕见的骑马代步；“特”是祭祀时牺牲专用的小公牛；“异”是不正常的婴儿。附一文言版《説文解字》：异，舉也。从廾，㠯聲。《虞書》曰：“岳曰：异哉！”
附二白话版《说文解字》：异，推举。字形采用“廾”作边旁，采用“㠯”作声旁。《虞书》上说：“诸侯长说，推举他吧！”

23沦lún侖，既是声旁也是形旁，表示高低有序。淪，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652124004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652534619.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652138999.png（水，波纹）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652398213.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652982675.png（侖，次序），表示水波渐次推进荡开。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652939233.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，水波渐次推进。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652750448.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652296338.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652561678.png，将篆文字形中的“侖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652108500.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652961049.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“沦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652898500.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“侖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020653149933.png简化成“仑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020653635434.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：淪，小波爲淪。从水，侖聲。《詩》曰：“河水清且淪漪。”一曰没也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：沦，和缓的波浪叫“沦”。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“仑”作声旁。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“河水清澈且微波粼粼。”一种说法认为，“沦”是“沉没”的意思。

24既jì“旡”是“既”的本字。旡，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825182086.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825879839.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825982917.png（转向背后的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825987555.png）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825709723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826321624.png（既，跪坐着的人），表示吃饱饭后，掉过头，嘴背着面前的餐桌。当“旡”作为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826145452.png再加“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826140349.png另造“既”代替。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826540834.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826762417.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，吃饱打嗝，转身离席，与“即”相反。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826398680.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826732634.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826744444.png，将篆文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826328826.png写成“旡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826267267.png。古人称近食就餐为“即”；称餐毕离席为“既”。附一文言版《説文解字》：既，小食也。从皀，旡聲。《論語》曰：“不使勝食既。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：既，稍稍吃一点。字形采用“皀”作边旁，采用“旡”作声旁。《论语》上说，“不使肉食胜过米食。”

25用yòng“用”是“桶”的本字。用，甲骨文、金文字形极其多样丰富，绝大多数字形像某种器具。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140696305.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png（脚趾）的字形上加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140473431.png，表示供人洗脚的水桶。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140244400.png将“止”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140241411.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140903412.png将“止”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140302406.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140290273.png将“止”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140296596.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140974655.png写成有提手的桶形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140947398.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140900225.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，供人盛水洗脚的木桶。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140979976.png对篆文字形进行较大变形，写成“冂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140182493.png加“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140320136.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140204910.png的三包围结构。当“用”的“木桶”本义消失后，篆文再加“木”另造“桶”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：用，可施行也。从卜，从中。衞宏說。凡用之屬皆从用。data:image/png;base64,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，古文用。
附二白话版《说文解字》：用，可以施行。字形采用“卜、中”会义。注：此论是旁引卫宏先生对“用”的本义说法。所有与用相关的字，都采用“用”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“用”字。

26任rèn任，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829357162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829186833.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829518301.png（工，巧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829118630.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829618451.png（人，远古的手工业者），表示能工巧匠。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829630971.png在“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829497003.png的握柄上加圆点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829501247.png，写成“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829364147.png，表示善于巧用器具，有办事能力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829523779.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，聪明能干，精于办事。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829954735.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829411467.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829931935.png，将篆文字形中的“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829688888.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829412103.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：任，符也。从人，壬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：任，委任状。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“壬”作声旁。

28疏，shū疋，既是声旁也是形旁，是“足”的本字，表示行走的脚。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117132770.png，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117280428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117407884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117743165.png（西，包囊）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117512162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117425638.png（疋，行走的脚），表示带着包囊离家而行。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117598117.png，篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117709854.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117927499.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117407884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117846296.png（爻，希，稀少）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117512162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118801329.png（足，即“疋”的误写，行走的脚），表示引导出离，以减小人口密度。篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118677240.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117407884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118236207.png（足，“疋”的误写，行走的脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117512162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118436215.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118339431.png，即“流”），表示人员行走、流动。造字本义：动词，引导人员从一个固定地点向其他地方流动，以减小现有人口密度，减轻天灾或人祸的毁灭性破坏。隶书异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118910845.png、楷书异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118393937.png承续篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118677240.png。楷书“疏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118946151.png综合篆文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118958538.png”和篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”，并将篆文字形中的“疋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117425638.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118556425.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118436215.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118325734.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：疏，通也。从㐬，从疋，疋亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：疏，开通。字形采用“足、疋”会义，同时“疋”也作声旁。

29行xíng行（háng），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856999838.png是象形字，字形像四通八达的十字路口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856131419.png将十字路口形状的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png误写成正反两个“双人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856160305.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856598545.png，失去路口形象。造字本义：名词，纵横畅通的十字路口。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856343815.png一定程度上恢复金文字形。从甲骨文、金文字形看，“行”的左右两边“彳”、“亍”，应该被称作“左行旁”、“右行旁”，而不是“双人旁”。附一文言版《説文解字》：行，人之步趨也。从彳，从亍。凡行之屬皆从行。
附二白话版《说文解字》：行，人们在路上行走或小跑。字形采用“彳、亍”会义。所有与行相关的字，都采用“行”作边旁。

30赏shǎng尚，既是声旁也是形旁，表示尊崇、追求。賞，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116242019.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116414654.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116852625.png（尚，尊崇、追求）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116361480.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116305588.png（貝，钱财），表示赐予钱财，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116989490.png把“尚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116852625.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116118283.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116322912.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，奖赐财物，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116410628.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116542275.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116628520.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116544087.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116184820.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“赏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116518951.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116184820.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116299346.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：賞，賜有功也。从貝，尚聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：赏，奖赐有功的人。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“尚”作声旁。

31吝lìn吝，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136539316.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136304785.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136506685.png（文，远古时代刻在甲骨上的象形字，或刻在岩壁上的岩画）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136804188.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136383319.png（口，解说），表示解说古老岩画。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136113142.png、籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136160806.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136374942.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，破译、解读甲骨或岩壁上的古老神秘的图文符号。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136919858.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136773765.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136276469.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：吝，恨惜也。从口，文聲。《易》曰：“以往吝。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：吝，悔恨，痛惜。字形采用“口”作边旁，采用“文”作声旁。《易经》上说：“长此以往将会后悔。”

32色sè色，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811637921.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811891455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811396333.png（站着的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811600593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811417126.png（跪着的人），表示两人一前一后，即两性亲密接触。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811899723.png将甲骨文字形中的左右结构调整成上下结构：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811899723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811891455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811178003.png（人，体位在上）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811600593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811223026.png（“人”的变形，体位在下），明确一人在上、一人在下的性活动含义。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811186276.png表示一个人用手抓住https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811481469.png另一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811776601.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811173140.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，两性交合。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811919540.png误将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811423720.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811770254.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：色，顔气也。从人，从卪。凡色之屬皆从色。data:image/png;base64,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，古文。
附二白话版《说文解字》：色，脸上的颜色、气色。字形采用“人、卪”会义。所有与色相关的字，都采用“色”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“色”字。

34沮jǔ且，既是声旁也是形旁，是“阻”省略，表示阻挡。沮，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255190655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255776148.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255545905.png（且，即“阻”，阻挡）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255155744.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255743712.png（水，河川），表示河川之阻。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255710838.png以“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255522219.png代“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255743712.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255258021.png基本承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，大河阻挡前路。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255816780.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255438105.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255896379.png。山遮为“阻”；水隔为“沮”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：沮，水。出漢中房陵，東入江。从水，且聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：沮，河川。源出汉中房陵，向东汇入长江。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“且”作声旁。

35多duō多，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457632219.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457131099.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457364946.png（夕，肉块）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457897097.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457365092.png（夕，肉块），表示两份肉食。在物质匮乏的原始共产平分时代，人们均分物用，尤其均分对生在影响重大的肉食，一人独占双份或数份肉食，就是“超额”的破例。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457460214.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457472508.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，一人独占双份、数份肉食。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457828850.png承续篆文字形。平分肉食为“宜”；独享双份肉食为“多”；堆积大量肉食为“叠”。附一文言版《説文解字》：多，重也。从重夕。夕者，相繹也，故爲多。重夕爲多，重日爲曡。凡多之屬皆从多。data:image/png;base64,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，古文多字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：多，重复。字形采用“重夕”会义。夕，表示相演绎，所以变成多。重叠“夕”字叫“多”；重叠“日”字叫“曡”。所有与多相关的字，都采用“多”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“多”。

36许xǔ午，既是声旁也是形旁，是“杵”的本字，表示向下舂插。許，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140117757.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140936652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140670478.png（言，说话）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140154882.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140407902.png（午，即“杵”，向下舂插），表示且说且杵，比喻说话时不断地点头。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140342315.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，点头答应，允诺。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140671777.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140577056.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140885442.png，将篆文字形中的“午”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140827289.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140189003.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“许”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140174354.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140885442.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140209295.png。现代汉语中常“许诺”并用，“许”表示同意、赞成，给予对方做某事的权力；“诺”表示接受、顺从，愿意按照对方的诉求去做某事。附一文言版《説文解字》：許，聽也。从言，午聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：许，听从、采纳。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“午”作声旁。

37少shǎo“小”、“少”同源，后分化。少，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907916201.png在指事字“小”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907476383.png（沙子）字上再加一点指事符号，表示“小”的相关特征。造字本义：形容词，规模小的，数量不多的。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907626888.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907144290.png为区别于“小”，将底部的一点写成撇“丿”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907260541.png承续金文字形。
附一文言版《説文解字》：少，不多也。从小，丿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：少，不多。字形采用“小”作边旁，采用“丿”作声旁。

38与yǔ与，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837104242.png是指事字，字形在“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837242396.png（食勺）上加一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837688686.png，表示用勺子添食。造字本义：动词，用食勺为别人添食。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837940555.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837242396.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837731889.png。《汉字简化方案》用“与”合并代替“與”。附一文言版《説文解字》：与，賜予也。一勺爲与。此与，與同。
附二白话版《说文解字》：与，赐予。“一”、“勺”会义成“与”字。这个字与“與”字含义相同。

39怨yuàn夗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，表示弯曲、回转。怨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410750773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713198618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png（夗，即“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，弯曲回转）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713178887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png（心，情绪），表示委婉、迂回表达的负面情绪。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/16/20200116090226266386.gif将金文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png写成“命”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410107754.png，将籀文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410394136.png，表示对强令的不满。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713419582.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713509642.png将篆文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713179371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713840325.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713716123.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713921385.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：怨，恚也。从心，夗聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨。
附二白话版《说文解字》：怨，藏恨于心。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“夗”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨字。

41迎yíng卬，既是声旁也是形旁，表示仰视。迎，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131396453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131102898.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/31/20200331090723559814.gif（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131230599.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131971641.png（卬，仰视），表示上前仰视接客。造字本义：动词，仰面上前接待，以示敬重和热情。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131322498.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/31/20200331090723559814.gif写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131302665.png，将篆文字形中的“卬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131971641.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131697171.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：迎，逢也。从辵，卬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：迎，相逢也。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“卬”作声旁。

42拒jù巨，既是声旁也是形旁，是“距”的省略，表示制造相隔空间。拒，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947145422.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947142845.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947570984.png（手，抵抗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947909709.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947743022.png（巨，“距”），表示抵抗以保持距离。造字本义：动词，抗击对方，抵制于安全距离。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947715954.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947570984.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947125648.png。
43乖guāi瓜，既是声旁也是形旁，即“苽”，表示孤伶伶、静悄悄挂在藤蔓上的果实。乖，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853686717.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853410663.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853365228.png（人，当事人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853820548.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577180.png（瓜，即“苽”，藤蔓上孤伶伶、静悄悄的果实），表示人如瓜，比喻孤单而安静。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853626293.png以垂蔓形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577460.png（“苽”的省略）代替“瓜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577180.png，以“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853586334.png（背）代替“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853365228.png，表示背离人群，孤僻。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853164975.png误将籀文字形中两个“人”构成的“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853586334.png写成“兆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853808299.png。造字本义：动词，像闷瓜一样不合群，孤僻独处。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853780586.png误将籀文字形中的垂蔓形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577460.png写成“千”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853290129.png，将籀文字形中的“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853586334.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853881973.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：乖，戾也。从data:image/png;base64,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 从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAMAQMAAACOZ9XdAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpCRjBEODIwOEU5NEUxMUU2OEZGRDkxOERBMEY5RTVBNyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpCRjBEODIwOUU5NEUxMUU2OEZGRDkxOERBMEY5RUE3Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QkYwODIwNkU5NEUxMUU2OEZGRDkxOERBMEY5RTVBNyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpCRjBEODIwN0U5NEUxRTY4RkZEOTE4REEwRjlFNUE3Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDe3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEA/xcw4QAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACJJREFUGNNjePeA4X4CCO1fwFB/gOHtAxC6B0b7E0CofgEAQs8RXmSLg7kAAAAASUVORK5CYII=。data:image/png;base64,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，古文別。
附二白话版《说文解字》：乖，怪戾。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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、data:image/png;base64,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”会义。“乖”字中的“data:image/png;base64,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”，是古文写法的“別”字。
三翻译略己而责人者不治1.侵入他邑，重定疆界(略) 在绳子上系圈、打结，用以记数和记事，或标明物品的归属者(己）下巴上的胡须。（而）用荆条鞭打，逼迫返还所欠的钱财。（责）躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。（人）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居（不）开凿水道，修筑堤坝，疏水防洪（治）翻译：简化，删除。自己的责任。用荆条鞭打，逼迫他人返还所欠的钱财。（责）的人不能治理好国家。（幽莫幽于贪鄙）2自厚而薄人者弃。鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官。（自）重视，看重（重）下巴上的胡须。（而）轻视（薄）他人古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养。（弃）翻译：看重自己，而轻视他人的人将被人放弃。（-----幽莫幽于贪鄙） 3. 以过弃功者损母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。（以）在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。（过-行为出格，犯错。）将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养。（弃）运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。（功）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）捣毁、破坏钟鼎等贵重器皿。（损）翻译：与过－行为出格，犯错）母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。将功装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养的人的德威会被捣毁，破坏。（---幽莫幽于贪鄙４群下外异者沦牧羊者呟喝、驱赶，将众多羊只聚集在一起。（群）与天相对的地。（下）在星夜的郊野占星问卜。（外）送养或遗弃不正常的婴儿（异）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）水波渐次推进。（沦－－沉没，沉落。）翻译：臣民在星夜的郊野送养或遗弃不正常的婴儿的君主则会沉没。-----幽莫幽于贪鄙５．既用不任者疏，吃饱打嗝，转身离席，与“即”相反。（既－古人称近食就餐为“即”；称餐毕离席为“既”）需要（用）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居（不）聪明能干，精于办事。（任）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）引导人员从一个固定地点向其他地方流动，以减小现有人口密度，减轻天灾或人祸的毁灭性破坏。（疏）翻译：转身离开需要的人不任用他，则会被人们疏离。（幽莫幽于贪鄙）６行赏吝色者沮做，为－－－行动／执行。（行－纵横畅通的十字路口。）奖赐财物，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。（赏）爱惜过分，当耗费的舍不得耗费，该使用的舍不得使用。（吝）两性交合。（色）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）大河阻挡前路（沮）翻译：行赏给功臣时却又表现出舍不得的样子的君主则会被大河阻挡前路。（心口不一，不真诚）------幽莫幽于贪鄙７多许少与者怨一人独占双份、数份肉食。（多）点头答应，允诺（许）规模小的，数量不多的（少）用食勺为别人添食。（与－给予賜予）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。（怨）翻译：点头答应，允诺给对方双份或数份肉食，赐予数量不多的肉食。则会得到对方以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。（前后不一致）--------幽莫幽于贪鄙。８既迎而拒者乖。吃饱打嗝，转身离席，与“即”相反。（既－古人称近食就餐为“即”；称餐毕离席为“既”）仰面上前接待，以示敬重和热情。（迎--仰视）下巴上的胡须。（而）抗击对方，抵制于安全距离（拒）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）像闷瓜一样不合群，孤僻独处。（乖－－不合群，孤僻独处。）翻译：表面迎接仰视对方，实则是抗击对方，抵制于安全距离的人。则会像闷瓜一样不合群，孤僻独处。（--------幽莫幽于贪鄙）简单心得：1略己而责人者不治----幽莫幽于贪鄙2自厚而薄人者弃。--幽莫幽于贪鄙3.. 以过弃功者损---幽莫幽于贪鄙４群下外异者沦----幽莫幽于贪鄙5既用不任者疏-----幽莫幽于贪鄙６行赏吝色者沮----幽莫幽于贪鄙７多许少与者怨----幽莫幽于贪鄙8既迎而拒者乖----幽莫幽于贪鄙五吟诵已经发群里。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-27 07:48:15

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-27 20:56 编辑

1.27.薄施厚望者不报，贵而忘贱者不久。念旧怨而弃新功者凶，用人不正者殆，强用人者不畜，为人择官者乱，失其所强者弱，决策于不仁者险，阴计外泄者败，厚敛薄施者凋。
一二，查字正音。
1薄bó，溥，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水大、四处漫延。薄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905475695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905774574.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png（艸，野草）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905156146.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905163069.png（溥，漫延），表示草丛漫延生长。造字本义：名词，漫延生长的草丛。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905899606.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905319343.png，将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905628186.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905165751.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：薄，林薄也。一曰蠶薄。从艸，溥聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：薄，林中草木丛生。一种说法认为“薄”是蠶薄。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“溥”作声旁。

2施shī也，既是声旁也是形旁，是“蛇”的省略，表示蜿蜒蠕动。施，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625240283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625944500.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625242256.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625334709.png，是“旗”的本字，飘扬的军旗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625492626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625948884.png（也，即“蛇”，蜿蜒蠕动），比喻军旗在风中旖旎飘动。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625589218.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625242256.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625140385.png，即误将金文字形中的旗杆形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625567272.png写成“方”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625372082.png，误将金文字形中的旗幅形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625461222.png写成“人”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625224916.png。造字本义：动词，军旗在柔和的风中旖旎招展。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625955628.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625140385.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625685398.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625115000.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625421598.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：施，旗皃。从㫃，也聲。齊欒施字子旗，知施者旗也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：施，旗帜飘动的样子。字形采用“㫃”作边旁，采用“也”作声旁。齐国欒施字子旗，由此可知施是旗。

3厚hòu厚，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905977682.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032420599330.gif（厂，岩石、山陵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905427494.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif（是的倒写“享”，即倒写的享堂，借代阴间的祭殿、墓室），表示辟山为穴，凿陵为墓，建造地下的享堂；其中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif是“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116045305404912.gif的倒写，倒写的“享”，表示与地面上阳间享堂相反的地下阴间享堂。古代帝王在山陵的巨大岩体内开凿陵墓，以求地业千秋永恒，灵魂万世安宁。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032509595153.gif将甲骨文字形中倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032731460447.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032754906054.gif，享堂的屋顶形象消失。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032803548429.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032844293468.gif金文字形中由倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif写成“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif，字形有似倒写的“宫”。造字本义：名词，在巨大山陵岩体里开凿的帝王陵寝，即“陵墓”，也叫“地宫”；陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品，此即古代所谓的“厚葬”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif误将篆文字形中与倒写的“宫”相似的“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif写成“㫗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032937103794.gif，字形由甲骨文字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gif演变成楷书字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif，可谓面目全非。
附一文言版《説文解字》：厚，山陵之厚也。从data:image/png;base64,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，从厂。垕，古文厚，从后、土。
附二白话版《说文解字》：厚，山陵之中的厚葬。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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、厂”会义。“垕”，是古文写法的“厚”字，采用“后、土”会义。

4望wàng望，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148396911.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148789015.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148483751.png（臣，向下看）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148167974.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148448026.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148902022.png，挺立），表示登高远眺。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148840636.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148180752.png加“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148204805.png，表示月圆之夜举目远眺，寄托对遥远亲友的思念之情。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148554212.png误将“臣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148863182.png写成“耳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148465317.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148311509.png则将“耳”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148465317.png写成“亡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148152268.png（氓），表示流落他乡的人，对月怀乡；同时“亡”也兼作声旁。造字本义：动词，月夜远眺，寄托思念。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148945304.png综合金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148180752.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148311509.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148992034.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148180752.png。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148158409.png承续籀文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148945304.png。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148721096.png将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148469853.png（tǐng）写成纯粹的声旁“王”（wáng），表示“望”的读音，即将“望”由“会义”兼“形声”的类型，变成纯粹的“形声”字类型；这种“变形音化”的目的，是使文字更加世俗化。
附一文言版《説文解字》：望，出亡在外，望其還也。从亡，朢省聲。附二白话版《说文解字》：望，对外出流亡的亲人，期望他们返回家乡。字形采用“亡”作边旁，用有所省略的“朢”作声旁。5者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo5RkM2NkY3M0ZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDQwRiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5RkM2NkY3NEZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDBGIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6OUY2NkY3MUZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDQwRiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5RkM2NkY3MkZBNTExRTlBMjdEQjY2NzQwNEYwNDBGIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEA5JmsxgAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNj+PuDAYjeSDC8/QFFQPD/B8P7HVB0PYJh1wuG2g8A2iEVyLuwPiIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

6不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

7报bào“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212985965.png”是“報”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212985965.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212846448.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212121797.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212140330.png（人，嫌犯）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212455299.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212642325.png（又，抓、押送），表示带押嫌犯。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212202322.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212572522.png加“幸”，强调“報”的刑事特征。造字本义：动词，古代法官升堂传令，带押罪犯受审。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212179101.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212438408.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212185652.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212226981.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212594413.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“报”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212572821.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212185652.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212408379.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：報，當罪人也。从幸，从data:image/png;base64,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。data:image/png;base64,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，服罪也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：报，承担与其罪行相应刑罚的人。字形采用“幸、data:image/png;base64,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”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，表示服罪。

8贵guì貴，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841251073.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841543027.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841615161.png（双手，抓、捧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841699813.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841412631.png（土，故土），像双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841615161.png捧着泥土https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841412631.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841577203.png增加“宁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841161948.png（即“贮”，存宝的匣子），强调离乡或流亡的人将具有象征性的泥土装进匣子，以示对故土的崇敬与珍爱。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841284423.png将甲骨文字形中的双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841845794.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841243116.png，将甲骨文字形中的匣子“宁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841161948.png写成不知所云的“人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841413783.png”，并用“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841966947.png（价值）代替甲骨文字形中的“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841412631.png，强调故土在离乡或流亡者心中的神圣“价值”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841977858.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，收藏故土，以示对故乡故国的崇敬与珍爱。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841177912.png将篆文字形中的“臾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841660896.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841622104.png，将篆文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841754659.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841988133.png，篆文字形中的“爪”形消失，字形晦涩。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841683107.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841988133.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841788147.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：貴，物不賤也。从貝，臾聲。臾，古文蕢。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贵，货物价格不低贱。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臾”作声旁。臾，古文写作“蕢”。

9而ér而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边旁。

10忘wàng亡，既是声旁也是形旁，表示不存在、消失。忘，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216960645.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216389504.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216965384.png（亡，消失）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216556218.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216959656.png（心，记忆）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216309317.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，从记忆中消失，不记得。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216619180.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216836460.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216287645.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216147419.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216219449.png。净心为“慧”，无心为“忘”。附一文言版《説文解字》：忘，不識也。从心，从亡，亡亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：忘，不记得。字形采用“心、亡”会义，“亡”也作声旁。

11贱jiàn戔，既是声旁也是形旁，表示刀戈相加。賤，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845605811.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845341436.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845861685.png（贝壳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845752318.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845988968.png（戔，刀戈相加），表示用刀、戈破坏贝壳。远古时代完整的贝壳曾经是可流通的货币，而贝壳的碎块却没有货币功能。造字本义：动词，毁坏贝壳，使其失去货币价值。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845367435.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845861685.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845521657.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845988968.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845409062.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贱”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845730670.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845521657.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845847468.png，将正体楷书字形中的“戔”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845409062.png简化成“戋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845130001.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：賤，賈少也。从貝，戔聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贱，价格卖得低。字形采用“贝”作边旁，“戋”作声旁。

12久jiǔ“镹”是“久”的异体字。久，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112345858623.gif是指事字，字形在“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112357325788.gif的腿部位置加一捺指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112405506061.gif，表示驻足等待。驻足等待容易感受时间的漫长。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112417678247.gif承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，停止行进，驻足等待。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112512890131.gif将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112523293925.gif写成。当“久”从动词“驻足等待”引申出形容词“持续时间长”后，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/18/20201218024502814207.gif再加“長”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/18/20201218024548671638.gif（时间长）另造“镹”代替，强调等待的时间长。古籍多以“久”代替“镹”。长途迁移为“千”，驻足等待为“久”。附一文言版《説文解字》：久，以後灸之，象人兩脛後有距也。《周禮》曰：“久諸牆以觀其橈。”凡久之屬皆从久。
附二白话版《说文解字》：久，从背后作针灸。字形像两腿后面保持距离。《周礼》上说：“将木柄顶在两墙之间用微火烤之，并观察它的弯曲程序。”所有与久相关的字，都采用“久”作边旁。

13念niàn“唸”是“念”的异体字。今，既是声旁也是形旁，是“吟”的本字，表示低吟。念，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215322265.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215299739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215147712.png（倒写的“口”，表示低头言语）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215496226.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215351213.png（心，惦记），表示挂在嘴上，放在心上，情感难舍。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215962738.png将甲骨文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215147712.png写成“今”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215101710.png，将甲骨文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215351213.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215686198.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215237835.png承续金文字形。篆文异体字“唸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215244950.png加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215654880.png，强调自言自语。造字本义：动词，因惦记怀想而自言自语。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215912885.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215327930.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215758917.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215943006.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215328085.png。古籍多以“念”代替“唸”。附一文言版《説文解字》：念，常思也。从心，今聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：念，经常惦记。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“今”作声旁。

14旧jiù臼，既是声旁也是形旁，是金文对甲骨文字形中“凵”的误写，表示作为鸟类巢穴的地面凹洞。舊，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304185479.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304543920.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304553493.png（高冠的鸟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304142409.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304145450.png（凵，地面凹洞），像一个有冠羽的猫头鹰https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304553493.png栖息在巢穴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304145450.png中。有些鸟类不筑巢，选择土墙或土壁上原有小洞空为巢。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304360823.png将甲骨文字形中冠羽状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304231688.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304774303.png，并误将甲骨文字形中的土洞“凵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304145450.png写成“臼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304653227.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304154245.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，不筑巢的鸟类栖息在原本存在的土洞中。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304512980.png依据草书字形将隶书字形中的“臼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304563668.png简化成“旧”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304903154.png。《汉字简化方案》中简体楷“旧”省去正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023304215464.png，“隹”形消失，“凵”形消失，即“旧”是正体楷书字形中的“臼”的变形。附一文言版《説文解字》：舊，舊畱也。从萑臼聲。鵂，舊或从鳥休聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：旧，保留旧的。字形采用“萑”作边旁，采用“臼”作声旁。鵂，有的“舊”采用“鸟”作边旁，用“休”作声旁。

15怨yuàn夗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，表示弯曲、回转。怨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410750773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713198618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png（夗，即“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，弯曲回转）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713178887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png（心，情绪），表示委婉、迂回表达的负面情绪。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/16/20200116090226266386.gif将金文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png写成“命”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410107754.png，将籀文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410394136.png，表示对强令的不满。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713419582.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713509642.png将篆文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713179371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713840325.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713716123.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713921385.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：怨，恚也。从心，夗聲。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDoxM0I2QTQzM0Y3RUMxMUU5QkJGQUE0RTlDRUE0MkUxNiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDoxM0I2QTQzNEY3RUMxMUU5QkJGQUE0RTlDRUE0MjE2Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MTNCNkE0MzFGN0VDMTFFOUJCRkE0RTlDRUE0MkUxNiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDoxM0I2QTQzMkY3RUMxMUU5QkJGQUE0RTlDQTQyRTE2Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4d/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAiSQXvQAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAC5JREFUGNNj+PuD4dcPhu8VDOdnMBgkMPz/wfCOg+HdC4ZVELSC4d0JhndAwR8Ax10WCdFYlFYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，古文怨。
附二白话版《说文解字》：怨，藏恨于心。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“夗”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨字。

16而ér“而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边旁。

17弃qì其，既是声旁也是形旁，是“箕”的本字，表示箕筐，农用盛具。棄，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149695934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149922458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png（子，幼婴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png（其，即“箕”，竹筐）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149844333.png（双手），表示双手持箕，将箕筐中的幼婴送出家门。远古时代有些先民出于生存环境的压力，被迫将病婴、女婴、或无力养育的婴儿装在箕筐里，送到确信有人经过的地方，让善心人收养。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149628039.png将甲骨文字形中的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png写成倒写的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149502831.png，表示初生的婴儿。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149170804.png则将甲骨文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png简化字形，省去篆文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。造字本义：动词，将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149660680.png将篆文字形中倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149108795.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149262943.png，将篆文字形中双手持箕的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149245587.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149604566.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“弃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149686632.png，承续简体的篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：棄，捐也。从廾推data:image/png;base64,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棄之，从data:image/png;base64,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。data:image/png;base64,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，逆子也。弃，古文棄。
附二白话版《说文解字》：弃，遗弃婴儿。字形采用“廾”作边旁，表示双手推着箕筐data:image/png;base64,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将婴孩丢在有人过往的地方。字形也用data:image/png;base64,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作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是头朝下的孩子，表示被遗弃的婴孩。弃，这是古文写法的“弃”。

18新xīn“辛”是“新”的本字；而“新”又是“薪”的本字。辛，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723185359.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723121043.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723664418.png（像刀刃）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723845962.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723728259.png（木，原木），表示加刃于木，即用刀斧劈柴。当“辛”的“劈柴”动词本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723255428.png再加“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723231959.png（斧子）另造“新”代替，强调用刀斧劈开原木。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723945463.png将“辛”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723185359.png中的“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723728259.png简化成“屮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723445384.png。原木的表皮通常灰暗而多褶皱，而劈开后木心所呈现的，却白晳而平滑，并且富于清新宜人的自然气息，因此“新”从“劈柴”的动词本义引申出“开辟性的、前所未有的”形容词含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723818575.png将甲骨文字形中的“辛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723185359.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723118649.png，将甲骨文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723231959.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723253406.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723872496.png将金文字形中的“辛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723118649.png写成“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723925484.png，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723253406.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723867116.png。造字本义：动词，用锋利的刀斧将原木劈成两半，备作柴薪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723214394.png将篆文字形中的“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723925484.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723664940.png，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723867116.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723155985.png。当“新”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723204265.png再加“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/14/20200314024224898160.gif（草木）另造“薪”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：新，取木也。从斤，亲聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：新，劈柴，将木头劈成散材。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“亲”作声旁。

19功gōng工，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巧妙用力的器械。功，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148686314.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148215869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148506664.png（工，巧具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148612864.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png（力，使劲），表示利用器械，巧妙发力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148702673.png将金文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png。造字本义：动词，运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148707230.png将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148674042.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：功，以勞定國也。从力，从工，工亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：功，费心费力，使国家安宁。字形采用“力、工”会义，“工”也作声旁。

20凶xiōng凶，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316385665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316604182.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316795578.png（凵，像凹陷的坑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316704001.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316595349.png（乂，像交错的利刺），表示在陷阱里布满尖刺，以刺杀坠落的猎物。造字本义：名词，致命的陷阱。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316380742.png承续篆文字形。“凶”是客观环境险恶；“兇”是人为的凶恶；由于字形、字义相近，古籍多以“凶”合并“兇”。附一文言版《説文解字》：凶，惡也。象地穿交陷其中也。凡凶之屬皆从凶。
附二白话版《说文解字》：凶，恶难。字形像地面塌穿，而人交陷其中。所有与凶相关的字，都采用“凶”作边旁。

21用yòng“用”是“桶”的本字。用，甲骨文、金文字形极其多样丰富，绝大多数字形像某种器具。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140696305.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png（脚趾）的字形上加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140473431.png，表示供人洗脚的水桶。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140244400.png将“止”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140241411.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140903412.png将“止”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140302406.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140290273.png将“止”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140296596.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140974655.png写成有提手的桶形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140947398.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140900225.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，供人盛水洗脚的木桶。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140979976.png对篆文字形进行较大变形，写成“冂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140182493.png加“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140320136.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140204910.png的三包围结构。当“用”的“木桶”本义消失后，篆文再加“木”另造“桶”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：用，可施行也。从卜，从中。衞宏說。凡用之屬皆从用。data:image/png;base64,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，古文用。
附二白话版《说文解字》：用，可以施行。字形采用“卜、中”会义。注：此论是旁引卫宏先生对“用”的本义说法。所有与用相关的字，都采用“用”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“用”字。

22人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

23正zhèng“正”是“征”的本字。正，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152985815.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152472104.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152594042.png（囗，城邑、方国）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152163034.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152101674.png（止，行军），表示征伐不义之邑。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152569799.png将表示方国的方框https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152594042.png写成实心点的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152130816.png，写成指事字。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152495062.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152997789.png将指事符号由实心点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152130816.png改写成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152414433.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152283545.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，行军征战，讨伐不义之地。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152570162.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152443118.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152612154.png。当“正”的“征战”本义消失后，甲骨文再加“彳”（行）另造“征”代替。古人称不义的侵略为“各”，称仗义的讨伐为“正”。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152652591.png附一文言版《説文解字》：正，是也。从止，一以止。凡正之屬皆从正。㱏，古文正。从二；二，古上字。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo0RTcyNzY1M0Y1NkYxMUU5ODFEREVDQkMyMUIxRDI5NyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo0RTcyNzY1NEY1NkYxMUU5ODFEREVDQkMyMUIxRDk3Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6RTcyNzY1MUY1NkYxMUU5ODFEREVDQkMyMUIxRDI5NyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieHAuZGlkOjRFNzI3NjUyRjU2RjExRTk4MURERUNCQzIxQjFEMjk3Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBABcRHHEAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAApSURBVBjTY2jgYPj/g+GABMP9GyAEZPz9AUJ3fzDc4QCRQLT2B0MBAwCfshQAAAxOWgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==，古文正。从一、足；足亦止也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：正，纠正，使恰当。字形采用“止”作字根，指事符号“一”表示阻止错误。所有与正相关的字，都采用“正”作边旁。㱏，这是古文写法的“正”字，采用“二、止”会义，二，表示上苍。data:image/png;base64,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，这也是古文写法的“正”字，采用“一、足”会义，足，也是“止”的意思。

24殆dài台，既是声旁也是形旁，是“胎”的省略。殆，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442856689.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442702641.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442278144.png（歹，即“死”的省略）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442667663.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442230465.png（台，即“胎”的省略），表示死胎。造字本义：动词，胎死腹中。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104443282140.png将篆文字形中的“歹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442278144.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104443277766.png，将篆文字形中的“台”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442230465.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104443483835.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：殆，危也。从歺，台聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：殆，危险。字形采用“歹”作边旁，采用“台”作声旁。

25强qiáng强，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049265145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049427307.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049514491.png（弘，声音大）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049175283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049293212.png（虫，爬行动物），表示动物的发出的巨大声音。造字本义：名词，呼啸声震憾人的大型爬行动物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049740077.png将篆文字形中的“弘”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049514491.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049234071.png，将篆文字形中的“虫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049293212.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049731366.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：強，蚚也。从虫，弘聲。data:image/png;base64,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，籒文强，从䖵，从彊。
附二白话版《说文解字》：強，蚚类昆虫。字形采用“虫”作边旁，采用“弘”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文的“强”，采用“䖵”作边旁，“彊”作声旁。

26畜xù畜，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034550123305.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212808713.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034607331279.gif（幺，丝、绳索）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212442408.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034616247584.gif（囗，封闭的围栏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212442408.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034623711068.gif（艸，植物），表示用绳索将牛羊等动物系在栏圈内，并以草料饲养。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034643825224.gif以“米”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034652559109.gif（谷物）代替“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034623711068.gif，表示用谷物饲养驯化的动物。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034706137333.gif误将甲骨文字形中由围栏“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411060625178118.gif和“米”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034652559109.gif所构成的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411055515456420.gif写成“田”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034719424613.gif。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034727588211.gif误将“幺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411055723746284.gif（绳索）误写成“玄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034734558900.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034743992393.gif承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，用绳索将牛羊等驯化动物系在围栏里，用草料或谷物饲养，以备家庭对肉食的不时之需。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034756888226.gif将篆文字形中的“玄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034750964089.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034803544766.gif。现代汉语中常“牲畜”并用，用以敬神的鲜活家畜叫“牲”；家庭饲养、储备的鲜活动物叫“畜”。附一文言版《説文解字》：畜，田畜也。《淮南子》曰：“玄田爲畜。”data:image/png;base64,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，《魯郊禮》畜从田、从兹。兹，益也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：畜，耕田的力畜。《淮南子》上说：“玄、田会义即为‘畜’字”。data:image/png;base64,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，《鲁郊礼》上说，“畜”字由田、兹会义。兹，表示增加。

27为wéi“爲”是“撝”和“僞”的本字；“為”是“爲”的异体字。爲，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051054689200.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023933419305.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051104952954.gif（又，抓、牵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023933225889.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051112508309.gif（象，大型力畜），表示驯兽师手牵大象，驯化大象的野性，使大象为主人服役，劳作载重。大象是陆地上最大型的力畜，在严重依赖体力的远古时代，驯化大象为主人服务，在古人看来是是一项无所不能的发明。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051518388425.gif用“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051528994851.gif（抓）代替“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051104952954.gif（抓），将“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051112508309.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051627824179.gif。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051828416878.gif将甲骨文字形中长鼻大口的“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051627824179.gif写成长鼻大耳的“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051819350294.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051852933200.gif将金文字形中的“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051819350294.gif写成不知所云的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051910727039.gif。造字本义：动词，人工引导驯服大象，使大象掌握超越自然本能的劳动技能，变成听命于主人的劳动力。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934663506.png将篆文字形中的“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051931607080.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934467319.png，将篆文字形中的“象”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051910727039.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934881797.png。俗体楷书“為”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934258970.png将正体楷书字形中一撇三点的“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934467319.png简化成一点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2019/12/26/20191226022354861598.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“为”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023934321702.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2019/12/26/20191226022309133508.gif整体简化。当“爲”引申出“用手势指引、指导”的动词含义后，篆文再加“手”另造“撝”代替，强调手势的作用；当“爲”引申出“不自然、不真实”的形容词含义后，金文再加“人”另造“僞”代替，强调自然因素之外人类主观意志的因素。古籍多以“爲”代替“為”。现代汉语将“爲”和“為”都简化成“为”。附一文言版《説文解字》：爲，母猴也。其爲禽好爪。爪，母猴象也。下腹爲母猴形。王育曰：“爪，象形也。”data:image/png;base64,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，古文为，象兩母猴相對形。
附二白话版《说文解字》：为，弥猴。作为走兽的弥猴喜欢用它的爪子。爪，就是弥猴的形象特征所在。“为”的篆文字形下部像弥猴的形状。王育说：“爪的字形，像弥猴的爪形”。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“为”字，像两只弥猴相对的样子。

28择zé睪，既是声旁也是形旁，表示观察辨别、拘捕嫌犯。擇，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063507528558.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427844554.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063646989270.gif（睪，观察辨别、拘捕嫌犯）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427489373.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063706645801.gif（廾，双手），表示拘捕嫌犯。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063854955577.gif将“睪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063646989270.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063923494788.gif，省去“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063706645801.gif，加“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063951885867.gif（持械击打），表示强力拘捕。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427743113.png将金文字形中的“睪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063646989270.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122064154173955.gif，以“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122064047746462.gif代替金文字形中的“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063706645801.gif。造字本义：动词，观察辨别、拘捕嫌犯。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427152065.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122064047746462.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427309071.png，将篆文字形中的“睪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122064154173955.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122064537647856.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“择”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427209448.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“睪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427628407.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427953203.png。　附一文言版《説文解字》：擇，柬選也。从手，睪聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：择，柬拨，挑选。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“睪”作声旁。

29官guān官，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921985004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921745964.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921795442.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921729044.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921456907.png（兵符、权印），表示放兵符的房屋。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921692925.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921456907.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921816337.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921917923.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921816337.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921927221.png。造字本义：名词，藏有朝廷所授权印的军政要地，政府。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921703081.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921186581.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921597415.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921927221.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921680225.png。汉语中常“官宦”和“官僚”并称。古人称拥有大权的军政要员为“官”；称辅佐大臣或帝王的家臣为“宦”；称辅佐一般官吏的私人高参为“僚”。　附一文言版《説文解字》：官，吏，事君也。从宀，从data:image/gif;base64,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。data:image/gif;base64,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猶眾也。此與師同意。
附二白话版《说文解字》：官，官吏，服务于君王的人。字形采用“宀、data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCQAOAIABAAAAAP///yH/C1hNUCBEYXRhWE1QPD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbWV0YSB4bWxuczp4PSJhZG9iZTpuczptZXRhLyIgeDp4bXB0az0iQWRvYmUgWE1QIENvcmUgNS4zLWMwMTEgNjYuMTQ1NjYxLCAyMDEyLzAyLzA2LTE0OjU2OjI3ICAgICAgICAiPiA8cmRmOlJERiB4bWxuczpyZGY9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJkZjphYm91dD0iIiB4bWxuczp4bXA9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC8iIHhtbG5zOnhtcE1NPSJodHRwOi8vbnMuYWRvYmUuY29tL3hhcC8xLjAvbW0vIiB4bWxuczpzdFJlZj0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wL3NUeXBlL1Jlc291cmNlUmVmIyIgeG1wOkNyZWF0b3JUb29sPSJBZG9iZSBQaG90b3Nob3AgQ1M2IChXaW5kb3dzKSIgeG1wTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpGQTQ2MUZBQTc5MjExMUU4OEY4OUNGMDJEM0JDMkU4RiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpGQTQ2MUZBQjc5MjExMUU4OEY4OUNGMDJEM0JDMkU4RiI+IDx4bXBNTTpEZXJpdmVkRnJvbSBzdFJlZjppbnN0YW5jZUlEPSJ4bXAuaWlkOkZBNDYxRkE4NzkyMTExRTg4Rjg5Q0YwMkQzQkMyRThGIiBzdFJlZjpkb2N1bWVudElEPSJ4bXAuZGlkOkZBNDYxRkE5NzkyMTExRTg4Rjg5Q0YwMkQzQkMyRThGIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz7+vn49/b19PPy8fDv7u3s6+rp6Ofm5eTj4uHg397d3Nva2djX1tXU09LR0M/OzczLysnIx8bFxMPCwcC/vr28u7q5uLe2tbSzsrGwr66trKuqqainpqWko6KhoJ+enZybmpmYl5aVlJOSkZCPjo2Mi4qJiIeGhYSDgoGAf359fHt6eXh3dnV0c3JxcG9ubWxramloZ2ZlZGNiYWBfXl1cW1pZWFdWVVRTUlFQT05NTEtKSUhHRkVEQ0JBQD8+PTw7Ojk4NzY1NDMyMTAvLi0sKyopKCcmJSQjIiEgHx4dHBsaGRgXFhUUExIREA8ODQwLCgkIBwYFBAMCAQAAIfkEAQAAAQAsAAAAAAkADgAAAheMYXl64I8QiyzQaeGzdXWtfdI0KiBUAAA7”会义。data:image/gif;base64,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好像众多的样子。此个data:image/gif;base64,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与“師”中的data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCQAOAIABAAAAAP///yH/C1hNUCBEYXRhWE1QPD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbWV0YSB4bWxuczp4PSJhZG9iZTpuczptZXRhLyIgeDp4bXB0az0iQWRvYmUgWE1QIENvcmUgNS4zLWMwMTEgNjYuMTQ1NjYxLCAyMDEyLzAyLzA2LTE0OjU2OjI3ICAgICAgICAiPiA8cmRmOlJERiB4bWxuczpyZGY9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJkZjphYm91dD0iIiB4bWxu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30乱luànhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png，既是声旁也是形旁，金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734410846.png像纺织者手工https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734898356.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734977974.png整理纺织机https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734777355.png上散乱或混杂无序的丝线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734296907.png，使丝线条理有序，便于纺织。亂，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734971218.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734321764.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png，手工整理织机上混杂无序的丝线）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734749129.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734345965.png（乙，织机上的丝线），表示织机上的丝线混杂无序。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734619456.png将金文字形的左右结构调整成上中下结构。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734635507.png将金文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png。造字本义：形容词，织机上的丝线混杂无序。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734647048.png将篆文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png，将篆文字形中的“乙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734706898.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734245274.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734904614.png依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734622467.png，用“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”（正体楷书省略“舌”而写作“辭”；俗体楷书省略“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png”而写作“辞”）省略成的“舌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734835707.png代替正体楷书字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png。古籍中，“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734578600.png”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734849481.png”，后来多由“治”合并代替；“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”后来多由“辭”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：亂，治也。从乙，乙，治之也；从data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：乱，理清杂丝。字形采用“乙”作边旁，“乙”表示理清纷杂的丝绪。字形也采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁。

31失shī失，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632754016.png在手“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632679430.png上加一捺指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632995410.png，表示手未抓牢。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632414717.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，手未抓牢而丢落。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632303721.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632214926.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632125143.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：失，縱也。从手，乙聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：失，放手、脱手而不能控制。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“乙”作声旁。

32其qí“其”是“箕”的本字。其，简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/28/20200328115951491361.gif是象形字，字形像有两个提手的盛具https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120102431404.gif，盛具由竹篾交错编织https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120219501696.gif而成，是“箕”的本字。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120541846233.gif、简体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120645913600.gif承续简体甲骨文字形。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gif加“廾”写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016451334.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif（竹制盛具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016818280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif（廾，双手持举），表示手持簸箕，在风中扬去谷物的皮壳，三点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120527517250.gif表示簸箕https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif上方飘飞的皮壳糠屑。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120711421933.gif误将繁体甲骨文字形中的“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif连写成“丌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif。有的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120736489164.gif误将本该写成“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif写成一横两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120751977244.gif。繁体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120837410166.gif承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：名词，竹篾编织成的开口簸箕，是农家的轻便盛具，可用于舂谷时颠簸扬糠。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120929550519.gif将篆文字形中的竹框“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120916623977.gif、与“廾”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120922228454.gif上部的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120808859206.gif所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121230279523.gif，连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121238285948.gif，导致字形费解。当“其”的本义消失后，甲骨文再加“筐”另造“箕”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：箕，簸也。从竹、data:image/png;base64,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，象形，下其丌也。data:image/png;base64,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，古文箕省。其，籀文箕。
附二白话版《说文解字》：其，箕簸。字形采用“竹、data:image/png;base64,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”会义，象形，下部是箕脚丌。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEC2dJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDoyMDlCMjQ3M0ZBNjUxMUU5QUU1OEExMDYwRjUwQjIwOSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDoyMDlCMjQ3NEZBNjUxMUU5QUU1OEExMDYwRjUwQjA5Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MDlCMjQ3MUZBNjUxMUU5QUU1OEExMDYwRjUwQjIwOSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD14bXAuZGlkOjIwOUIyNDcyRkE2NTExRTlBRTU4QTEwNjBGMEIyMDkiLz4gPC9yZGY6RGVzY3JpcHRpb24+IDwvcmRmOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDx4cGFja2V0IGVuZD0iciI/PgH//v38+/r5+Pf29fTz8vHw7+7t7Ovq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPR0M/OzczLysnIx8bFxMPCwcC/vr28u7q5uLe2tbSzsrGwr66trKuqqainpqWko6KhoJ+enZybmpmYl5aVlJOSkZCPjo2Mi4qJiIeGhYSDgoGAf359fHt6eXh3dnV0c3JxcG9ubWxramloZ2ZlZGNiYWBfXl1cW1pZWFdWVVRTUlFQT05NTEtKSUhHRkVEQ0JBQD8+PTw7Ojk4NzY1NDMyMTAvLi0sKyopKCcmJSQjIiEgHx4dHBsaGRgXFhUUExIREA8ODQwLCgkIBwYFBAMCAQD6XmqtAAAAA3NCSVQBAQF8LneCAAAABlBMVEUAAAD///+l2Z/dAAAAAnRSTlP/AOW3MEoAAAABYktHRAH/Ai3eAAAADGNtUFBKQ21wMDcxMgAAAAdPbbelAAAAJklEQVQY02O4f4MBgoAASJ6fwXA9guHWDYa7N0AkkA0UAYofkAAApZITsXojh/UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，古文的写法是“箕”省略“竹”。其，就是籀文写法的“箕”字。

33所suǒ斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斫”的省略，表示刀斧砍、削。所，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061551504926.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108495674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif（户，门窗，借代房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108578877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif（斤，即“斫”的省略，用刀斧砍、削），表示伐木筑屋。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061650124601.gif将金文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif。造字本义：动词，木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061741580887.gif将篆文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061749571171.gif，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061756848163.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：所，伐木聲也。从斤，戶聲。《诗》曰：“伐木所所。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：所，砍伐树木的声音。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“户”作声旁。《诗经》有诗句唱道：“挥斧伐木，所所传响。”

34强qiáng强，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049265145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049427307.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049514491.png（弘，声音大）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049175283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049293212.png（虫，爬行动物），表示动物的发出的巨大声音。造字本义：名词，呼啸声震憾人的大型爬行动物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049740077.png将篆文字形中的“弘”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049514491.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049234071.png，将篆文字形中的“虫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049293212.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049731366.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：強，蚚也。从虫，弘聲。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA4AAAAXAQMAAAABX+zBAAAEC2dJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo5MTJBQzJBM0Y0MTUxMUU5OUI3OEU3ODcwMEYwQjNBRCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5MTJBQzJBNEY0MTUxMUU5OUI3OEU3ODcwMEYwQkFEIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6OTJBQzJBMUY0MTUxMUU5OUI3OEU3ODcwMEYwQjNBRCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD14bXAuZGlkOjkxMkFDMkEyRjQxNTExRTk5Qjc4RTc4NzAwMEIzQUQiLz4gPC9yZGY6RGVzY3JpcHRpb24+IDwvcmRmOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPwH//v38+/r5+Pf29fTz8vHw7+7t7Ovq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwcC/vr28u7q5uLe2tbSzsrGwr66trKuqqainpqWko6KhoJ+enZybmpmYl5aVlJOSkZCPjo2Mi4qJiIeGhYSDgoGAf359fHt6eXh3dnV0c3JxcG9ubWxramloZ2ZlZGNiYWBfXl1cW1pZWFdWVVRTUlFQT05NTEtKSUhHRkVEQ0JBQD8+PTw7Ojk4NzY1NDMyMTAvLi0sKyopKCcmJSQjIiEgHx4dHBsaGRgXFhUUExIREA8ODQwLCgkIBwYFBAMCAQAGLaR3AAAAA3NCSVQBAQF8LneCAAAABlBMVEUAAAD///+l2Z/dAAAAAnRSTlP/AOW3MEoAAAABYktHRAH/Ai3eAAAADGNtUFBKQ21wMDcxMgAAAAdPbbelAAAAPklEQVQY02PgYGB4/4fhDQvD2y0MPCwMtVsYalgY6v8wVDCASB6w+BsYCVQ5A6j+DkMzC8PqEBD59gYDAwMAGf0XBi3NcJkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，籒文强，从䖵，从彊。
附二白话版《说文解字》：強，蚚类昆虫。字形采用“虫”作边旁，采用“弘”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文的“强”，采用“䖵”作边旁，“彊”作声旁。

“强”的字义引申
我评引申线索：

35弱ruòhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052212667.png，两“弓”会义，表示弓子强劲有力；https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052773060.png，像须发，表示年长或衰老。弱，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052479944.png在https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052212667.png各加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052773060.png，表示强弓已老旧，比喻强劲的弓弩在使用很久之后失去弹力。造字本义：形容词，强弓寿命已到，缺乏力量。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052348496.png省去其中一撇。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052856132.png将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052279473.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052761171.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：弱，橈也。上象橈曲，彡象毛氂橈弱也。弱物并，故从二data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：弱，柔曲。字形上部的“弓”像柔曲的形状；而“彡”，像毛发柔弱的样子。柔弱的事物往往相连相存，因此字形采用两个data:image/png;base64,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会义。

36决jué“决”是“決”的异体字。夬，既是声旁也是形旁，是“玦”的本字，表示中断、分别。决，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644506805.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644813482.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644144429.png（水，洪水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644214298.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644217263.png（夬，即“玦”，中断），表示洪水将堤岸冲出口子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644766726.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644144429.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644643783.png，将篆文字形中的“夬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644217263.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644858855.png。楷书异体字“决”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644344674.png，将正体楷书字形中的“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644643783.png简写成“两点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644346827.png。造字本义：动词，大水冲裂堤岸。古籍多以“决”代替“決”。附一文言版《説文解字》：決，行流也。从水，从夬。廬江有決水，出於大別山。
附二白话版《说文解字》：决，在洪汛期打开水坝，让洪水畅通。字形采用“水、夬”会义。庐江有決水河，源出于大別山。

37策cè朿，既是声旁也是形旁，是“刺”的本字，表示棘刺。策，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359380018.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359397749.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359687747.png（“竹”的变形）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359860088.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359629283.png（朿，棘刺），表示竹鞭。造字本义：名词，用来刺激、驱赶马匹的竹鞭。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359834391.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359687747.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359262573.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359629283.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359774654.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359859068.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359262573.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359185499.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359774654.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359521033.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：策，馬箠也。从竹，朿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：策，赶马的竹鞭。字形采用“竹”作边旁，采用“朿”作声旁。

38于yú“于”是“竽”的本字。于，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930361270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930213683.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930734265.png（（于，即“竽”，竹管吹奏乐器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930696739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930371156.png（凹凸曲折），表示竽管乐音起伏迂回。在有柄的吹奏乐器“丂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930105886.png（参见“号”、“可”）的手柄部位加一横，表示手握乐器；凹凸曲折的符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930895137.png，表示乐音婉转起伏。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930257458.png省去凹凸起伏的符号。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930473704.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930764121.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930192415.png有所变形。造字本义：名词，婉转起伏的竽管乐音。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930791472.png恢复简体金文字形。当“于”的“竹笛”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930321912.png再加“竹”另造“竽”代替。由于“于”（男女新婚仪式上必备的音乐演奏）与“於”（成双成对的鸟儿比翼齐飞）读音相同，而且含义存在内在关联，古人于是有时假借“于”代替“於”。《汉字简化方案》用“于”合并代替“於”。附一文言版《説文解字》：于，於也，象气之舒亏。从丂，从一。一者，其气平之也。凡亏之屬皆從亏。今變隸作于。
附二白话版《说文解字》：于，即“於”，像气息的舒张与亏缺。字形采用“丂、一”会义。“一”代替气息平缓。所有与亏相关的字，都采用“亏”作边旁。现今“於”简化写作“于”。

39仁rén人，既是声旁也是形旁，表示普天之下不同身份地位的生活者。仁，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946953790.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946144985.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946476186.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946189353.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946221094.png（二，等同、相等，参见“均”、“齐”），表示人人相等，亦即等而视之，视人若已，将心比心，同情包容。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946577476.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946476186.png写成“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946816708.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946575199.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946816708.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946824769.png。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946783897.png将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946824769.png写成“千”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946272308.png（众多，代表众生）、“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946409674.png（慈爱）会义，表示心怀众生，宽容博爱。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946122328.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，尊重人道，相信人性相通，视人若已，同情包容，尤指强势者对弱势者的厚道。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946247491.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946923153.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946979371.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：仁，親也。从人，从二。忎，古文仁从千心。data:image/png;base64,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，古文仁或从尸。
附二白话版《说文解字》：仁，亲爱。字形采用“人、二”会义。忎，这是古文写法的“仁”，字形采用“千、心”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，这是“仁”的古文异体字，字形采用“尸”作边旁。

40险xiǎn僉，既是声旁也是形旁，是“劍”的省略，表示利剑。險，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152486408.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152459680.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152852570.png（山，峰顶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152243709.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152537842.png（僉，即“劍”，利剑），表示峰峭如剑。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152796695.png用“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152235043.png（石阶，代高山）代“山”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152852570.png。造字本义：名词，比喻陡峭如剑的山峰。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152531726.png将篆文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152235043.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152795047.png，将篆文字形中的“僉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/14/20200114061229447926.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152687788.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“险”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152430813.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“僉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152687788.png简化成“佥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152951818.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：險，阻，難也。从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAkAAAAOAQMAAADHWqTrAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpDNjM2RUMxMzBBMjQxMUVBOEQ0N0VFRTZFOUM5OTI2RSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpDNjM2RUMxNDBBMjQxMUVBOEQ0N0VFRTZFOUM5OTZFIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NjM2RUMxMTBBMjQxMUVBOEQ0N0VFRTZFOUM5OTI2RSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpDNjM2RUMxMkEyNDExRUE4RDQ3RUVFNkU5Qzk5MjZFIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L2RmOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7W0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAHVmy6gAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAABlJREFUGNNj+N7A8L6B4X4DAxDUM4BJ7GwA21sHwRTooHQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，僉聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：险，阻碍、难以通行的山崖。字形采用“左耳旁”（阜）作边旁，采用“僉”作声旁。

41阴yīn侌，既是声旁也是形旁，是“霒”的本字，表示天空多云、没有阳光、有雨情。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921646206.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921881364.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921304561.png（阜，山地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921456004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921821340.png（侌，天空多云、没有阳光），表示山地背阳、缺少阳光的北坡。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921916437.png将金文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921304561.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921180529.png，将金文字形中的“侌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921821340.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921565602.png。造字本义：名词，山地背阳的潮湿北坡。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921398691.png将篆文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921180529.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921733171.png，将篆文字形中的“侌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921565602.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921843900.png。《汉字简化方案》用“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921397170.png（与“日”相对，表示没有阳光）代替正体楷书字形中的“侌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921107120.png（天空多云而没有阳光）另造会义字“阴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921438816.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：陰，闇也。水之南、山之北也。从data:image/png;base64,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，侌聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：阴，昏暗无光。阴坡，在河川南面、山岭北面。字形采用“左耳旁”（阜）作边旁，采用“侌”作声旁。

42计jì十，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巨大数量。计，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524131170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524954381.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524896927.png（午，疑为对“十”的误写）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524159802.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524879679.png（言，说话、商谈），表示大量的商谈。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524725156.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524879679.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524732950.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524896927.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524550690.png。造字本义：动词，众人七嘴八舌地商议、谋划。篆文隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524165383.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524732950.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524762506.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“计”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524285256.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524795705.png简写成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524603663.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：計，會也。筭也。从言，从十。
附二白话版《说文解字》：计，合算，算数。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“十”作声旁。

43外wài外，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811646427.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811994719.png（卜，占卜、占问）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811682428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818779.png（内，穴居），表示远离居所占星问卜。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811726307.png以“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811640249.png（月亮，借代星夜）代替甲骨文字形中的“内”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818779.png，表示在星夜占卜。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811388247.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，在星夜的郊野占星问卜。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811370608.png将篆文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811691159.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811448302.png，将篆文字形中的“卜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811696297.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811224186.png。古人称进门回家为“内”；称出门到郊野占星问卜为“外”。　附一文言版《説文解字》：外，遠也。卜尚平旦，今夕卜，於事外矣。
附二白话版《说文解字》：外，疏远。占卜的人平常喜欢在白天占卜，而今在夜晚占卜，这对于占卜之事来说就是例外了。

44泄xiè世，既是声旁也是形旁，是“卅”的异体字，表示三十，即数量巨大。泄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065517226922.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704514566.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065526603372.gif（水，积水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704532928.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065535249632.gif（丗，即“卅”，三十），表示大量排水。造字本义：动词，快速、大量地排水。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704311326.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065526603372.gif写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704848237.png；将篆文字形中的“世”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065535249632.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704974869.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：泄，水。受九江博安洵波，北入氐。从水，丗聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：泄，河川。接纳九江博安的支流，于北面流入低洼地。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“丗”作声旁。

45败bài貝，既是声旁也是形旁，表示财宝。敗，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812872601.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812840660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812177566.png（貝，财宝）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812864774.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812734992.png（攴，持械敲打），表示毁坏宝贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812927238.png用“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812207720.png（至尊的象征）代替“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812177566.png（财宝），表示毁坏尊鼎。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812560726.png用“賏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812579690.png代替甲骨文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812177566.png，强调毁坏大量钱财。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812633154.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，敲破尊鼎或宝贝，损毁家当。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812850960.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812556154.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812981259.png，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812812265.png写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812105145.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“败”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812265665.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812981259.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812523654.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：敗，毀也。从攴、貝。敗賊皆从貝，會意。贁，籒文敗从賏。
附二白话版《说文解字》：败，毁坏。字形采用“攴、贝”会义。“败”、“贼”都采用“贝”作边旁会义。贁，这是籀文的“败”，采用“賏”作边旁。

46厚hòu厚，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905977682.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032420599330.gif（厂，岩石、山陵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905427494.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif（是的倒写“享”，即倒写的享堂，借代阴间的祭殿、墓室），表示辟山为穴，凿陵为墓，建造地下的享堂；其中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif是“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116045305404912.gif的倒写，倒写的“享”，表示与地面上阳间享堂相反的地下阴间享堂。古代帝王在山陵的巨大岩体内开凿陵墓，以求地业千秋永恒，灵魂万世安宁。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032509595153.gif将甲骨文字形中倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032731460447.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032754906054.gif，享堂的屋顶形象消失。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032803548429.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032844293468.gif金文字形中由倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif写成“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif，字形有似倒写的“宫”。造字本义：名词，在巨大山陵岩体里开凿的帝王陵寝，即“陵墓”，也叫“地宫”；陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品，此即古代所谓的“厚葬”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif误将篆文字形中与倒写的“宫”相似的“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif写成“㫗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032937103794.gif，字形由甲骨文字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gif演变成楷书字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif，可谓面目全非。附一文言版《説文解字》：厚，山陵之厚也。从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAPAQMAAAAI86dzAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBQUIyNTEyMzlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyNDlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRjhBIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QUFCMjUxMjE5RTYxMTFFOTk5MkRFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyMkU2MTExRTk5OTIwREVGRTRDM0NGRThBIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OLh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAJnUVygAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNjaFBg2L+AAU7+f8Dg4MAQ7wAi6w8wAMHvB1D0+QEASRkQwDJLU1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，从厂。垕，古文厚，从后、土。
附二白话版《说文解字》：厚，山陵之中的厚葬。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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、厂”会义。“垕”，是古文写法的“厚”字，采用“后、土”会义。

47敛liǎn僉，既是声旁也是形旁，表示力排众议，统一认识，执行命令。斂，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858967974.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858642426.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858345388.png（僉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858682436.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858133769.png（攴，持械打击），表示以行罚的权威强制统一认识，接受命令。造字本义：动词，以行罚的权威强制臣民统一认识，征收赋税。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858155574.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858961647.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858296951.png，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858309482.png写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858605080.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“敛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858320494.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“僉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858296951.png简化成“佥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858814145.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：斂，收也。从攴，僉聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：敛，收聚。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“佥”作声旁。

48薄bó溥，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水大、四处漫延。薄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905475695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905774574.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png（艸，野草）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905156146.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905163069.png（溥，漫延），表示草丛漫延生长。造字本义：名词，漫延生长的草丛。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905899606.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905319343.png，将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905628186.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905165751.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：薄，林薄也。一曰蠶薄。从艸，溥聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：薄，林中草木丛生。一种说法认为“薄”是蠶薄。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“溥”作声旁。

49施shī也，既是声旁也是形旁，是“蛇”的省略，表示蜿蜒蠕动。施，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625240283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625944500.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625242256.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625334709.png，是“旗”的本字，飘扬的军旗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625492626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625948884.png（也，即“蛇”，蜿蜒蠕动），比喻军旗在风中旖旎飘动。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625589218.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625242256.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625140385.png，即误将金文字形中的旗杆形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625567272.png写成“方”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625372082.png，误将金文字形中的旗幅形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625461222.png写成“人”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625224916.png。造字本义：动词，军旗在柔和的风中旖旎招展。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625955628.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625140385.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625685398.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625115000.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625421598.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：施，旗皃。从㫃，也聲。齊欒施字子旗，知施者旗也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：施，旗帜飘动的样子。字形采用“㫃”作边旁，采用“也”作声旁。齐国欒施字子旗，由此可知施是旗。

50凋diāo周，既是声旁也是形旁，是“彫”的省略，表示刻划、切割。凋，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020421479287.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020421295495.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812012307311111.gif（仌，冰，借代下霜结冰的寒天）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020421308130.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812012156556277.gif（周，即“彫”，刻划、切割），比喻严寒像刻刀一样雕刻大地，琢去了草木的叶子。造字本义：动词，草木在严寒中褪色落叶。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020421528282.png将篆文字形中的“仌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812012307311111.gif写成“两点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020421109055.png，将篆文字形中的“周”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812012156556277.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020421708182.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：凋，半傷也。从仌，周聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：凋，草木半伤近残。字形采用“仌”作边旁，采用“周”作声旁。三翻译：
1.27.薄施厚望者不报，贵而忘贱者不久。念旧怨而弃新功者凶，用人不正者殆，强用人者不畜，为人择官者乱，失其所强者弱，决策于不仁者险，阴计外泄者败，厚敛薄施者凋。
1. 薄施厚望者不报-----贪财而不公道-----幽莫幽于贪鄙。
漫延生长的草丛。（薄）军旗在柔和的风中旖旎招展。(施）在巨大山陵岩体里开凿的帝王陵寝，即“陵墓”，也叫“地宫”；陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品，此即古代所谓的“厚葬”。（厚）月夜远眺，寄托思念。（望）
古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。《不》古代法官升堂传令，带押罪犯受审。（报）

2. 贵而忘贱者不久。----吝啬寡恩，贵而忘贱-----幽莫幽于贪鄙。
         ------孤莫孤于自恃。
收藏故土，以示对故乡故国的崇敬与珍爱。（贵）下巴上的胡须（而）从记忆中消失，不记得（忘）毁坏贝壳，使其失去货币价值（贱）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。《不》停止行进，驻足等待。（久））
3念旧怨而弃新功者凶-----不讲公道公法，行事以个人喜好为准----孤莫孤于自恃。
因惦记怀想而自言自语（念）不筑巢的鸟类栖息在原本存在的土洞中。（旧）以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪（怨）下巴上的胡须（而）将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养（弃）用锋利的刀斧将原木劈成两半，备作柴薪。（新）运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。（功）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）致命的陷阱。（凶）
4用人不正者殆-------不足以识别贤能之人---病莫病于无常
用人不行军征战，讨伐不义之地（正）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）胎死腹中---危险（殆）
5强用人者不畜-------不懂得知人善任之道-----病莫病于无常
呼啸声震憾人的大型爬行动物（强）使用人古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）不家庭饲养、储备的鲜活动物叫“畜”。用绳索将牛羊等驯化动物系在围栏里，用草料或谷物饲养，以备家庭对肉食的不时之需。（畜）
6为人择官者乱----把分守先因任的顺序倒过来了-----病莫病于无常。
人工引导驯服大象，使大象掌握超越自然本能的劳动技能，变成听命于主人的劳动力（为）人观察辨别、拘捕嫌犯。（择）藏有朝廷所授权印的军政要地，政府。（官）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）织机上的丝线混杂无序。（乱）
7失其所强者弱，---无道无德-----病莫病于无常。
手未抓牢而丢落（失）其木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门（所）呼啸声震憾人的大型爬行动物（强）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）强弓寿命已到，缺乏力量。（弱）
8决策于不仁者险----失去仁心-----病莫病于无常。
大水冲裂堤岸（决）用来刺激、驱赶马匹的竹鞭（策）于不尊重人道，相信人性相通，视人若已，同情包容，尤指强势者对弱势者的厚道（仁）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）比喻陡峭如剑的山峰。（险）
9阴计外泄者败----舍公法而行私法-----病莫病于无常
山地背阳的潮湿北坡（阴）众人七嘴八舌地商议、谋划（计）在星夜的郊野占星问卜（外）快速、大量地排水（泄）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）敲破尊鼎或宝贝，损毁家当（败）
10厚敛薄施者凋。------营私道而不营公道-----病莫病于无常
山陵之厚也（厚）以行罚的权威强制臣民统一认识，征收赋税（敛）漫延生长的草丛（薄）军旗在柔和的风中旖旎招展（施）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）草木在严寒中褪色落叶。（凋）
四简单心得：
1. 薄施厚望者不报-----贪财而不公道-----幽莫幽于贪鄙。
2. 贵而忘贱者不久。----吝啬寡恩，贵而忘贱-----幽莫幽于贪鄙。
         ------孤莫孤于自恃。
3念旧怨而弃新功者凶-----不讲公道公法，行事以个人喜好为准----孤莫孤于自恃。
4用人不正者殆-------不足以识别贤能之人---病莫病于无常
5强用人者不畜-------不懂得知人善任之道-----病莫病于无常
6为人择官者乱----把分守先因任的顺序倒过来了-----病莫病于无常。
7失其所强者弱，---无道无德-----病莫病于无常。
8决策于不仁者险----失去仁心-----病莫病于无常。
9阴计外泄者败----舍公法而行私法-----病莫病于无常
10厚敛薄施者凋。------营私道而不营公道-----病莫病于无常
五吟诵已经发群里。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-28 09:09:04

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-28 22:01 编辑

1.28.今天任务：
战士贫，游士富者衰；货赂公行者昧；
闻善忽略，记过不忘者暴；所任不可信，所信不可任者浊。
牧人以德者集，绳人以刑者散。
1战zhàn單，既是声旁也是形旁，是“彈”的本字，表示弹弓。戰，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602811594.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602796388.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602531115.png（單，弹，射击工具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602452035.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602297488.png（戈，刺杀工具），表示射击、刺杀。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602792519.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，远古士兵以弹弓、干戈为武器打斗拼杀。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602466725.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602417477.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602485634.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602128796.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602762980.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“战”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602443360.png，用“占”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602124503.png代替正体楷书的“單”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602485634.png。在合并字“战”的字形中，占，既是声旁也是形旁，是“佔”的省略，表示侵占、占领，因此“战”具有武力侵占、武力占有的意思。附一文言版《説文解字》：戰，鬬也。从戈，單聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：战，战斗。字形采用“戈”作边旁，采用“单”作声旁。

2士shì士，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605872853.png像是有手柄https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605498433.png（即https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605279751.png，是“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605947695.png的变形）的宽刃战斧https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605379944.png。造字本义：名词，手持大斧作战的武夫。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605937587.png淡化斧刃、突出斧柄。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605717102.png承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605597895.png有所变形。在远古冷兵器时代，军人所使用的武器，代表其在军中的级别与地位：身在前线用小斧作战的叫“兵”；身在将帅身边使用大型战斧的高级警卫叫“士”；手持特大战斧的首领叫“王”。最早的竹制武器叫“不”；使用带刃的木制武器的首领叫“帝”；文治天下的首领叫“君”；头戴金冠的王者叫“皇”。附一文言版《説文解字》：士，事也。數始於一，終於十。从一从十。孔子曰：“推十合一爲士。”凡士之屬皆从士。
附二白话版《说文解字》：士，善于办事的人。天地之数，从一开始，到十结束。字形采用“一、十”会义。孔子说：“能推十合一、从众多事物中推演归纳出一个根本道理的人，就是高明的士。”所有与士相关的字，都采用“士”作边旁。

3贫pín貧，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107824124.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107331733.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107525050.png（宀，家）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107987247.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107347326.png（分）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107892606.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107331733.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107499014.png（分）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107987247.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107248535.png（貝，财产），强调分割财产。造字本义：动词，分割家产。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107504624.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107499014.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107509640.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107248535.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107413138.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107496286.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107413138.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107794273.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：貧，財分少也。从貝，从分，分亦聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文从宀、分。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贫，家产而众人分割而减少。字形采用“贝”会义，“分”也是声旁。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBOUUzNzExM0Y0RDQxMUU5ODlDNTg2NDcxQTJENTk3MSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBOUUzNzExNEY0RDQxMUU5ODlDNTg2NDcxQTJENTcxIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QTlFMzcxMUY0RDQxMUU5ODlDNTg2NDcxQTJENTk3MSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRkOkE5RTM3MTEyRjRENDExRTk4OUM1ODY0NzFBMkQ1OTcxIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBANqqeeEAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAtSURBVBjTY/j9g+HvDwYgqP/AUF7A8H4Hw/0bDPtfMDgYMHzfAUIgkR0MdhUAlM4TBiks22MAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，这是古文写法的“贫”，字形采用“宀、分”会义。

4游yóu“斿”是“遊”的本字。斿，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806957157.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806706439.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806621367.png（㫃，旗帜）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806855747.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806764368.png（子，学童），像飘扬的旗帜https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806621367.png引领一队学子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806764368.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806247153.png基本承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806422960.png突出执旗https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806899748.png游学的学子的手和脚https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806851239.png。当“斿”作为单纯字件后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806666154.png再加“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806461313.png（河）另造“游”代替，表示古代学子打着族旗，过河越境，四处参观学习。造字本义：动词，古代学子以族旗为护照，举旗越境参观巡学。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806763480.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806461313.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806606675.png，将篆文字形中的“斿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806491358.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806907518.png。当“游”引申出“泅水”的稳定义项后，后人以“辵”（行进）代替“水”（河界）另造“遊”，表示陆上的巡行。古人称泅水横渡为“游”，称顺着河道长距离游行为“泳”。附一文言版《説文解字》：游，旌旗之流也。从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo3RUIxQzQzNTI5ODQxMUU2OTQyNkEyM0NFMUQwRUNDMiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo3RUIxQzQzNjI5ODQxMUU2OTQyNkEyM0NFMUQwRUMyIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6N0VCMUM0MzMyOTg0MTFFNjkyNkEyM0NFMUQwRUNDMiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo3RUIxQzQzNDI5NDExRTY5NDI2QTIzQ0UxRDBFQ0MyIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDx4OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O7t7Ovq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAbZHgfwAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAACRJREFUGNNjuPeD4d0Phn8MDKw/GHb/YNj/g6H9B8N2DJT+AwDKrhYawr6DSAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==，汓聲。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBRUJCNkQ0M0ZBMkExMUU5OUJGNUI1NzEyMEU3MDhBNyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBRUJCNkQ0NEZBMkExMUU5OUJGNUI1NzEyMEU3MEE3Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QUVCQjZEMUZBMkExMUU5OUJGNUI1NzEyMEU3MDhBNyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZEFFQkI2RDQyRkEyQTExRTk5QkY1QjU3MTIwRTcwOEE3Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JmOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEA3lNuWAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAC5JREFUGNNj+LuBYXcGw90NDPd/MPzgYPi/g0G+guECA8P9Cii6V8Gw/gdDAQMAjfcRxdNv7L0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=，古文斿。
附二白话版《说文解字》：游，旌旗末端的旖旎流苏。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁，采用“汓”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBRUJCNkQ0M0ZBMkExMUU5OUJGNUI1NzEyMEU3MDhBNyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBRUJCNkQ0NEZBMkExMUU5OUJGNUI1NzEyMEU3MEE3Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QUVCQjZEMUZBMkExMUU5OUJGNUI1NzEyMEU3MDhBNyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZEFFQkI2RDQyRkEyQTExRTk5QkY1QjU3MTIwRTcwOEE3Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JmOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEA3lNuWAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAC5JREFUGNNj+LuBYXcGw90NDPd/MPzgYPi/g0G+guECA8P9Cii6V8Gw/gdDAQMAjfcRxdNv7L0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=，是古文写法的“斿”。

5士shì士，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605872853.png像是有手柄https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605498433.png（即https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605279751.png，是“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605947695.png的变形）的宽刃战斧https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605379944.png。造字本义：名词，手持大斧作战的武夫。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605937587.png淡化斧刃、突出斧柄。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605717102.png承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605597895.png有所变形。在远古冷兵器时代，军人所使用的武器，代表其在军中的级别与地位：身在前线用小斧作战的叫“兵”；身在将帅身边使用大型战斧的高级警卫叫“士”；手持特大战斧的首领叫“王”。最早的竹制武器叫“不”；使用带刃的木制武器的首领叫“帝”；文治天下的首领叫“君”；头戴金冠的王者叫“皇”。附一文言版《説文解字》：士，事也。數始於一，終於十。从一从十。孔子曰：“推十合一爲士。”凡士之屬皆从士。
附二白话版《说文解字》：士，善于办事的人。天地之数，从一开始，到十结束。字形采用“一、十”会义。孔子说：“能推十合一、从众多事物中推演归纳出一个根本道理的人，就是高明的士。”所有与士相关的字，都采用“士”作边旁。

6富fù富，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836821208.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836346507.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836192076.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836865613.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836530165.png（酉，酒坛）。远古时代粮食匮乏，酒品稀有，家中有酒是生活宽裕的标志。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836568462.png误将金文字形中酒坛形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836530165.png写成“畐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836738835.png。造字本义：形容词，家境宽裕，有余粮酿酒。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836350371.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836430660.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836146983.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：富，備也。一曰厚也。从宀，畐聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：富，所需皆备。另一种说法认为，“富”是家底厚实。字形采用“宀”作边旁，采用“畐”作声旁。

7者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo5RkM2NkY3M0ZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDQwRiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5RkM2NkY3NEZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDBGIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6OUY2NkY3MUZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDQwRiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5RkM2NkY3MkZBNTExRTlBMjdEQjY2NzQwNEYwNDBGIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEA5JmsxgAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNj+PuDAYjeSDC8/QFFQPD/B8P7HVB0PYJh1wuG2g8A2iEVyLuwPiIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

8衰shuāi“衰”是“蓑”的本字。衰，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739487559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739206997.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739383157.png（衣领）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739670286.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739975065.png（大量向下披垂的棕毛），字形像领口之下棕毛下垂的服装。棕片由数层棕丝天然网织而成，末端是棕毛，它质地轻飘，疏而不漏，耐潮耐湿；古人将棕毛朝下的棕片连缀成“棕衣”，亦即俗称的“蓑衣”；雨水打在棕衣上时被数层“棕网”遮挡，并顺着棕丝和棕毛下淌到地上，穿蓑人可保干爽不湿，加之棕衣轻便，人们可以穿蓑在雨中劳作。穿蓑传统在当代部分农村地区仍有保留。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739502400.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739383157.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739981431.png，表示“领口”；将金文分开书写的两个“毛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739975065.png连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739898939.png，强调带棕毛的棕片被“连缀”成衣。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739723325.png将籀文字形中的“领口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739981431.png明确写成“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739394535.png。造字本义：名词，用耐潮、耐湿的棕片缝制的雨衣。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739527716.png误将棕毛披垂的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739773248.png（似“冄”非“冄”）写成“口”加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739136649.png，导致“衰”的字形面目全非，“蓑衣”本义线索消失。有的楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739887532.png承续隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739723771.png；有的楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739233850.png承续隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739527716.png。当“衰”的“蓑衣”本义消失后，再加“卄”（草）另造“蓑”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：衰，艸雨衣。秦謂之萆。从衣，象形。data:image/png;base64,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，古文衰。
附二白话版《说文解字》：衰，用草纺织的雨衣。这种雨衣在秦地叫作“萆”。字形采用“衣”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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，像雨衣的样子。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAQAQMAAAD3bWd6AAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo1Qjg3MzM3M0Y2MjkxMUU5ODA1RUQ4Q0ZCRjFCRThDMCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo1Qjg3MzM3NEY2MjkxMUU5ODA1RUQ4Q0ZCRjFCRUMwIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NUI4NzMzMUY2MjkxMUU5ODA1RUQ4Q0ZCRjFCRThDMCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo1QjczMzcyRjYyOTExRTk4MDVFRDhDRkJGMUJFOEMwIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAQ/BUGQAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAChJREFUGNNj+P2D4e8PBiD4/4PhgQXD+x1Q8noEw64XUMaqFSAGGAEAKHgXTNpDm+8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=，这是古文写法的“衰”字。

9货huò化，既是声旁也是形旁，表示改变、转变。貨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843143549.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843323996.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843411054.png（化，转变）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843201267.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843805254.png（貝，钱财），表示可以转变成钱财的商品。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843357955.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，可以出卖而转换成钱财的商品。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843184758.png将篆文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843371705.png，将篆文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843441816.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“货”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843735823.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843441816.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843240622.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：貨，財也。从貝，化聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：货，财物。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“化”作声旁。

10赂lù各，既是声旁也是形旁，是“絡”的省略，表示拢络。賂，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059265167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059763123.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059576028.png（貝，钱财）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059515444.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059247091.png（各，“络”，拢络）。造字本义：动词，用钱财拢络、收买他人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059264295.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059576028.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059729553.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059247091.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059616008.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“赂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059320649.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059729553.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059530924.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：賂，遺也。从貝，各聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：赂，（向有利可图的人）赠送钱财。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“各”作声旁。

12公gōng囗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“共”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544304559.png的省略，表示集体拥有。公，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544211753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544548270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544468617.png（八，是“分”的本字）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544538042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544623027.png（口，即“共”的省略，集体拥有），表示平均分配集体所共同拥有的物品。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544107234.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544688500.png将甲骨文字形中表示共有物品的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544623027.png写成“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544634004.png（私），表示与“私”相反。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544819924.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，平均分配部落或氏族集体所共同拥有的包括食物在内的所有物品、物用。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544456035.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544470305.png写成“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544333105.png。　附一文言版《説文解字》：公，平分也。从八，从厶。八猶背也。韓非曰：背厶爲公。
附二白话版《说文解字》：公，平均分配。字形采用“八、厶”会义。八，犹如各各相背。韩非子说，与私相背，就是公。

13行xíng行（háng），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856999838.png是象形字，字形像四通八达的十字路口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856131419.png将十字路口形状的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png误写成正反两个“双人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856160305.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856598545.png，失去路口形象。造字本义：名词，纵横畅通的十字路口。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856343815.png一定程度上恢复金文字形。从甲骨文、金文字形看，“行”的左右两边“彳”、“亍”，应该被称作“左行旁”、“右行旁”，而不是“双人旁”。附一文言版《説文解字》：行，人之步趨也。从彳，从亍。凡行之屬皆从行。
附二白话版《说文解字》：行，人们在路上行走或小跑。字形采用“彳、亍”会义。所有与行相关的字，都采用“行”作边旁。

14昧mèi未，既是声旁也是形旁，表示果树枝叶正茂、但还没结果。昧，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511105448105712.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015111109204.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511105548938133.gif（未，枝叶茂盛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015111187450.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015111119397.png（日，阳光），表示茂盛的枝叶遮蔽阳光。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511105906598354.gif调整成左右结构。造字本义：动词，草木遮蔽阳光而使之黑暗，使看不见。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/6/20200506020436664828.gif将篆文字形中的“未”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511105938875624.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/6/20200506020443594793.gif。金文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511110458684471.gif用“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511110240461549.gif代替“日”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015111119397.png，表示心灵被遮蔽，即内心不明智，黑暗昏惑。未见世面为“蒙”；内心黑暗为“昧”；缺乏心智为“愚”；无知且迟钝为“蠢”。附一文言版《説文解字》：昧，爽，旦明也。从日，未聲。一曰闇也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：昧，即“爽”，表示日出后天地敞亮。字形采用“日”作边旁，采用“未”作声旁。有一种说法认为，“昧”是“闇”，关门不见天日。

15闻wén門，既是声旁也是形旁，表示房屋入口处可开关的双户。聞，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613722899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613945695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613111878.png（像一个人举起一只手在耳边）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613427425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614914991.png（夸张的大耳朵），表示举掌在耳边，以增强对声音信号的捕捉。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614445185.png有所变形，突出了耳朵形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614686382.png。篆文“聞”另造会义兼形声的字形：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614549326.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613945695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614900791.png（門，既是声旁也是形旁，双户）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613427425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614603274.png（耳，耳朵），表示竖起耳朵在门里听门外的动静。造字本义：动词，竖起耳朵，用心注意地听。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614299538.png将篆文字形中的“耳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614603274.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614709669.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“闻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614170992.png，依据类推简化规则，，将正体楷书字形中的“門”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614230516.png简写成“门”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614128471.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：聞，知聞也。从耳，門聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：闻，听说，了解。字形采用“耳”作边旁，采用“门”作声旁。

16善shàn羊，既是声旁也是形旁，通“祥”。善，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611892308.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611706943.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png（双目，眼睛），表示眼神安祥温和，所谓“慈眉善目”。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611771717.png双眼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611111458.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611742560.png将一双眼睛写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611879022.png将一双眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png省略成一只眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611696554.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611156573.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611922193.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611730736.png（两个“言”），表示言语祥和亲切。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611774110.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，神态安祥，言语亲和。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611832494.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611807404.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611940856.png，将篆文字形中的两个“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611728701.png写成“卄”加“口”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611576006.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：善，吉也。从誩，从羊。此與義美同意。
附二白话版《说文解字》：善，吉祥。字形采用“誩、羊”会义。“善”这个字，与“義”（义）、“美”同义。

17忽hū勿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示否定。忽，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758177604.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758674658.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758884293.png（勿，否定、不）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758928029.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758120630.png（心，意识），不经心、不上心、不重视。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758855943.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，不放在心上，不重视。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758687938.png将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758487977.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758631513.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：忽，忘也。从心，勿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：忽，因忘记而无视。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“勿”作声旁。

18略勿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示否定。忽，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758177604.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758674658.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758884293.png（勿，否定、不）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758928029.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758120630.png（心，意识），不经心、不上心、不重视。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758855943.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，不放在心上，不重视。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758687938.png将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758487977.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758631513.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：忽，忘也。从心，勿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：忽，因忘记而无视。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“勿”作声旁。

19记jì己，既是声旁也是形旁，是“纪”的本字，表示用以打结、记事的绳子。記，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159137494.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159183548.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159721695.png（言，语言）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159741769.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159891053.png（己，即“纪”，结绳纪录事件），表示用语言文字纪事。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159480908.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159721695.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159536287.png。造字本义：动词，用书面语言的形式将事件信息载入简册、书籍。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159109243.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159536287.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159906179.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159347729.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159427830.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“记”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159467025.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159167923.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159459845.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：記，疏也。从言，己聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：记，标注。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“已”作声旁。

20过guò咼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示残骨，借代死亡。過，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854703617.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854716116.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854506162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png（残骨，借代死亡），表示生命在岁月的行进中化成枯骨。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854818755.png将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png，将金文字形中的残骨形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png写成“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png。造字本义：动词，在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854650972.png将篆文字形或的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png写成“走字底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854333262.png，将篆文字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png。《汉字简化方案》中简体楷书“过”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854115298.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854764153.png，将正体楷书字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854762235.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：過，度也。从辵，咼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：过，经由，经度。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“咼”作声旁。

21不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

22忘wàng亡，既是声旁也是形旁，表示不存在、消失。忘，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216960645.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216389504.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216965384.png（亡，消失）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216556218.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216959656.png（心，记忆）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216309317.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，从记忆中消失，不记得。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216619180.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216836460.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216287645.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216147419.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216219449.png。净心为“慧”，无心为“忘”。附一文言版《説文解字》：忘，不識也。从心，从亡，亡亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：忘，不记得。字形采用“心、亡”会义，“亡”也作声旁。

23暴bào“暴”是“曝”的本字。暴，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428101355136144.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014859342611.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428094649131774.gif（口，“日”的变形参见“日”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014859637954.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428101424338920.gif（鹿头，代鹿皮），像在太阳下面曝晒鹿皮。古人将野兽毛皮放在烈日下曝晒脱水，以便长久保存毛皮。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428101756655836.gif用“麦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428101937412270.gif代替甲骨文字形中的“鹿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428101424338920.gif，表示在太阳下暴晒麦子粮食。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428105000587534.gif调整结构，将甲骨文字形中的的“日上鹿下”改成“鹿上日下”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014859892435.png用“米”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428105303669838.gif代替“麦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428101937412270.gif，并加“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428105448460207.gif（双手，操持），表示晾晒稻米的动作。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428110515149992.gif加“出”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428110907791507.gif，强调将稻米“拿出家门”去曝晒。造字本义：动词，将兽皮或粮食谷物放在烈日下曝晒，以便干燥保存。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/18/20200218075111701035.gif误将篆文字形中的“出”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428110907791507.gif和“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428111123435458.gif构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/11/20200211090535210740.gif写成“共”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/18/20200218075121494961.gif；误将篆文字形中的“米”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428111249944410.gif写成“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/18/20200218075128984130.gif。当“暴”的“在烈日下曝晒”本义消失后，俗体隶书再加“日”另造“曝”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：暴，晞也。从日，从出，从収，从米。
附二白话版《说文解字》：暴，照晒。字形采用“日、出、収、米”四形会义。

24所suǒ斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斫”的省略，表示刀斧砍、削。所，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061551504926.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108495674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif（户，门窗，借代房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108578877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif（斤，即“斫”的省略，用刀斧砍、削），表示伐木筑屋。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061650124601.gif将金文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif。造字本义：动词，木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061741580887.gif将篆文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061749571171.gif，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061756848163.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：所，伐木聲也。从斤，戶聲。《诗》曰：“伐木所所。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：所，砍伐树木的声音。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“户”作声旁。《诗经》有诗句唱道：“挥斧伐木，所所传响。”

25任rèn任，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829357162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829186833.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829518301.png（工，巧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829118630.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829618451.png（人，远古的手工业者），表示能工巧匠。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829630971.png在“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829497003.png的握柄上加圆点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829501247.png，写成“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829364147.png，表示善于巧用器具，有办事能力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829523779.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，聪明能干，精于办事。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829954735.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829411467.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829931935.png，将篆文字形中的“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829688888.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829412103.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：任，符也。从人，壬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：任，委任状。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“壬”作声旁。

26可kě“可”是“哥”、“謌”和“歌”的本字。口，既是声旁也是形旁，表示发声。可，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137728374.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137734984.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137223592.png（似竽的乐器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137925619.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137667466.png（口，发声），表示和着音乐唱歌。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137352408.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137747826.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，古代男女以吹笙唱歌方式求偶。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137922724.png将篆文字形中的竽形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137982627.png写成”丁“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137718803.png。当“可”的“吹笙唱歌”本义消失后，篆文再加“可”，另造“哥”代替，表示对唱。当“哥”本义消失之后，金文再加“言”（倾诉）另造“謌”代替，或者篆文再加“欠”（撮口而吹），另造“歌”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：可，肎也。从口、丂，丂亦聲。凡可之屬皆从可。
附二白话版《说文解字》：可，肯，同意。字形采用“口、丂”会义，“丂”也是声旁。所有与可相关的字，都采用“可”作边旁。

27信xìn“訫”是“信”的异体字。信，简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207757393.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207565978.png（人，当事人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207183107.png（口，说话），表示开口许诺。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207402302.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207819964.png（千，巨量）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207626179.png（言，说话），表示用千言万语保证。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207221930.png承续简体金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207163093.png基本承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：动词，许诺，发誓。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207846625.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207799707.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207234925.png，将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207582963.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207541736.png。金文异体字“”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104459445256.gif写成“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104506467927.gif、“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104513692888.gif会义，言心，说真心话，真诚可靠，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104513692888.gif是横写的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104520133568.gif。古籍多以“信”代替“訫”。附一文言版《説文解字》：信，誠也。从人，从言。會意。㐰，古文从言省。訫，古文信。
附二白话版《说文解字》：信，诚实不欺。字形采用“人、言”会义，是会义字。㐰，这是古文写法的“信”，采用有所省略的“言”作边旁。訫，这是古文写法的“信”字。

29浊蜀，既是声旁也是形旁，表示以四川为代表的西南、西北地区。濁，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603308604.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603946098.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603717923.png（水，河川）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603412873.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603927439.png（蜀，西南、西北地区），表示西南、西北地区的河川。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603999271.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603717923.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603901879.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603927439.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603264722.png。造字本义：名词，蜀水，源于楚、湘地区的多泥沙的河流。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603550464.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603901879.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603879679.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603264722.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603962178.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“浊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603901958.png依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“蜀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603496069.png简化成“虫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603657183.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：濁，水。出齊郡厲嬀山，東北入鉅定。从水，蜀聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：浊，河川。源出齐郡厉妫山，向东北汇入钜定河。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“蜀”作声旁。30牧mù牧，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022409236126.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408323166.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217084305927793.gif（持械打击）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408825957.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217084048940648.gif（牛，力畜），表示鞭打驱赶牛羊。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022409826098.png基本承续甲骨文字形，调整了结构顺序。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022409880288.png将金文字形中的“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217084752353347.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217085119322317.gif，将金文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217084801613492.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022409880945.png。造字本义：动词，放养牛群。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022409971724.png将篆文字形中的“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217085119322317.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022409478601.png，牛角形象消失，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022409880945.png写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022409293152.png。古人称放牛为“牧”；称放羊为“养”。附一文言版《説文解字》：牧，養牛人也。从攴，从牛。《詩》曰：“牧人乃夢。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：牧，饲养牛的人。字形采用“攴、牛”会义。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“牧人于是进入梦乡。”

31人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁

32以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

33德dé彳，既是声旁也是形旁，是“得”的省略，表示获取、获得。德，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041257745545.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837225440.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png（彳，即“得”的省略，获取、获得）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837866515.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif（直，正而不邪，正派），表示得之正直，获之坦荡。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041240894493.gif用“行”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710110159217942.gif代替“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041336410940.gif将甲骨文字形中的“直”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041354584923.gif。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041406537278.gif加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif，强调“获之坦荡、问心无愧”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041422113657.gif将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710111040240035.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112334167420.gif，将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112410276781.gif。造字本义：动词，正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105542901804.gif将篆文字形中的“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105641705926.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105554263876.gif，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041605448899.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105604977998.gif。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。古籍中“德”与“得”有时因同音而相互假借。附一文言版《説文解字》：德，升也。从彳，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：德，境界因善行而升华。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

34集jí集，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200674297.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200336244.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200185802.png（鳥）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200319015.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200679196.png（木，树），像鸟雀飞落在树上。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200779961.png以“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200812198.png代“鸟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200185802.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200515743.png承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200779961.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200348933.png以三个“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200492096.png代替“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200812198.png，表示大量鸟儿栖息在同一株树上。造字本义：动词，鸟群栖在树上。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200646080.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200588473.png承续金文字形。众鸟共栖为“集”；众鸟同鸣为“噪”；众鸟齐飞为“霍”。附一文言版《説文解字》：雧，群鸟在木上也。从雥，从木。集，雧或省。
附二白话版《说文解字》：雧，群鸟聚在树上。字形采用“雥、木”会义。集，是“雧”的异体字，省略了两个“隹”。

35绳shéng黽，既是声旁也是形旁，疑是“蛇”的变形。繩，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059737819.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059961581.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059432888.png（糸，麻线）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059104145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059753211.png（蛇）。造字本义：名词，比喻蛇状的带状柔韧织物，用麻线或其它纤维交织缠绕而成，比线粗比索细。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059752085.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059432888.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059543996.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059753211.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059193205.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“绳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059654092.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059543996.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059886603.png，将正体楷书字形中的“黽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059193205.png简化成“黾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059260894.png。合线为“绳”，分线为“纱”。附一文言版《説文解字》：繩，索也。从糸，蠅省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：绳，麻索。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用省略了“虫”的“蠅”作声旁。

36刑xíng井，既是声旁也是形旁，表示“井”形的木枷。刑，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226831195.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226637452.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226282203.png（“井”中加一点，表示套在头上的木枷）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226215058.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226408363.png（刀，刑具），表示戴着木枷受刑。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226233075.png省去“井”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226282203.png中的一点。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226235032.png误将金文字形中的的“井”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226968293.png写成“开”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226851064.png。造字本义：动词，用刀砍杀披枷戴锁的罪人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226306022.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226851064.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226535155.png，将篆文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226419539.png写成“立刀旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226269078.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：刑，剄也。从刀，幵聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：刑，割颈砍头。字形采用“刀”作边旁，采用“幵”作声旁。

37散sǎnhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052261236.png，既是声旁也是形旁，是“麻”的本字，表示麻林。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052557810.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052489934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052966035.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052474826.png（林，麻林）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052535478.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052965298.png（攴，持械打击），表示持械打、扯麻皮，使麻缕与麻青分离。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052462797.png将甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052489934.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052676944.png；同时加“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052665005.png（肉），表示从骨头上剔析分离的零碎杂肉。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052792760.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052606620.png基本承续金文字形，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052676944.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052386321.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052665005.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052509530.png。造字本义：动词，以外力破坏物体原有结构，使之分离成若干部分。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052927146.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052203425.png将篆文字形中表示麻林的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052862135.png写成似“脊”非“脊”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052614365.png、似“林”非“林”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052141232.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABEAAAAPAQMAAAA4f7ZSAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo5Q0QxQUIxNTA4NEYxMUU2QTJENEE0QjYwQUNCQjVCNSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5Q0QxQUIxNjA4NEYxMUU2QTJENEE0QjYwQUNCQkI1Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6OUNEQUIxMzA4NEYxMUU2QTJENEE0QjYwQUNCQjVCNSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieHAuZGlkOjlDRDFBQjE0MDg0RjExRTZBMkQ0QTRCNjBBQ0JCNUI1Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBAGyviTgAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAySURBVBjTY3j3vYEBhA8YQOgj5Q0MixqB7LdAsdwGhvtAfCAbSAPxAaDc/XII+15MAwB8/xxYy3eI3wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==，雜肉也。从肉，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：散，杂肉。字形采用“肉”作边旁，采用“ data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。
38各”是“略”的本字。当“各”的“进犯”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106580651.png再加“田”（“疆”的省略）另造“略”代替。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106580651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106190275.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106363253.png（田，即“疆”，边界）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106520311.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106255250.png（各，进犯他邑），表示犯边。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106958332.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，侵入他邑，重定疆界。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106395224.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106250008.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106241285.png。古人称武力掠财为“侵”，称武力占地为“略”。附一文言版《説文解字》：略，經略土地也。从田，各聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：略，管理侵占的土地。字形采用“田”作边旁，采用“各”作声旁。1.28.今天任务：战士贫，游士富者衰；货赂公行者昧；
闻善忽略，记过不忘者暴；所任不可信，所信不可任者浊。
牧人以德者集，绳人以刑者散。三、翻译1战士贫，游士富者衰-----分配不合理，不合道。------病莫病于无常。1远古士兵以弹弓、干戈为武器打斗拼杀。(战）手持大斧作战的武夫（士）分割家产（贫）古代学子以族旗为护照，举旗越境参观巡学。（游）手持大斧作战的武夫（士）家境宽裕，有余粮酿酒（富）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）用耐潮、耐湿的棕片缝制的雨衣。（衰）； 2. 货赂公行者昧-----失去道德仁义的君主，用小恩小惠来笼络官员-不合道，极其愚昧----病莫病于无常。可以出卖而转换成钱财的商品。（货）用钱财拢络、收买他人（赂）平均分配部落或氏族集体所共同拥有的包括食物在内的所有物品、物用。（公）纵横畅通的十字路口。（行）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）草木遮蔽阳光而使之黑暗，使看不见。（昧） 3. 闻善忽略，记过不忘者暴；-----信由着自己的好恶之心来行事，善恶不分。-----孤莫孤于自恃。竖起耳朵，用心注意地听（闻）神态安祥，言语亲和（善）不放在心上，不重视（忽）侵入他邑，重定疆界（略），用书面语言的形式将事件信息载入简册、书籍。（记）在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。（过）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。（不）从记忆中消失，不记得（忘）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）将兽皮或粮食谷物放在烈日下曝晒，以便干燥保存。（暴）4所任不可信，所信不可任者浊。----乱用人，无章法----病莫病于无常。木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门（所）聪明能干，精于办事（任）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。（不）可许诺，发誓（信---诚），木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门（所）许诺，发誓（信---诚）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。（不）可聪明能干，精于办事（任）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）蜀水，源于楚、湘地区的多泥沙的河流。（浊）5牧人以德者集，绳人以刑者散。------以暴力胜民，反招天怒人怨---不合天道----病莫病于无常。放养牛群（牧）人母子脐带相连，形神特征相传（以），正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。（德）鸟群栖在树上（集）比喻蛇状的带状柔韧织物，用麻线或其它纤维交织缠绕而成，比线粗比索细。（绳）人母子脐带相连，形神特征相传（以）用刀砍杀披枷戴锁的罪人。（刑）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）以外力破坏物体原有结构，使之分离成若干部分。（散）四、简单心得：1战士贫，游士富者衰-----分配不合理，不合道。------病莫病于无常。2. 货赂公行者昧-----失去道德仁义的君主，用小恩小惠来笼络官员-不合道，极其愚昧----病莫病于无常。3. 闻善忽略，记过不忘者暴；-----信由着自己的好恶之心来行事，善恶不分。-----孤莫孤于自恃。4所任不可信，所信不可任者浊。----乱用人，无章法----病莫病于无常。5牧人以德者集，绳人以刑者散。------以暴力胜民，反招天怒人怨---不合天道----病莫病于无常。五吟诵已经发群里。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-29 11:23:57

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-29 21:57 编辑

今天任务：
小功不赏，则大功不立；小怨不赦，则大怨必生。
赏不服人，罚不甘心者叛。赏及无功，罚及无罪者酷。
听谗而美，闻谏而仇者亡。
1小xiǎo“小”是“沙”的本字；“少”和“小”同源。小，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907972809.png是象形字，字形像三（众多）颗细微的沙粒。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907786902.png突出沙粒形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907301692.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907247354.png将中间的点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907301692.png写成长竖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907201426.png，将左边的点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907424666.png写成撇画https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907902823.png，将右边的点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907591445.png写成捺画https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907132882.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907111798.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，细微的沙粒。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/25/20200225075037790474.gif略有变形。当“小”的“沙粒”本义消失后，金文再加“水”另造“沙”代替，表示水边的细沙。附一文言版《説文解字》：小，物之微也。从八，丨見而分之。凡小之屬皆从小。
附二白话版《说文解字》：小，物体细微的特征。字形采用“八”作边旁，“丨”现而加细分。所有与小相关的字，都采用“小”作边旁。

2功gōng工，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巧妙用力的器械。功，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148686314.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148215869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148506664.png（工，巧具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148612864.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png（力，使劲），表示利用器械，巧妙发力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148702673.png将金文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png。造字本义：动词，运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148707230.png将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148674042.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：功，以勞定國也。从力，从工，工亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：功，费心费力，使国家安宁。字形采用“力、工”会义，“工”也作声旁。

3不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

4赏shǎng尚，既是声旁也是形旁，表示尊崇、追求。賞，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116242019.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116414654.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116852625.png（尚，尊崇、追求）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116361480.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116305588.png（貝，钱财），表示赐予钱财，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116989490.png把“尚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116852625.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116118283.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116322912.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，奖赐财物，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116410628.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116542275.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116628520.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116544087.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116184820.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“赏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116518951.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116184820.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116299346.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：賞，賜有功也。从貝，尚聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：赏，奖赐有功的人。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“尚”作声旁。

5则zé“則”是“鍘”的本字。則，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031156370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031619693.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031182653.png（鼎，经久的青铜器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031102099.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031617297.png（刀，刻镂），表示用刀在金属器皿上刻镂。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031744049.png将甲骨文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031722724.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031563087.png误将金文字形中的“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031722724.png写成“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031634052.png。造字本义：动词，古人将法律条文及其他重要记录刻铸在青铜钟鼎上，以便久存流传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031765840.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031634052.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031573909.png，将篆文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031222190.png写成“立刀旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031152621.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“则”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031991636.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031573909.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031541221.png。当“則”的“刻铸”本义消失后，篆文再加“金”另造“鍘”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：則，等畫物也。从刀，从貝。貝，古之物貨也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：则：均等划分财物。字形采用“刀、贝”会义。贝，是古代表示财物的符号。

6大dà大，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943987128.png像张开双臂双腿、顶天立地的成年人。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943518908.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943508805.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，顶天立地的成年人。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943618044.png失去手形。在远古时代，人的体格出众被等同于能力出众，因此称能医病、能治邦的人为“大（念dài）夫”。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943567082.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943199943.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943339734.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943508805.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943319372.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：大，天大，地大，人亦大。故大象人形。古文才也。凡大之屬皆从大。
附二白话版《说文解字》：大，天大，地大，人也大。所以“大”字像人的形象。大，这也是古文写法的“才”字。所有与大相关的字，都采用“大”作边旁。

6立lì立，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738211135.png是指事字，字形在一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738591478.png的脚底加一横表示地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738919956.png，表示站在地上。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738823468.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738526031.png将站着的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738591478.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738809649.png。造字本义：动词，站在地上。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738703538.png基本承续篆文字形。附一文言版《説文解字》：立，住也。从大立一之上。凡立之屬皆从立。
附二白话版《说文解字》：立，站住。采用“大”作边旁，在“大”的下面加一横指事符号，表示立于“一”之上。所有与立相关的字，都采用“立”作边旁。

7怨yuàn夗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，表示弯曲、回转。怨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410750773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713198618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png（夗，即“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，弯曲回转）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713178887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png（心，情绪），表示委婉、迂回表达的负面情绪。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/16/20200116090226266386.gif将金文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png写成“命”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410107754.png，将籀文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410394136.png，表示对强令的不满。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713419582.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713509642.png将篆文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713179371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713840325.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713716123.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713921385.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：怨，恚也。从心，夗聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨。
附二白话版《说文解字》：怨，藏恨于心。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“夗”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨字。

8赦shè赦，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121419489664.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218885657.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121419800719.png（赤，火刑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218210547.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121419974686.png（攴，持械执法），表示执行火刑。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218401992.png误将“赤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121419800719.png省略成“亦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218138746.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218950409.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，临刑前免除罪犯的死刑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218388050.png将篆文字形中的“赤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218720356.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218646165.png，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218814621.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218992818.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：赦，置也。从攴，赤聲。data:image/png;base64,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，赦或从亦。
附二白话版《说文解字》：赦，释放，免罪。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“赤”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo4RUVBMjIwM0Y0ODQxMUU5ODJDQjk5MDY3QjhCMjU2MiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo4RUVBMjIwNEY0ODQxMUU5ODJDQjk5MDY3QjhCMjYyIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6OEVFMjIwMUY0ODQxMUU5ODJDQjk5MDY3QjhCMjU2MiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo4RUVBMjIwMkY4NDExRTk4MkNCOTkwNjdCOEIyNTYyIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDe3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEADB9dWAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAC1JREFUGNNjuF/B8L6C4X8FAyMDw7UXIHQ5g2FqBENoBMP1HWAUwbDtBUPqBwBtNhHIIwuoBgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==，有的“赦”字采用“亦”作声旁。

9则zé“則”是“鍘”的本字。則，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031156370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031619693.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031182653.png（鼎，经久的青铜器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031102099.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031617297.png（刀，刻镂），表示用刀在金属器皿上刻镂。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031744049.png将甲骨文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031722724.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031563087.png误将金文字形中的“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031722724.png写成“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031634052.png。造字本义：动词，古人将法律条文及其他重要记录刻铸在青铜钟鼎上，以便久存流传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031765840.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031634052.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031573909.png，将篆文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031222190.png写成“立刀旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031152621.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“则”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031991636.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031573909.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105031541221.png。当“則”的“刻铸”本义消失后，篆文再加“金”另造“鍘”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：則，等畫物也。从刀，从貝。貝，古之物貨也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：则：均等划分财物。字形采用“刀、贝”会义。贝，是古代表示财物的符号。

10必bì“必”是“柲”的本字。必，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104630572821.png是指事字，字形在戈https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104630417892.png的手柄两侧加两竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104630915922.png，表示戈柄的护层（参见“介”）。古人将多层柔韧的竹片缠在一起，作为锻锤、戈、矛等器械的手柄，以良好的韧性避免在使用巨大暴发力时折断手柄。在古人眼里，战场上枪械手柄的质量攸关性命，因此手柄的韧性是“必须”的保障。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104630546173.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，将多层竹片缠在一起构成的戈、矛等器械的柔韧手柄。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104630905236.png变形，似乎成了“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104630790776.png字加一撇https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104630924899.png的结构，篆文字形中的“戈”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104630767265.png形消失。当“必”的“多层柔韧竹片构成的器械手柄”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104630324510.png再加“木”（手柄）另造“柲”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：必，分極也。从八、弋，弋亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：必，分成两极。字形采用“八、弋”会义，“弋”也是声旁。

11生shēng生，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144642831.png是指事字，在草叶https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144179224.png（屮）下面加一横表示地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144118039.png，表示新芽破土而出。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144392609.png用“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144502195.png代替表示地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144118039.png，成为会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144392609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144359224.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144179224.png（屮，新芽）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144703841.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144502195.png（土，地面），表示地面上有新芽冒出。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144847946.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144557374.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，草木破土萌发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144825617.png将篆文上部的“屮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144640890.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144511849.png，失去植物嫩叶萌发https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144640890.png的形象。古籍常假借“生”代替“性”。附一文言版《説文解字》：生，進也。象艸木生出土上。凡生之屬皆从生。
附二白话版《说文解字》：生，发育进展。象草从泥土上长出。所有与生相关的字，都采用“生”作边旁。

12服fú“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”是“服”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456134144.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456872276.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456990297.png（人，罪人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456103176.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456340109.png（又，抓捕、控制），表示抓捕罪犯。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”作为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456537159.png再加“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456267826.png（方形木枷）另造“服”代替，强调抓捕罪犯，并用刑枷加以控制。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456225814.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456987742.png误将“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456267826.png（木枷）写成“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456278084.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456373992.png将金文字形中的“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456278084.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456581218.png，将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456349838.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456400034.png。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456127232.png误将篆文字形中的“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456581218.png写成“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456873142.png，将篆文字形的“人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456400034.png”写成“卪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456411888.png，将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456813969.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456740293.png，以致字形面目全非。造字本义：动词，抓捕战俘或罪犯，强制上枷，使之屈从。古籍多以“服”代替“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”。附一文言版《説文解字》：服，用也。一曰車右騑，所以舟旋。从舟，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文服字，从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：服，使用、役使。一种说法认为，“服”是马车右边的骖马，以便马车可以向右周旋。字形采用“舟”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAOAQMAAADDr3TWAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo1NEYxMDE2RTZGRDkxMUU4OUIzOEQ0MUEwNjAxQzQxQiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo1NEYxMDE2RjZGRDkxMUU4OUIzOEQ0MUEwNjAxQzFCIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NTQxMDE2QzZGRDkxMUU4OUIzOEQ0MUEwNjAxQzQxQiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo1NEYxMDE2RDZGRDkxRTg5QjM4RDQxQTA2MDFDNDFCIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRD4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3b2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAFwpTaQAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNjYEhgqAejmgcM9Q8YHBIY8sGo7AEIVYLJfAWG+AMAFQ4OIXj8uD8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“服”字，字形采用“人”作边旁。

13罚fá罰，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950102485.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950726625.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950494245.png（网，逮捕）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950862063.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950771152.png（言，议论、观点）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950862063.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950208476.png（人，臣子或士民），表示逮捕持不同政见的人士。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950487273.png将“网”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950494245.png简写成“四”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950769683.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950211947.png将金文字形中的“网”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950494245.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950844518.png，将金文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950771152.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950820094.png，并误将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950208476.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950152192.png，强调使用刑械惩治不同政见者。造字本义：动词，逮捕因言获罪者，并施以轻刑惩治。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950596324.png将篆文字形中的“网”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950844518.png简写成“四”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950220583.png，将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950820094.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950482188.png，将篆文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950152192.png写成“立刀旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950552755.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“罚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950223579.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950224267.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950268490.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：罰，辠之小者。从刀，从詈。未以刀有所贼，但持刀罵詈则應罰。
附二白话版《说文解字》：罚，对较轻罪行的处置。字形采用“刀、詈”会义。未曾持刀劫掠，但持刀威胁者则应当处罚。

14甘gān“甘”是“甜”的本字。甘，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459585245.png是指事字，字形在“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459817596.png（嘴、舌）中加一短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459549819.png，表示用口腔、舌头品尝美味。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459961496.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459404314.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，用口舌品尝食物的美味。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459903855.png误将篆文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459483454.png写成“廿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459441464.png，导致字形面目全非。当“甘”逐渐书面化后，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459858210.png再加“舌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023459269146.png另造“甜”代替。“甘”作为形容词与“甜”同义，但“甘”多用于书面语境，“甜”多用于口语语境。附一文言版《説文解字》：甘，美也。从口，含一。一，道也。凡甘之屬皆从甘。
附二白话版《说文解字》：甘，口舌体味到美妙。字形采用“口”作边旁，像口中含一。指事符号“一”，表示“道白、说明”。所有与甘相关的字，都采用“甘”作边旁。

15心xīn心，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157931172.png是象形字，字形像包形的内脏器官。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157639787.png在包形器官https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157999348.png基础上增加动脉和静脉的入口管道形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157149033.png，并在包形器官的内部增加一点表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png，整个字形像人体内包形的泵血器官。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157271167.png简化血管形状。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157891460.png省去表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157341684.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，人体的泵血器官，从静脉接受血液并将其压入动脉从而维持血液在整个循环系统中的流动。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157316548.png变形较大，至此，泵血器官的包形消失、血管形状消失。古人发现，心不仅是泵血器官，还是感知器官，具有直觉思维的能力。附一文言版《説文解字》：心，人心，土藏，在身之中。象形。博士說以爲火藏。凡心之屬皆从心。
附二白话版《说文解字》：心，人的心脏，是属于土性的臟器，藏在身躯的中央位置。字形像泵血器官的形状。也有博学之士说，心是属火的臟器。所有与心相关的字，都采用“心”作边旁。

16者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

17叛pàn半，既是声旁也是形旁，表示分解、分裂。叛，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157882601.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157371341.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157143480.png（半，分裂）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157153607.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157941472.png（反，违背），造字本义：动词，军队分裂，违抗中央政权。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157209084.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157143480.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157620123.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157941472.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157385160.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：叛，半也。从半，反聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：叛，分离。字形采用“半”作边旁，采用“反”作声旁。

18及jí及，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445182392.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445257561.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445430228.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445714706.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445850332.png（又，抓），像一只手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445850332.png从背后抓住前面的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445430228.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445506584.png将“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445849613.png与“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445821547.png连写；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445617264.png写成上下结构。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445658281.png基本承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445617264.png。造字本义：动词，赶上并抓住。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445597433.png将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445886664.png与“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445765468.png连写。附一文言版《説文解字》：及，逮也。从又，从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：及，从背后追上并抓捕。字形采用“又、人”会义。

19无wú无，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735836604.png是指事字，字形在表示“秃头”的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png字上加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735927534.png指事符号，表示全秃，强调“兀”的程度。造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735914971.png将篆文字形中的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735676357.png。“兀”是秃顶；“无”是全秃，完全光头。附一文言版《説文解字》：無，亡也。从亡，無聲。无，奇字无，通于元者。王育说，天屈西北为无。
附二白话版《说文解字》：無，没有。字形采用“亡”作边旁，采用“無”作声旁。“无”，这是一个奇字，是“元”的撇画向上贯通而产生的奇字。王育说，天穹向西北弓屈叫作“无”。

20罪zuì非，既是声旁也是形旁，表示非法。罪，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933999627.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933462793.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933987516.png（网，缉捕）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933356735.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933129391.png（非，非法），表示缉凶。造字本义：动词，抓捕、惩罚犯人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933607410.png将篆文的“网”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933987516.png写成“四”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933177038.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933129391.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933696890.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：罪，捕魚竹网。从网、非。秦以罪爲辠字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：罪，捕鱼的竹网。字形采用“网、非”会义。秦人用“罪”字代替“辠”字。

21酷kù酷，古陶https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005125291.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005344647.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005789692.png（酉，酒）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005255749.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005157046.png（告，杀牛祭祀）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005204927.png字形与古陶字形相似。造字本义：名词，用于祭祀的浓香美酒。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005202635.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005674690.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005247276.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005433704.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005237298.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：酷，酒厚味也。从酉，告聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：酷，酒味浓厚。字形采用“酉”作边旁，采用“告”作声旁。

22听tīng斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“欣”的省略，表示开心。听（ yǐn），篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136674901.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136923807.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136299835.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136679961.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136789578.png（斤，即“欣”，开心），表示张嘴大笑。造字本义：动词，因开心而张嘴大笑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136155560.png将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136789578.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136676248.png。《汉字简化方案》用字形简单的同音字形“听”（ yǐn）合并代替字形复杂的“聽”（tīng）。当“听”合并“聽”之后，“听”不再读它原有读音 yǐn ，而转读被合并字“聽”的读音 tīng ，这是合并简化过程常见的“变读”现象。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136953547.png附一文言版《説文解字》：听，笑皃。从口，斤聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：听，张口大笑的样子。字形采用“口”作边旁，采用“斤”作声旁。

23谗chán毚，既是声旁也是形旁，双“兔”重叠，表示像兔子一样嘴巴动个不停，不断说话。讒，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085424830472.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529801945.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085439317790.gif（言，说话）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529536452.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085447285007.gif（毚，嘴动不停，话语不断），表示不断地说好话。造字本义：动词，不断地用甜言蜜语讨好献媚。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529283896.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085439317790.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529162498.png，将篆文字形中的“毚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085447285007.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529443533.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“谗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085525571425.gif，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529162498.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529738314.png，将正体楷书字形中的“毚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529443533.png简化成“二”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085620986270.gif、“免”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085631143129.gif（“兔”的变形）构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085640911953.gif。“谗”是用甜言蜜语献媚当权者；“谄”是是恶语诅咒，毁谤陷害。附一文言版《説文解字》：讒，譖也。从言，毚聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：谗，说别人的坏话。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“毚”作声旁。

24而ér“而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边旁。

25美měi美，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952669227.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952135353.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952649656.png（像花枝或草叶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952638715.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952387703.png（大，人），表示头戴花草饰物。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952581734.png把“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952387703.png（人）写成“夫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952423029.png（成年男子束发，并用发簪固定），表示将花草饰物固定在头发上。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952881329.png把花草形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952649656.png写成近似于“華”（花）的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952314961.png，像花环上花草簇集的样子。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952622376.png把甲骨文字形中近似于“華”的花草形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952314961.png写成似“羊”非“羊”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952228363.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952389408.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952228363.png写成“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952722169.png。造字本义：形容词，头戴花环的人，华丽，悦目，好看，漂亮。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952924102.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952722169.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952143067.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952748473.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952404991.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：美，甘也。从羊，从大。羊在六畜主給膳也。美與善同意。
附二白话版《说文解字》：美，美味，爽口。字形采用“羊、大”会义。羊在六畜之中是提供肉食的主力。“美”与“善”同义。

26闻wén門，既是声旁也是形旁，表示房屋入口处可开关的双户。聞，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613722899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613945695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613111878.png（像一个人举起一只手在耳边）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613427425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614914991.png（夸张的大耳朵），表示举掌在耳边，以增强对声音信号的捕捉。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614445185.png有所变形，突出了耳朵形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614686382.png。篆文“聞”另造会义兼形声的字形：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614549326.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613945695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614900791.png（門，既是声旁也是形旁，双户）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613427425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614603274.png（耳，耳朵），表示竖起耳朵在门里听门外的动静。造字本义：动词，竖起耳朵，用心注意地听。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614299538.png将篆文字形中的“耳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614603274.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614709669.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“闻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614170992.png，依据类推简化规则，，将正体楷书字形中的“門”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614230516.png简写成“门”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614128471.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：聞，知聞也。从耳，門聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：闻，听说，了解。字形采用“耳”作边旁，采用“门”作声旁。

27谏jiàn柬，既是声旁也是形旁，表示挑选、挑剔。諫，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251225868.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251523093.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251108571.png（柬，挑选、挑剔）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251386918.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251198710.png（言，言说、评论），表示挑剔、批评。造字本义：动词，臣子批评或忠告君王。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251346381.png承续金文字形。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251399799.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251250147.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251337501.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251307586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251387722.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“谏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251281843.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251337501.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251147001.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：諫，証也。从言，柬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：谏，向朝廷进言。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“柬”作声旁。

28仇chóu九，既是声旁也是形旁，表示挥臂攻击。仇，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849737605.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849998980.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849215871.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849522533.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849703631.png（九，“究”的省略，追究），表示追究对方。造字本义：动词，追究伤害，攻击报复。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849657305.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849215871.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849774850.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849703631.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849847673.png。
注：“仇”合并“雠”之后，“仇”只在作为姓氏或地名时读它原有的读音 qiú ；作动词时转读被合并字“雠”的读音 chóu ，这是合并简化过程发生的“变读”现象。
附一文言版《説文解字》：仇，讎也。从人，九聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：仇，配偶。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“九”作声旁。

29亡wáng亡，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606141039.png是指事字，字形在“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606695195.png的手部位置加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606309304.png，表示手持盾、甲之类的护具作掩护。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606183665.png将误将反写的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606159638.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606846935.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606413676.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606159638.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606253329.png，将甲骨文字形中表示盾甲的一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606309304.png写成折笔的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606433688.png，强调盾甲的抵挡、护卫作用。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606373549.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，战败的士兵手举盾甲逃命。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606729795.png承续篆文字形。晚期隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606501491.png变形，将“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606660658.png写成一点一横的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606705103.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：亡，逃也。从入，从∟。凡亡之屬皆从亡。
附二白话版《说文解字》：亡，逃跑。字形采用“入、∟”会义。所有与亡相关的字，都采用“亡”作边旁。
1.29今天任务小功不赏，则大功不立；小怨不赦，则大怨必生。
赏不服人，罚不甘心者叛。赏及无功，罚及无罪者酷。
听谗而美，闻谏而仇者亡。1小功不赏，则大功不立；------有功必赏这是正向激励。如何做到----明莫明于体物。细微的沙粒(小）运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。（功）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。（不）奖赐财物，以激励对方崇尚某种价值（赏），古人将法律条文及其他重要记录刻铸在青铜钟鼎上，以便久存流传。（则）顶天立地的成年人（大）运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。（功）不　　站在地上（立）.2.小怨不赦，则大怨必生。-----没有一辈子都不犯错的人，赦免一些非原则性的非主观意愿的小过失，并教导其改正，吸取经验和教训，这样对下属的提高和进步是很有帮助的。不懂这个道理的管理者，则是反反复复的吹毛求疵。大怨必生。------明莫明于体物。细微的沙粒(小）以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪（怨）不临刑前免除罪犯的死刑（赦），则顶天立地的成年人（大）以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪（怨）必然草木破土萌发（生）。3. 赏不服人，罚不甘心者叛。---人君舍公道公法，行私道私法，在罚过和赏功上面，因为没有常法作为标准，必然的会造成有失公允的情况发生。----病莫病于无常。如何正。----明莫明于体物。奖赐财物，以激励对方崇尚某种价值（赏）不抓捕战俘或罪犯，强制上枷，使之屈从（服）人，逮捕因言获罪者，并施以轻刑惩治（罚）不用口舌品尝食物的美味（甘）心古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）军队分裂，违抗中央政权（叛） 4赏及无功，罚及无罪者酷。----乱法之主，乱到了极致，公道沦丧到了极致，昏聩到了极点，---明莫明于体物，病莫病于无常。幽莫幽于贪鄙。奖赐财物，以激励对方崇尚某种价值（赏）赶上并抓住。（及）头顶全秃，没有头发（无）运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。（功），头顶全秃，没有头发（无）抓捕、惩罚犯人（罪）者非常，很，极端地。（酷）用耳、用心留意别人说的话（听）不断地用甜言蜜语讨好献媚。（谗）下巴上的胡须（而）头戴花环的人，华丽，悦目，好看，漂亮。（美）竖起耳朵，用心注意地听（闻）臣子批评或忠告君王（谏）而追究伤害，攻击报复（仇）者战败的士兵手举盾甲逃命。简单体会：做事不能循道，则会乱来，最后将不得治。要想能体物，循道，必先修德。 1小功不赏，则大功不立；------有功必赏这是正向激励。如何做到----明莫明于体物。2.小怨不赦，则大怨必生。-----没有一辈子都不犯错的人，赦免一些非原则性的非主观意愿的小过失，并教导其改正，吸取经验和教训，这样对下属的提高和进步是很有帮助的。不懂这个道理的管理者，则是反反复复的吹毛求疵。大怨必生。------明莫明于体物。3.赏不服人，罚不甘心者叛。---人君舍公道公法，行私道私法，在罚过和赏功上面，因为没有常法作为标准，必然的会造成有失公允的情况发生。----病莫病于无常。如何正。----明莫明于体物。4.赏及无功，罚及无罪者酷。----乱法之主，乱到了极致，公道沦丧到了极致，昏聩到了极点，---明莫明于体物，病莫病于无常。幽莫幽于贪鄙。5. 听谗而美，闻谏而仇者亡。---明莫明于体物-幽莫幽于贪鄙。
五吟诵已经发送群里。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-30 18:53:40

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-30 22:46 编辑

1.30
1能有其有者安，贪人之有者残。
能néng“能”是“熊”的本字。能，甲骨文像大型动物，字形突出了它的大嘴和利爪。造字本义：名词，体形庞大但善于爬树的熊。金文突出了圆头、大口利齿、利爪的特征。有的金文将分离成四个字件。篆文将金文字形中的熊头和大嘴写成“厶”和“月”。隶书将篆文字形中的写成，将篆文字形中的写成。当“能”的熊本义消失后，篆文再加“火”另造“熊”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：能，熊屬。足似鹿。从肉，㠯聲。能獸堅中，故稱賢能；而彊壯，稱能傑也。凡能之屬皆从能。
附二白话版《说文解字》：能，熊属。足形似鹿。字形采用“肉”作边旁，“㠯”作声旁。能（熊）是兽的中坚，因此称贤者为“能”；而强壮者，则称为“能杰”。所
有与能相关的字，都采用“能”作边旁。

2有yǒu“又”是“有”的本字。又，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631281572.png是象形字，字形像手张开，有所抓持。当“又”的“持有”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631870139.png再加“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631156015.png另造“有”代替，突出“手持肉食”的本义。远古时代肉食是生存资料中极为重要的部分，古人因此以“持肉”借代为“持有”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631363668.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，手持肉食。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631393533.png将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631291209.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631314781.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：有，不宜有也。《春秋傳》曰：“日月有食之。”从月，又聲。凡有之屬皆从有。
附二白话版《说文解字》：有，不合理的持有。《春秋传》上说：“日、月有吞食它们的日食、月食现象。”字形采用“月”作边旁，采用“又”作声旁。所有与“有”字有关的字，都采用“有”作边旁。

3其qí“其”是“箕”的本字。其，简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/28/20200328115951491361.gif是象形字，字形像有两个提手的盛具https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120102431404.gif，盛具由竹篾交错编织https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120219501696.gif而成，是“箕”的本字。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120541846233.gif、简体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120645913600.gif承续简体甲骨文字形。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gif加“廾”写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016451334.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif（竹制盛具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016818280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif（廾，双手持举），表示手持簸箕，在风中扬去谷物的皮壳，三点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120527517250.gif表示簸箕https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif上方飘飞的皮壳糠屑。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120711421933.gif误将繁体甲骨文字形中的“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif连写成“丌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif。有的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120736489164.gif误将本该写成“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif写成一横两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120751977244.gif。繁体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120837410166.gif承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：名词，竹篾编织成的开口簸箕，是农家的轻便盛具，可用于舂谷时颠簸扬糠。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120929550519.gif将篆文字形中的竹框“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120916623977.gif、与“廾”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120922228454.gif上部的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120808859206.gif所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121230279523.gif，连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121238285948.gif，导致字形费解。当“其”的本义消失后，甲骨文再加“筐”另造“箕”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：箕，簸也。从竹、data:image/png;base64,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，象形，下其丌也。data:image/png;base64,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，古文箕省。其，籀文箕。
附二白话版《说文解字》：其，箕簸。字形采用“竹、data:image/png;base64,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”会义，象形，下部是箕脚丌。data:image/png;base64,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，古文的写法是“箕”省略“竹”。其，就是籀文写法的“箕”字。

者“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

4安ān安，繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115903752596.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811450346.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917121024431066.gif（宀，新房）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811278453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115915797796.gif（女，流泪的新娘），表示新房中有新娘，别亲远嫁的新娘https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115926813494.gif，忧伤落泪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115935314522.gif。古代出嫁的女子在婚礼上哭泣，既是不舍父母乡亲、担忧未知命运的个人真情，也是传统婚嫁礼俗的要求。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115833750451.gif省去“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115935314522.gif（眼泪），将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115915797796.gif写成“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115854425773.gif。古代男子兴宅、娶亲，标志成家独立，获得家族事务的发言权，成为独立意义上的社会分子。因此在古代农业社会，盖新房、娶媳妇，是男子一生中至关重要的两大任务，直接而深刻地影响到男子个人的心理状态，成则安居乐业，不成则内心焦虑不宁。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120142810689.gif承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120200149242.gif将金文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120153491141.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120210378193.gif。造字本义：动词，男子建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120221756587.gif将篆文字形中的“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120248659272.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120230377277.gif，将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120210378193.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120239335577.gif。古人称娶亲成家、专心度日为“安”；称生活富足、内心愉快安定为“寧”，“安”是“寧”的基础，“寧”是“安”的高级境界。附一文言版《説文解字》：安，靜也。从女在宀下。
附二白话版《说文解字》：安，娴静。字形采用“宀、女”会义，表示女在屋下。

5贪tān含，既是声旁也是形旁，表示衔在嘴里。貪，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116870850.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116704727.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116420188.png（口，含在嘴里）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116730678.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116152400.png（貝，古代最早的货币），表示爱财至极，含贝在口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116361388.png将甲骨文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116420188.png写成“今”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116953064.png（“含”的省略），将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116152400.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116303829.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116795886.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，对钱贝迷恋到想把它吞下去。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116989816.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116249047.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116547033.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116650082.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116462031.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116116920.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116462031.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116383269.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：貪，欲物也。从貝，今聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贪，想要得到钱财货物。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“今”作声旁。

人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

6之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

6残cán歹，既是声旁也是形旁，表示肢解切割、析骨剔肉。殘，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507050726657133.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445966292.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507050754747490.gif（歹，肢解切割、析骨剔肉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445970005.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507050745267337.gif（戔，相互武力拼杀），表示武力拼杀，置对方于死地。造字本义：动词，为争夺利益，武力拼杀，置对方于死地。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507051731516002.gif将篆文字形中的“歹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507050754747490.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507051747762500.gif，将篆文字形中的“戔”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507050745267337.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507051903749140.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“残”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445945326.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“戔”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507051903749140.gif写成“戋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445170433.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：殘，賊也。从歺，戔聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：残，残害。字形采用“歹”作边旁，采用“戋”作声旁。
1.30今天任务：
能有其有者安，贪人之有者残。
结合本章前边的内容，并试图对应前一章对本章内容分组能有其有者安，贪人之有者残。------幽莫幽于贪鄙。1体形庞大但善于爬树的熊（能）手持肉食（有）其手持肉食的人（有）男子建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子。（安），对钱贝迷恋到想把它吞下去。（贪）别人（人）足履平地，徒步前往（之）手持肉食（有）的人为争夺利益，武力拼杀，置对方于死地。（残）三翻译：能手持其手持的东西的人则建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子。对钱迷恋到想把别人的钱吞下去的人，则会为争夺利举益，武力拼杀，置对方于死地。四，简单心得：能有其有者安，贪人之有者残。------幽莫幽于贪鄙。贪是多私的根，去根就得先修德。
以明示下者暗病莫病于无常
有过不知者蔽幽莫幽于贪鄙
迷而不返者惑。幽莫幽于贪鄙
以言取怨者祸孤莫孤于自恃
令与心乖者废病莫病于无常
后令缪前者毁病莫病于无常
怒而无威者犯病莫病于无常
好众辱人者殃孤莫孤于自恃
戮辱所任者危病莫病于无常
慢其所敬者凶病莫病于无常
貌合心离者孤孤莫孤于自恃。
亲谗远忠者亡幽莫幽于贪鄙
近色远贤者昏幽莫幽于贪鄙
女谒公行者乱幽莫幽于贪鄙
私人以官者浮幽莫幽于贪鄙
凌下取胜者侵幽莫幽于贪鄙
名不胜实者耗幽莫幽于贪鄙
略己而责人者不治幽莫幽于贪鄙
自厚而薄人者弃废。幽莫幽于贪鄙
以过弃功者损幽莫幽于贪鄙
群下外异者沦幽莫幽于贪鄙
既用不任者疏。幽莫幽于贪鄙
行赏吝色者沮。幽莫幽于贪鄙
多许少与者怨幽莫幽于贪鄙
既迎而拒者乖幽莫幽于贪鄙
薄施厚望者不报幽莫幽于贪鄙
贵而忘贱者不久孤莫孤于自恃
念旧而弃新功者凶孤莫孤于自恃
用人不得正者殆病莫病于无常
强用人者不畜病莫病于无常
为人择官者乱病莫病于无常
失其所强者弱病莫病于无常
决策于不仁者险病莫病于无常
阴计外泄者败，病莫病于无常
厚敛薄施者凋病莫病于无常
战士贫，游士富者衰病莫病于无常
货赂公行者昧病莫病于无常
闻善忽略，记过不忘者暴孤莫孤于自恃
所任不可信，所信不可任者浊。病莫病于无常
牧人以德者集，绳人以刑者浊病莫病于无常
小功不赏，则大功不立正：明莫明于体物
小怨不赦，则大怨必生。正：明莫明于体物
赏不服人，罚不甘心者叛。正：明莫明于体物
赏及无功，罚及无罪者酷病莫病于无常。幽莫幽于贪鄙。
听谗而美，闻谏而仇者亡。幽莫幽于贪鄙。
能有其有者安，贪人之有者残。幽莫幽于贪鄙。
五吟诵已经发群里。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-31 18:41:38

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-31 20:32 编辑

1.31.今天任务：

第六章安礼
怨在不舍小过，患在不预定谋。福在积善，祸在积恶。
饥在贱农，寒在堕织。安在得人，危在失事。
1怨yuàn夗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，表示弯曲、回转。怨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410750773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713198618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png（夗，即“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，弯曲回转）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713178887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png（心，情绪），表示委婉、迂回表达的负面情绪。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/16/20200116090226266386.gif将金文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png写成“命”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410107754.png，将籀文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410394136.png，表示对强令的不满。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713419582.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713509642.png将篆文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713179371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713840325.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713716123.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713921385.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：怨，恚也。从心，夗聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨。
附二白话版《说文解字》：怨，藏恨于心。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“夗”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨字

2在zài才，既是声旁也是形旁，表示房柱房梁。在，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808260429.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808306758.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808659398.png（才，房柱房梁，借代居所）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808164280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808880314.png（土，田地），表示赖以生存的居所和田地。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808420832.png将金文字形中的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808659398.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808573772.png，将金文字形中的“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808880314.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/24/20200124093020738722.gif。造字本义：动词，有屋有地，定居生活。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808858648.png将篆文字形中的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808573772.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808800007.png，变形较大。“存”的本义是传宗接代，强调时间上能延续；“在”的本义是定居生活，强调空间上有支点。附一文言版《説文解字》：在，存也。从土，才聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：在，存于某处。字形采用“土”作边旁，采用“才”作声旁。

3不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

4舍shěhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759581962.png，既是声旁也是形旁，是“余”的省略，表示简易茅屋。舍，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759275299.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759248165.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759581962.png（余，单柱、无壁的简易茅屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759928113.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759159409.png（囗，代表村邑），表示村邑中的茅屋。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759696785.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759176405.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，村邑中供旅人暂住的简易客店。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759359406.png将篆文字形中的“余”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759737991.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759818872.png。《汉字简化方案》用“舍”合并代替“捨”。附一文言版《説文解字》：舍，市居曰舍。从亼屮，象屋也。口象築也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：舍，为旅客服务的商业客馆叫“舍”。字形采用“亼、屮”会义。字形像房屋的样子。字形下部的“口”，像建筑物。

5小xiǎo“小”是“沙”的本字；“少”和“小”同源。小，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907972809.png是象形字，字形像三（众多）颗细微的沙粒。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907786902.png突出沙粒形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907301692.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907247354.png将中间的点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907301692.png写成长竖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907201426.png，将左边的点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907424666.png写成撇画https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907902823.png，将右边的点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907591445.png写成捺画https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907132882.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907111798.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，细微的沙粒。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/25/20200225075037790474.gif略有变形。当“小”的“沙粒”本义消失后，金文再加“水”另造“沙”代替，表示水边的细沙。附一文言版《説文解字》：小，物之微也。从八，丨見而分之。凡小之屬皆从小。
附二白话版《说文解字》：小，物体细微的特征。字形采用“八”作边旁，“丨”现而加细分。所有与小相关的字，都采用“小”作边旁。

6过guò咼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示残骨，借代死亡。過，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854703617.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854716116.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854506162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png（残骨，借代死亡），表示生命在岁月的行进中化成枯骨。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854818755.png将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png，将金文字形中的残骨形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png写成“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png。造字本义：动词，在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854650972.png将篆文字形或的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png写成“走字底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854333262.png，将篆文字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png。《汉字简化方案》中简体楷书“过”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854115298.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854764153.png，将正体楷书字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854762235.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：過，度也。从辵，咼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：过，经由，经度。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“咼”作声旁。

7患huàn串，既是声旁也是形旁，表示从内部连贯在一起。患，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703927975.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703894575.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703373020.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703259899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703469463.png（像疼痛皱眉的病人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703259899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703787825.png（双手），表示为家中的病人按摩、抚慰。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703535879.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703894575.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703773334.png（门，代表室内）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703259899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703224696.png（卄，皱眉的形象）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703259899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703389410.png（心，忧虑），表示古人因某种可怕的疾病躺在家里痛苦皱眉。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703961398.png另造会义兼形声的字形：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703961398.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703894575.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703528821.png（串，从内部连贯在一起）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703259899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703638409.png（心，忧虑），表示家人生病，亲人同感忧虑。造字本义：动词，生病卧床，居家疗养，亲人忧虑。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703736541.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703638409.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104703793042.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：患，憂也。从心上貫吅，吅亦聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文从關省
附二白话版《说文解字》：患，忧虑。字形采用“心”作边旁，心上一竖贯穿“吅”，“吅”同时也作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“患”字，采用有所省略的 “關”作声旁。

8在zài才，既是声旁也是形旁，表示房柱房梁。在，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808260429.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808306758.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808659398.png（才，房柱房梁，借代居所）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808164280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808880314.png（土，田地），表示赖以生存的居所和田地。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808420832.png将金文字形中的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808659398.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808573772.png，将金文字形中的“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808880314.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/24/20200124093020738722.gif。造字本义：动词，有屋有地，定居生活。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808858648.png将篆文字形中的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808573772.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808800007.png，变形较大。“存”的本义是传宗接代，强调时间上能延续；“在”的本义是定居生活，强调空间上有支点。附一文言版《説文解字》：在，存也。从土，才聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：在，存于某处。字形采用“土”作边旁，采用“才”作声旁。

9预yù予，既是声旁又是形旁，表示通过。預，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807660412.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807572241.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807864528.png（予，通过）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807513333.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807427975.png（頁，头脑），表示让想象情景过脑。造字本义：动词，情况发生前在大脑里模拟、构想。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807202385.png将篆文字形中的“予”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807864528.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807712108.png，将篆文字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807427975.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807639365.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“预”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807320257.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807639365.png简化成“页”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807548679.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：預，安也。案：經典通用豫。从頁，未詳。
附二白话版《说文解字》：预，安定。案：经典文献中“预”与“豫”通用。字形采用“页”作边旁，理由不详。

10定dìng定，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830921593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830645932.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830661164.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830982258.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830984923.png（足，结束征战归邑），表示结束征战，消除暴乱，归家安生。远古男子为了觅食和战争，总是常常外出远行奔波，回归家园是身心踏实的歇息。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830616942.png将甲骨文字形中的“足”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830984923.png写成“正”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830317513.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830789967.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，结束征战，安居度日。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830907816.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830927714.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830285039.png，将篆文字形中的“正”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830185608.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830800542.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：定，安也。从宀，从正。
附二白话版《说文解字》：定，安生度日。字形采用“宀、正”会义。

11谋móu某，既是声旁也是形旁，表示不确定。謀，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525802866.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525380882.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525573379.png（言，商议）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525193920.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525953607.png（某，不确定），表示为不确定的问题而商议。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525141815.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525573379.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525309607.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525953607.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525322149.png。造字本义：动词，因为对策略没把握而找人商讨。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525251673.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525309607.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525571390.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525322149.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525144456.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“谋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525662023.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525571390.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525585177.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：謀，慮難曰謀。从言，某聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：谋，讨论、筹划如何解决困难叫“谋”。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“某”作声旁。

12福fú畐，既是声旁也是形旁，是“酉”的变形，表示酒坛。福，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728175435.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728798487.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728354585.png（示，祭祀）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728584014.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728603555.png（又，巫师的动作）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728584014.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728995860.png（酉，酒坛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728584014.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728496465.png（双手，奉持），表示巫师手奉美酒，祭祀祈祷。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728704157.png省去双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728496465.png，将“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728354585.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728377665.png，将“酉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728995860.png写成“畐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728995872.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728668108.png将甲骨文字形中的“畐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728995872.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728197131.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728354143.png误将金文字形中的酒坛形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728197131.png写成“畐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728209190.png。造字本义：动词，用美酒祭神，祈求富足安康。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728740735.png将篆文字形中的“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728661230.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728975204.png，将篆文字形中的“畐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728209190.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728848888.png。从甲骨文字形看远古祖先的幸福观，“幸”为帝王所赐，是临死获赦而活着；“福”为上苍所赐，是神佑而富足安康。附一文言版《説文解字》：福，祐也。从示，畐聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：福，神灵保祐。字形采用“示”作边旁，采用“畐”作声旁。

13积jī責，既是声旁也是形旁，是“绩”的省略，表示续接、累加。積，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149748209.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149322495.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149652052.png（禾，谷物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149207474.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149660538.png（责，绩，续接、累加），表示持续累加的谷物。造字本义：名词，储备的粮食。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149172345.png承续籀文字形。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149234456.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149724634.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149962398.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149177796.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149135390.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“积”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149474507.png，用近音的“只”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149772102.png代替正体楷书字形中的“责”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149135390.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：積，聚也。从禾，責聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：积，聚集。字形采用“禾”作边旁，采用“责”作声旁。

14善shàn羊，既是声旁也是形旁，通“祥”。善，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611892308.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611706943.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png（双目，眼睛），表示眼神安祥温和，所谓“慈眉善目”。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611771717.png双眼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611111458.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611742560.png将一双眼睛写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611879022.png将一双眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png省略成一只眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611696554.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611156573.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611922193.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611730736.png（两个“言”），表示言语祥和亲切。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611774110.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，神态安祥，言语亲和。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611832494.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611807404.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611940856.png，将篆文字形中的两个“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611728701.png写成“卄”加“口”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611576006.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：善，吉也。从誩，从羊。此與義美同意。
附二白话版《说文解字》：善，吉祥。字形采用“誩、羊”会义。“善”这个字，与“義”（义）、“美”同义。

15祸huò禍，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755839669.png像大块骨头上刻有很多符号。有的甲骨文写作“占”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755567455.png，表示祭祀占卜时显示的凶兆。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755472923.png加“犬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755179961.png（猎），表示用来刻写的骨头来自猎物。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755892794.png省去甲骨文的“犬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755179961.png，将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755460034.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755448391.png，加“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755159888.png，强调“祸”的凶兆与祭祀占卜的关系。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755827097.png将金文字形中的“骨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755448391.png写成“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755916120.png。造字本义：动词，神因人的过犯而降下死难。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755984080.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755219735.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755161631.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755916120.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755164159.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“祸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755744692.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755164159.png简化成“呙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755574757.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：禍，害也，神不福也。从示，咼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：禍，灾害，表示神灵不予保祐。字形采用“示”作边旁，采用“咼”作声旁。

16积jī責，既是声旁也是形旁，是“绩”的省略，表示续接、累加。積，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149748209.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149322495.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149652052.png（禾，谷物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149207474.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149660538.png（责，绩，续接、累加），表示持续累加的谷物。造字本义：名词，储备的粮食。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149172345.png承续籀文字形。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149234456.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149724634.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149962398.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149177796.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149135390.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“积”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149474507.png，用近音的“只”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149772102.png代替正体楷书字形中的“责”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023149135390.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：積，聚也。从禾，責聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：积，聚集。字形采用“禾”作边旁，采用“责”作声旁。

17恶è惡，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715253563.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715674128.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715521619.png（亞，位居第二的）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715320259.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715912393.png（心，意愿），表示不如愿的。造字本义：动词，内心无法接受的，反感的。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715551830.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715521619.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715535019.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715912393.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715790534.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“恶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715592029.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“亞”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715408788.png简化成“亚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715524556.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：惡，過也。从心，亞聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：恶，罪过。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“亚”作声旁。

18饥jī几，既是声旁也是形旁，表示小桌子。飢，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839771838.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839214993.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839359914.png（食，食物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839149322.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839711376.png（几，小桌），表示桌上没有或很少食物。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839846718.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839359914.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839224652.png。造字本义：动词，餐桌上没有食物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839888242.png将篆文字形中的“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839224652.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839514414.png，将篆文字形中的“几”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839517506.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839798193.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“饥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839707764.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839514414.png简化成“饣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839342383.png。“饥”形容家庭缺乏食物的状况，餐桌上没有食物；“饿”形容个体胃部缺乏食物的状况，久饥而呻吟叹息。附一文言版《説文解字》：饥，饿也。从食，几聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：饥，肚子饿。字形采用“食”作边旁，采用“几”作声旁。

19贱戔，既是声旁也是形旁，表示刀戈相加。賤，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845605811.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845341436.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845861685.png（贝壳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845752318.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845988968.png（戔，刀戈相加），表示用刀、戈破坏贝壳。远古时代完整的贝壳曾经是可流通的货币，而贝壳的碎块却没有货币功能。造字本义：动词，毁坏贝壳，使其失去货币价值。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845367435.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845861685.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845521657.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845988968.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845409062.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贱”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845730670.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845521657.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845847468.png，将正体楷书字形中的“戔”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845409062.png简化成“戋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845130001.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：賤，賈少也。从貝，戔聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贱，价格卖得低。字形采用“贝”作边旁，“戋”作声旁。

20农nóng“莀”与“辳”同源，后分化；“辳”是“𨑋”的本字；“莀”是“蓐”的本字；而“農”是“𨑋”和“䢉”的异体字。辰，既是声旁也是形旁，是“䢅”、“振”和“辱”的本字；而“辱”又是“耨”的本字，表示用农械锄草耕耘。辳，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/30/20201230043041231664.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023433397034.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/30/20201230043051886898.gif（林，林野）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023433935532.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/30/20201230043102456588.gif（辰，即“辱”的本字，手握石器，生产劳作），表示手握石器，在林野生产劳作，即先民用石斧或石锄，伐木或锄草，开荒垦田。由于甲骨文字形“辰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/30/20201230043102456588.gif中的手形“丮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/2/20210102050033765905.gif模糊难辨，为了避免后人的错认误读，繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/2/20210102050110205570.gif再加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/2/20210102050125696316.gif（抓持），强调用手持握石器的动作。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/2/20210102050408852882.gif将甲骨文字形中的“辰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/30/20201230043102456588.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/2/20210102050439881547.gif。繁体金文“𨑋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/2/20210102052246580507.gif再加“田”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/2/20210102052258618419.gif，强调开荒的“垦田”目的意义。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103104526560834.gif用双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103104537211353.gif代替“林”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103104603924259.gif，强调手脚忙碌在林野开荒的劳作。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103104646925578.gif误将“田”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/2/20210102052258618419.gif写成“西”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105001503105.gif的形状，误将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105026640932.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103104740680862.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105136123692.gif又误将金文字形中的“西”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105001503105.gif写成“囟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105151356177.gif。造字本义：动词，石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105232688945.gif将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105321602244.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105355998427.gif，将篆文字形中的“辰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105332901695.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105711709355.gif。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105459121548.gif误将由双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105742964730.gif和“田”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105751460526.gif构成的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105355998427.gif连写成“曲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/3/20210103105509829526.gif，导致字形费解。古籍多以“農”代替“辳”、“莀”、“𨑋”、和“䢉”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：農，耕也。从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDowMDJDMDFFOTEyRkUxMUU3ODMyMzgzQ0NERTQ0NUYzQiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDowMDJDMDFFQTEyRkUxMUU3ODMyMzgzQ0NERTQ0NTNCIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MDAyQzAxRTcxMkZFMTFFNzgzMjMzQ0NERTQ0NUYzQiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDowMDJDMDFFODEyRkUxMUU3ODIzODNDQ0RFNDQ1RjNCIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveHhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAdSMfWAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAChJREFUGNNj+PyDoY+DYf8LhiYY+f8HQwOQ/YNhgQSIBLK33WAoZgAAZi0QEvS96uUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，囟聲。徐锴曰：“當从凶乃得聲。”data:image/png;base64,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，籀文农从林。data:image/png;base64,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，古文农。辳，亦古文農。
附二白话版《说文解字》：农，耕作。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁，采用“囟”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文写法的“农”，字形采用“林”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“农”。辳，这也是古文写法的“农”。

21寒hán爿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示睡卧家具。寒，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842993867.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842882789.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842244650.png（身，人体）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842106149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842485044.png（茻，草堆）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842106149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842620900.png（爿，床），像一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842244650.png睡在铺满草蓐https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842485044.png的床https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842620900.png上，表示天气凄冷肃杀。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842128285.png用“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842108073.png（卧室）代替“爿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842620900.png（床），用“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842839230.png代替“身”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842244650.png，用四点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842311392.png代替三个“屮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842485044.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842581143.png综合两款甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842743593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842882789.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842944874.png（宀，卧室）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842106149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842381247.png（茻，草蓐）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842106149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842933762.png（人，睡眠者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842106149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842101824.png（夕，夜晚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842106149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842185175.png（“二”是“仌”即“冰”的变形），表示结冰天气的夜晚，睡觉时用草蓐保温。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842320085.png省去金文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842101824.png（夜晚），并将金文字形中的“二”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842185175.png写成“仌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842910963.png（冰），明确“结冰天气”的含义。造字本义：动词，在结冰的冷天夜晚，睡觉时用草褥保暖。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842467062.png将篆文字形中“茻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842372886.png的四个“屮”草写成“井”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842113242.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842863753.png写成“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842923651.png，将篆文字形中的“仌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842910963.png（冰）简化成“两点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842107742.png。古人认为“燠”是热之始，“暑”是热之极；“凉”是冷之始，“寒”是冷之极。附一文言版《説文解字》：寒，凍也。从人在宀下，以茻薦覆之，下有仌。
附二白话版《说文解字》：寒，冷气冻人。字形采用“宀、人、茻、仌”会义，表示用草褥垫盖，字形下部有“仌”表示天气冷水结冰。

22堕duò“队”是“坠”的本字；“坠”是“隋”和“墮”的本字；“隓”是“隋”异体字。队，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307540553.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307870863.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307510125.png（阜，石阶，代山崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307340926.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307177275.png（头朝下的“子”），表示小孩从山崖坠落。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307592142.png用倒写的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307176436.png（头朝下坠落）代替倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307177275.png（坠落的孩童），表示大人从山崖坠落。远古山民将夭折的婴孩和死去的成人从山崖抛入深谷，即原始的抛葬式天葬。晋人歌吟的“死去何所道，托体同山阿”正是这种葬俗。金文“坠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307440061.png在“队”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307219838.png的字形基础上加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307657272.png（像被包裹、捆绑的尸体）、加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307978143.png（埋），表明抛葬风俗后期发展成土葬。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307785947.png误将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307440061.png中倒写的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307428618.png写成“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307808932.png，同时加“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307904604.png（肉，借代躯体），表示抛葬坠谷的尸体。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307354871.png误将早期篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307785947.png中的“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307911831.png写成“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307922691.png，导致“隋”的本义线索隐晦。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307109209.png省去“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307734127.png，并增加一个“左”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307240688.png。当“隋”（suí）的“坠落”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307511348.png再加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307739094.png另造“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307572781.png”（duò）代替，表示坠地；并以“左”为声旁，将 suí 音改读成 duò 音。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307130442.png调整成上下结构，并将篆文字形中的“隋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307354871.png简化成“陏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307604338.png。造字本义：动词，远古山民将夭折的婴孩和死去的成人从山崖抛入深谷，即原始的抛葬式天葬。附一文言版《説文解字》：隓，敗城data:image/png;base64,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曰隓。从data:image/png;base64,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，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，篆文。
附二白话版《说文解字》：隓，毁坏城墙叫隓。字形采用“阜”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是篆文“隓”的异体字形。

23织zhī戠，既是声旁也是形旁，表示标识。織，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152872783.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152455704.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152898651.png（“戠”的省略，标识）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152870631.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152543392.png（糸，布帛），表示布帛上的标识。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152265636.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152455704.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152309731.png（糸，布帛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152870631.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152189173.png（戠，即“识”），明确“标识”含义。造字本义：动词，用有色丝线在布帛上纺出标识。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152554032.png将篆文字形中的“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152309731.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152812323.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152189173.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152653678.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“织”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152242088.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152812323.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152328653.png，将正体楷书字形中的“戠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152653678.png简化成“只”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152771159.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：織，作布帛之緫名也。从糸，戠聲。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA4AAAAOAQMAAAAlhr+SAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo2QTJGNDY5M0Y2M0ExMUU5ODA4M0UyOEVEMTE1MUIyRCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo2QTJGNDY5NEY2M0ExMUU5ODA4M0UyOEVEMTE1MTJEIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NkEyRjQ2OTFGNjNBMTFFOTA4M0UyOEVEMTE1MUIyRCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo2QTJGNDY5MkY2M0ExRTk4MDgzRTI4RUQxMTUxQjJEIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRD4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3b2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAGuvaMAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAADVJREFUGNMBKgDV/wDf1ADf2AC33AC0AAAP3ADv3ADeHAC3XAAHXAD3bAD/aABXKABQ8AB/+HhuENifs+qJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC，樂浪挈令織，从糸，从式。
附二白话版《说文解字》：织，制作布帛丝品的工艺总称。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用“戠”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是乐浪郡刻写在木板上的法令中的“织”字。

24安ān安，繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115903752596.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811450346.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917121024431066.gif（宀，新房）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811278453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115915797796.gif（女，流泪的新娘），表示新房中有新娘，别亲远嫁的新娘https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115926813494.gif，忧伤落泪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115935314522.gif。古代出嫁的女子在婚礼上哭泣，既是不舍父母乡亲、担忧未知命运的个人真情，也是传统婚嫁礼俗的要求。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115833750451.gif省去“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115935314522.gif（眼泪），将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115915797796.gif写成“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115854425773.gif。古代男子兴宅、娶亲，标志成家独立，获得家族事务的发言权，成为独立意义上的社会分子。因此在古代农业社会，盖新房、娶媳妇，是男子一生中至关重要的两大任务，直接而深刻地影响到男子个人的心理状态，成则安居乐业，不成则内心焦虑不宁。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120142810689.gif承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120200149242.gif将金文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120153491141.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120210378193.gif。造字本义：动词，男子建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120221756587.gif将篆文字形中的“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120248659272.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120230377277.gif，将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120210378193.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120239335577.gif。古人称娶亲成家、专心度日为“安”；称生活富足、内心愉快安定为“寧”，“安”是“寧”的基础，“寧”是“安”的高级境界。附一文言版《説文解字》：安，靜也。从女在宀下。
附二白话版《说文解字》：安，娴静。字形采用“宀、女”会义，表示女在屋下。

25得dé得，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836957414.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836359904.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836699801.png（手，拾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836929251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836378452.png（贝，最原始货币），表示拾贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836461451.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836135386.png（行进），表示古代中原人长途跋涉到湖海之滨寻觅和拾捡贝壳。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836112131.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836775386.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836675991.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png，同时误将籀文字形中的的“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836244183.png写成“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836499763.png。造字本义：动词，捡到贝壳，喜获财富。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836567423.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836158708.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836786586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836802651.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。附一文言版《説文解字》：得，行有所得也。从彳，㝵聲。䙷，古文省彳。
附二白话版《说文解字》：得，远行探索而有所获。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“㝵”作声旁。䙷，这是古文写法的“得”字，省略了“彳”。

26人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

27危wēi危，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903394337.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903487843.png（像悬崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png（像坠石），表示悬崖坠石。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903819604.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903308619.png将坠石形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png繁化为https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903810755.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903505565.png。金文另造会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903556989.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903325061.png（人，……）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903372949.png（厂，崖岩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903920079.png（巳，即“人”的变形），表示人在崖顶，担心坠崖；人在崖下，担心坠石。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903511445.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903912103.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903984541.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903681086.png；将篆文字形中的“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903132745.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903684129.png；将篆文字形中的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903446809.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903301155.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：危，在高而懼也。从厃，自卪止之。凡危之屬皆从危。
附二白话版《说文解字》：危，人在高处而恐惧。字形采用“厃”作边旁，表示自卪履高而止。所有与危相关的字，都采用“危”作边旁。

28失shī失，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632754016.png在手“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632679430.png上加一捺指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632995410.png，表示手未抓牢。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632414717.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，手未抓牢而丢落。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632303721.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632214926.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632125143.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：失，縱也。从手，乙聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：失，放手、脱手而不能控制。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“乙”作声旁

29事shì“吏”、“事”与“史”同源。史，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709702552.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709798175.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709476379.png（中，是两军对峙的非军事地带）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709760216.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709819764.png（又，执、持），表示手持旌节，出使发生争端的国界和谈。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709476379.png是“中”的繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709562857.png的简写。古远时代以族旗国旗为跨界出行的护照，“中”的本义即两国使者各执国旗争端的国界会谈调停，折中求和。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709374363.png将旗帜状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709584386.png简化成“干”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709644447.png，将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709476379.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709538502.png，导致字形晦涩。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709638758.png则将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709538502.png进一步简化成“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709899386.png。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709685896.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709975655.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709892186.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709501083.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709266907.png。造字本义：动词，手持旌节，代表国家，出使和谈，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的和平文件。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709478371.png将篆文字形中的“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709547411.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023709605085.png。古代称博学的文职官员为“史”，称行政管理官员为“吏”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：事，職也。从史，之省聲。，古文事。
附二白话版《说文解字》：事，当差。字形采用“史”作边旁，采用有所省略的“止”（屮）作声旁。，这是古文写法的“事”
今天任务：

第六章安礼
怨在不舍小过，患在不预定谋。福在积善，祸在积恶。
饥在贱农，寒在堕织。安在得人，危在失事。三翻译：1怨在不舍小过，患在不预定谋。---------幽莫幽于贪鄙，短莫短于苟得。以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪（怨）有屋有地，定居生活（在）不放弃（舍）细微的沙粒（小）在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再（过），生病卧床，居家疗养，亲人忧虑（患）有屋有地，定居生活（在）不在情况发生前在大脑里模拟、构想（预）结束征战，安居度日（定）因为对策略没把握而找人商讨（谋）不放弃小的过，就会生怨。不在情况发生前在大脑里模拟、构想好策略便会有患。2. 福在积善，祸在积恶。----乐莫乐于好善，幽莫幽于贪鄙。用美酒祭神，祈求富足安康。（福）有屋有地，定居生活（在）表示持续累加的谷物（积--聚），神态安祥，言语亲和。（善），神因人的过犯而降下死难（祸）有屋有地，定居生活（在）表示持续累加的谷物（积）内心无法接受的，反感的（恶）。翻译：持续累加善就会有福，持续累加恶就会产生祸。3. 饥在贱农，寒在堕织。-----贪享乐-----幽莫幽于贪鄙。餐桌上没有食物（饥）有屋有地，定居生活（在）毁坏贝壳，使其失去货币价值。（贱）石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。（农）。在结冰的冷天夜晚，睡觉时用草褥保暖（寒）有屋有地，定居生活（在）远古山民将夭折的婴孩和死去的成人从山崖抛入深谷，即原始的抛葬式天葬。（堕）用有色丝线在布帛上纺出标识。（织）翻译：餐桌上没有食物是因为（毁坏伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌这些活动。）---不辛勤耕作（农）在结冰的冷天夜晚，睡觉时不能有棉被保暖，是因为不积极纺织，不务正业。4安在得人，危在失事。------能得贤人，能识贤人，神莫神于至诚。不足以守职胜任便会失事。-----心中无道，则不足以守职胜任。----病莫病于无常。男子建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子。（安）有屋有地，定居生活（在）捡到贝壳，喜获财富（得）人，人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石（危）有屋有地，定居生活（在）手未抓牢而丢落（失）手持旌节，代表国家，出使和谈，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的和平文件。（事）翻译：内心踏实过日子是因为喜获贤人君子。人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石是因为没有成功完成手持旌节，代表国家，出使和谈，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的和平文件。四简单心得：1怨在不舍小过--------无深虑远计---看不到大局只限在目前的感受里---幽莫幽于贪鄙，短莫短于苟得。患在不预定谋------无深计远虑-----短莫短于苟得。2. 福在积善----乐莫乐于好善。祸在积恶-------肯定有一贪才会不断的积累恶-------幽莫幽于贪鄙。3. 饥在贱农，寒在堕织。-----贪享乐-----幽莫幽于贪鄙。4安在得人， ------能得贤人，能识贤人，神莫神于至诚。危在失事-------心中无道，则不足以守职胜任便会失事。----病莫病于无常。五吟诵已经发群。

睿涵发表于 2021-2-1 10:22:07

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-2-1 11:51 编辑

2.1.今天任务：
富在迎来，贫在弃时。上无常操，下多疑心。
轻上生罪，侮下无亲。近臣不重，远臣轻之。

1.富fù富，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836821208.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836346507.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836192076.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836865613.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836530165.png（酉，酒坛）。远古时代粮食匮乏，酒品稀有，家中有酒是生活宽裕的标志。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836568462.png误将金文字形中酒坛形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836530165.png写成“畐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836738835.png。造字本义：形容词，家境宽裕，有余粮酿酒。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836350371.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836430660.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836146983.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：富，備也。一曰厚也。从宀，畐聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：富，所需皆备。另一种说法认为，“富”是家底厚实。字形采用“宀”作边旁，采用“畐”作声旁。

2在zài才，既是声旁也是形旁，表示房柱房梁。在，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808260429.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808306758.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808659398.png（才，房柱房梁，借代居所）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808164280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808880314.png（土，田地），表示赖以生存的居所和田地。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808420832.png将金文字形中的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808659398.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808573772.png，将金文字形中的“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808880314.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/24/20200124093020738722.gif。造字本义：动词，有屋有地，定居生活。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808858648.png将篆文字形中的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808573772.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808800007.png，变形较大。“存”的本义是传宗接代，强调时间上能延续；“在”的本义是定居生活，强调空间上有支点。附一文言版《説文解字》：在，存也。从土，才聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：在，存于某处。字形采用“土”作边旁，采用“才”作声旁。

3迎yíng卬，既是声旁也是形旁，表示仰视。迎，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131396453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131102898.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/31/20200331090723559814.gif（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131230599.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131971641.png（卬，仰视），表示上前仰视接客。造字本义：动词，仰面上前接待，以示敬重和热情。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131322498.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/31/20200331090723559814.gif写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131302665.png，将篆文字形中的“卬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131971641.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131697171.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：迎，逢也。从辵，卬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：迎，相逢也。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“卬”作声旁。

4来lái“來”是“麥”的本字。來，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405277559.png是象形字，字形像叶子对生https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405223630.png的麦子，顶部的一撇https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405200399.png像麦穗。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405185666.png略有变形，误将表示麦茎的中间一竖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405994425.png穿透表示麦穗的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405582017.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405828467.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405999750.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405506377.png（行，迁移）、加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405909727.png（脚趾，借代行走、移动），强调麦子由异域“引进”中原。麦子是从南欧及西亚引进的作物品种，产量大大高于黍、粟等本土作物，古人将这种优良作物命名为“來”——外来的。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405233970.png基本承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405185666.png，但误将甲骨文字形中对生的麦叶https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405223630.png写成“从”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405955099.png。造字本义：名词，麦子，从外域引进的作物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405226813.png基本承续篆文字形，将“从”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405955099.png简化成两点一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022405954653.png，至此麦形完全消失。当“來”的“麦子”名词本义消失后，甲骨文再加“夂”（倒写的“止”，脚，表示迁徙，引进）另造“麥”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：來，周所受瑞麥來麰。一來二峰，象芒朿之形。天所來也，故爲行來之來。《詩》曰：“詒我來麰。”凡來之屬皆从來。
附二白话版《说文解字》：来，周代先人所接受的西域瑞麦。一支來麦有二支麦峰（指篆文“來”字形中的data:image/png;base64,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），象麦子的芒刺形状。它是上天送来的宝贵礼物，所以称这种庄稼为“行来”的“来”。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“诒我來麰。”所有与来相关的字，都采用“来”作边旁。

5贫pín貧，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107824124.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107331733.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107525050.png（宀，家）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107987247.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107347326.png（分）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107892606.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107331733.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107499014.png（分）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107987247.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107248535.png（貝，财产），强调分割财产。造字本义：动词，分割家产。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107504624.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107499014.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107509640.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107248535.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107413138.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107496286.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107413138.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107794273.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：貧，財分少也。从貝，从分，分亦聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文从宀、分。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贫，家产而众人分割而减少。字形采用“贝”会义，“分”也是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“贫”，字形采用“宀、分”会义。

6弃qì其，既是声旁也是形旁，是“箕”的本字，表示箕筐，农用盛具。棄，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149695934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149922458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png（子，幼婴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png（其，即“箕”，竹筐）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149844333.png（双手），表示双手持箕，将箕筐中的幼婴送出家门。远古时代有些先民出于生存环境的压力，被迫将病婴、女婴、或无力养育的婴儿装在箕筐里，送到确信有人经过的地方，让善心人收养。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149628039.png将甲骨文字形中的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png写成倒写的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149502831.png，表示初生的婴儿。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149170804.png则将甲骨文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png简化字形，省去篆文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。造字本义：动词，将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149660680.png将篆文字形中倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149108795.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149262943.png，将篆文字形中双手持箕的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149245587.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149604566.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“弃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149686632.png，承续简体的篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：棄，捐也。从廾推data:image/png;base64,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棄之，从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAOAQMAAADDr3TWAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpFMDZGMjUyNkY5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDIxMSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMDZGMjUyN0Y5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDExIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MDZGMjUyNEY5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDIxMSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMDZGMjUyNUY5OTExRTlCRDg4REIxNkJCOTcwMjExIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRD4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3b2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAMe2LmAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACZJREFUGNNj+P2AAY6A4PsDEHr/gOHdA4b7CQz3FzDsXwAS/38AANMdFJR9r9uQAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC。data:image/png;base64,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，逆子也。弃，古文棄。
附二白话版《说文解字》：弃，遗弃婴儿。字形采用“廾”作边旁，表示双手推着箕筐data:image/png;base64,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将婴孩丢在有人过往的地方。字形也用data:image/png;base64,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作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是头朝下的孩子，表示被遗弃的婴孩。弃，这是古文写法的“弃”。

7时shí止，既是声旁也是形旁，是“趾”的本字，表示行进。時，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143520089.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143764170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090352342625.gif（止，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143563386.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143363050.png（日，太阳），表示太阳运行。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143226800.png将甲骨文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090352342625.gif（趾）写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143226800.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143629064.png承续金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090852720191.gif将籀文字形的上下结构调整成左右结构，并加“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428010159461343.gif（抓持），表示力图抓住易逝的光阴。造字本义：名词，太阳运行的节奏，季节。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143993975.png将篆文字形中的“寺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427091144101454.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143395355.png，将篆文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427091044628444.gif（趾）写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143219863.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“时”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143718504.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143216774.png删减字件“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143219863.png，将正体楷书字形中的“寺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143395355.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143440102.png。四季为“时”；一天为“日”。附一文言版《説文解字》：時，四時也。从日，寺聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：时，四季。字形采用“日”作边旁，采用“寺”作声旁。

8上shàng“上”是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，底端一横较长，顶端的一横较短。古人用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140811157.png代表混沌太初状态；用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140414725.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140414725.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140759082.png将表示“天”的北端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的南端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140707827.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140283386.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140506374.png之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140180668.png，以显示纵的方向。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140374061.png省去短横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140224294.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与地相对的天。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140518214.png承续金文字形。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。
9无wú无，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735836604.png是指事字，字形在表示“秃头”的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png字上加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735927534.png指事符号，表示全秃，强调“兀”的程度。造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735914971.png将篆文字形中的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735676357.png。“兀”是秃顶；“无”是全秃，完全光头。附一文言版《説文解字》：無，亡也。从亡，無聲。无，奇字无，通于元者。王育说，天屈西北为无。
附二白话版《说文解字》：無，没有。字形采用“亡”作边旁，采用“無”作声旁。“无”，这是一个奇字，是“元”的撇画向上贯通而产生的奇字。王育说，天穹向西北弓屈叫作“无”。

10常cháng“裳”是“常”的异体字。尚，既是声旁也是形旁，表示崇尚的、流行的。常，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728754666.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728429754.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728676909.png（尚，崇尚、流行）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728731777.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728235887.png（巾，布），表示人们崇尚的服饰。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728888989.png将金文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728482805.png。篆文异体字“裳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728298470.png用“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728494429.png代替“巾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728582096.png。造字本义：名词，古代长期流行的服饰。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728289099.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728482805.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728897601.png。古代称连体裙为“裳”，称长裙为“常”。附一文言版《説文解字》：常，下帬也。从巾，尚聲。裳，常或从衣。
附二白话版《说文解字》：常，下身穿的衣裙。字形采用“巾”作边旁，采用“尚”作声旁。裳，这是“常”的异体字，字形采用“衣”作边旁。

11操cāo喿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示成群小鸟在树上呱叫。操，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433512084.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433630196.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433128859.png（手，挥动拳脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433408072.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433691096.png（噪，集体呐喊），造字本义：动词，集体喊着口令训练或演习。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433752306.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433128859.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433346798.png，失去五指形象；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433691096.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433910787.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：操，把持也。从手，喿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：操，把持。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“喿”作声旁。

12下xià“下”是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，顶端一横较长，底端的一横较短。古人用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png代表混沌太初状态；用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230147841.png将表示“天”的北端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的南端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png承续甲骨文字形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230978137.png，以显示纵的方向。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230924770.png省去短横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230842678.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与天相对的地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230635098.png承续金文字形。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底也。指事。下，篆文data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底部。“下”是指事字。下，篆文写作“data:image/png;base64,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”。

13多duō多，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457632219.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457131099.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457364946.png（夕，肉块）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457897097.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457365092.png（夕，肉块），表示两份肉食。在物质匮乏的原始共产平分时代，人们均分物用，尤其均分对生在影响重大的肉食，一人独占双份或数份肉食，就是“超额”的破例。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457460214.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457472508.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，一人独占双份、数份肉食。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457828850.png承续篆文字形。平分肉食为“宜”；独享双份肉食为“多”；堆积大量肉食为“叠”。附一文言版《説文解字》：多，重也。从重夕。夕者，相繹也，故爲多。重夕爲多，重日爲曡。凡多之屬皆从多。data:image/png;base64,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，古文多字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：多，重复。字形采用“重夕”会义。夕，表示相演绎，所以变成多。重叠“夕”字叫“多”；重叠“日”字叫“曡”。所有与多相关的字，都采用“多”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“多”。

14疑yí疑，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132630165.png像一个拄着手杖的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132732325.png发傻地张大嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132346434.png，困惑而不知所向的样子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132895615.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132918388.png（十字路口），强调在十字路口迷路含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132157147.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132494435.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（牛，可能是“屰”之误写，迎面而来的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132298322.png（困惑地张着大嘴的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132353970.png（“彳”的误写）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132198159.png（止，行进），表示迷路者向迎面而来的行人问路。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132562956.png误将金文中张大的嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132664544.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png，误将金文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132915652.png（人）写成“矢”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png，并以“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png代替“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（“屰”之误写），表示小孩迷路。造字本义：动词，在十字路口不知所往。“疑”生于对外部的无知，致知即可释疑；“惑”生于内心的混乱，心乱生于贪欲——“四十不惑”，是指人到中年后能够看清自己真正的欲求而获得明智。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132795942.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132528919.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132156734.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132356943.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132543849.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132569641.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：疑，惑也。从子止匕，矢聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：疑，迷惑而不知所从。字形采用“子、止、匕”作边旁，采用“矢”作声旁。

15心xīn心，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157931172.png是象形字，字形像包形的内脏器官。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157639787.png在包形器官https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157999348.png基础上增加动脉和静脉的入口管道形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157149033.png，并在包形器官的内部增加一点表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png，整个字形像人体内包形的泵血器官。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157271167.png简化血管形状。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157891460.png省去表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157341684.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，人体的泵血器官，从静脉接受血液并将其压入动脉从而维持血液在整个循环系统中的流动。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157316548.png变形较大，至此，泵血器官的包形消失、血管形状消失。古人发现，心不仅是泵血器官，还是感知器官，具有直觉思维的能力。附一文言版《説文解字》：心，人心，土藏，在身之中。象形。博士說以爲火藏。凡心之屬皆从心。
附二白话版《说文解字》：心，人的心脏，是属于土性的臟器，藏在身躯的中央位置。字形像泵血器官的形状。也有博学之士说，心是属火的臟器。所有与心相关的字，都采用“心”作边旁。

16轻qīng巠，既是声旁也是形旁，是“徑”的省略，表示便道、小道。輕，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607571687.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607583162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607231298.png（車，战车）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607611651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607604620.png（巠，即“徑”，便道、小道），表示可以在小道上运转自如的小型战车。造字本义：形容词，战车负重少、运转自如。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607168666.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607231298.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607525830.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607604620.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607897603.png。《汉字简化方案》中简体楷书“轻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607644729.png依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“車”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607525830.png简化成“车”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607534709.png，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607897603.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607834172.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：輕，輕車也。从車，巠聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：轻，轻型战车。字形采用“车”作边旁，采用“巠”作声旁。

17生shēng生，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144642831.png是指事字，在草叶https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144179224.png（屮）下面加一横表示地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144118039.png，表示新芽破土而出。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144392609.png用“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144502195.png代替表示地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144118039.png，成为会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144392609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144359224.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144179224.png（屮，新芽）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144703841.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144502195.png（土，地面），表示地面上有新芽冒出。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144847946.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144557374.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，草木破土萌发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144825617.png将篆文上部的“屮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144640890.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144511849.png，失去植物嫩叶萌发https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144640890.png的形象。古籍常假借“生”代替“性”。附一文言版《説文解字》：生，進也。象艸木生出土上。凡生之屬皆从生。
附二白话版《说文解字》：生，发育进展。象草从泥土上长出。所有与生相关的字，都采用“生”作边旁。

18罪zuì非，既是声旁也是形旁，表示非法。罪，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933999627.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933462793.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933987516.png（网，缉捕）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933356735.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933129391.png（非，非法），表示缉凶。造字本义：动词，抓捕、惩罚犯人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933607410.png将篆文的“网”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933987516.png写成“四”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933177038.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933129391.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104933696890.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：罪，捕魚竹网。从网、非。秦以罪爲辠字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：罪，捕鱼的竹网。字形采用“网、非”会义。秦人用“罪”字代替“辠”字。

19侮wǔ侮，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927519474.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927328558.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927403447.png（又，抓住、控制）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927342300.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927377719.png（女）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927342300.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927514443.png（人，冒犯者），表示依仗暴力对被控制的妇女进行欺辱伤害。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927991398.png省去甲骨文的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927403447.png，以“每”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927151051.png代“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927377719.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927351966.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927313292.png写成“人、女”会义或“人、母”会义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927101835.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，欺辱妇女，以暴力做违背妇女意愿的事。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927910316.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927886474.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927628650.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927847763.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927520885.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：侮，傷也。从人，每聲。㑄，古文从母。
附二白话版《说文解字》：侮，轻慢。字形采用“女”作边旁，采用“每”作声旁。㑄，这是古文写法的“侮”字，字形采用“母”作声旁。

20下xià“下”是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，顶端一横较长，底端的一横较短。古人用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png代表混沌太初状态；用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230147841.png将表示“天”的北端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的南端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png承续甲骨文字形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230978137.png，以显示纵的方向。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230924770.png省去短横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230842678.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与天相对的地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230635098.png承续金文字形。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底也。指事。下，篆文data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底部。“下”是指事字。下，篆文写作“data:image/png;base64,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”。

21无wú无，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735836604.png是指事字，字形在表示“秃头”的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png字上加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735927534.png指事符号，表示全秃，强调“兀”的程度。造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735914971.png将篆文字形中的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735676357.png。“兀”是秃顶；“无”是全秃，完全光头。附一文言版《説文解字》：無，亡也。从亡，無聲。无，奇字无，通于元者。王育说，天屈西北为无。
附二白话版《说文解字》：無，没有。字形采用“亡”作边旁，采用“無”作声旁。“无”，这是一个奇字，是“元”的撇画向上贯通而产生的奇字。王育说，天穹向西北弓屈叫作“无”。

22亲qīn辛，既是声旁也是形旁，表示刑罚。親，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205608336.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205543893.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205633288.png（辛，受刑、受监）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205764508.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205903158.png（見，探望），表示探监。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205419696.png将金文字形中的“辛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205633288.png写成“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205281942.png，将金文字形中的“見”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205903158.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205588040.png。在专制文化深入人心的古代，无论罪名虚实，一个人一旦被官府定罪入狱，就将终身背负耻辱，因此在古人看来，只有被血缘联系着的至近至密者，才可能探监慰问，不离不弃。造字本义：动词，探视狱中受监的家人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205616855.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205281942.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205371455.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205588040.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205337291.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205797116.png，省去正体楷书字形中的“見”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205337291.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：親，至也。从見，亲聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：亲，关系至近至密者。字形采用“见”作边旁，采用“亲”作声旁。

23近jìn近，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857517940.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857595962.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857959259.png（止，即“趾”的本字，指行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857378578.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png（在“水”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857171212.png上切入两横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857328121.png，表示渡河），表示行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857707739.png将表示渡河的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png反转成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857711306.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857668099.png将金文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857171212.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857357890.png，将金文字形中的两横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857328121.png写成一折https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857931598.png。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857430039.png将“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857357890.png（河流）误写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857211213.png，导致字形晦涩。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857283449.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png写成非“斤”非“斤”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857734585.png，将金文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857959259.png写成“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857609283.png，强调行进。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857551980.png误将籀文字形中似“斤”非“斤”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857734585.png写成“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857238387.png，并将“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857238387.png当作声旁。造字本义：动词，行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857937931.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857238387.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857906873.png，将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857916777.png写成“走字底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857114633.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：近，附也。从辵，斤聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文近。
附二白话版《说文解字》：近，攀附、亲近。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“斤”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“近”。

24臣chén“臣”是象形字，是“目”的变形。臣，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613209459.png像一只眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613742060.png向下看，表示俯首下视。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613281868.png有所变形，突出了眼珠的球状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613280586.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613754899.png淡化了“目”形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613593398.png将金文字形中的眼形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613981527.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613422609.png，更深地淡化“目”形。造字本义：动词，俯首下视，屈服听命。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613492195.png基本继承篆文字形，“目”形基本消失。附一文言版《説文解字》：臣，牽也。事君也。象屈服之形。凡臣之屬皆从臣。
附二白话版《说文解字》：臣，被牵拉。表示侍奉君王。字形像一个人屈服之形。所有与臣相关的字，都采用“臣”作边旁。

25不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁

26重zhòng東，既是声旁也是形旁，表示行囊。重，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729356425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729965062.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729469603.png（人，旅者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729514339.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729655394.png（束，是“東”的简写，行囊），表示旅人背负行囊旅行。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729410133.png将左右结构写成混合结构，像行囊https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729438520.png落在了旅人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729838636.png的脚跟位置，强调脚跟所感受到的行囊的下沉份量。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729616693.png画出了旅人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729264025.png和行囊https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729160153.png之间的背带https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729670461.png，画出了脚板https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729598655.png，强调行囊对脚板的作用力。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729721125.png基本承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729410133.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729665909.png加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729995160.png，表示背负装土的筐子，双脚感受到的负担大。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729704796.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，肩扛背驮的沉甸甸的行囊。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729485354.png将篆文字形中“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729428082.png和“東”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729591873.png构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729523001.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729967324.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729458198.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729525744.png，导致“人”形、“東”形消失。附一文言版《説文解字》：重，厚也。从壬，東聲。凡重之屬皆从重。
附二白话版《说文解字》：重，厚重。字形采用“壬”作边旁，采用“東”作声旁。所有与重相关的字，都采用“重”作边旁。

27远yuǎn袁，既是声旁也是形旁，表示衣物。遠，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065419597876.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138161465.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065434403796.gif（袁，衣物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065442504427.gif（又，抓、持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065450895619.gif（亍，即“彳”，行进），表示带上衣物行囊长途出行。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065500285092.gif将“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065434403796.gif简写成“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065533755555.gif。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065544655421.gif加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065809762312.gif（趾，脚板），并将甲骨文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065434403796.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065840727396.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065911262052.gif将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065926993117.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065934833473.gif，将金文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065840727396.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065945806756.gif。造字本义：动词，带上衣物行囊长途出行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138307354.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065934833473.gif写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138487064.png，将篆文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/25/20210125065945806756.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“远”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138127662.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png简化成“元”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138265049.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：遠，遼也。从辵，袁聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：远，辽远。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“袁”作声旁。

28臣chén“臣”是象形字，是“目”的变形。臣，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613209459.png像一只眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613742060.png向下看，表示俯首下视。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613281868.png有所变形，突出了眼珠的球状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613280586.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613754899.png淡化了“目”形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613593398.png将金文字形中的眼形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613981527.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613422609.png，更深地淡化“目”形。造字本义：动词，俯首下视，屈服听命。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613492195.png基本继承篆文字形，“目”形基本消失。附一文言版《説文解字》：臣，牽也。事君也。象屈服之形。凡臣之屬皆从臣。
附二白话版《说文解字》：臣，被牵拉。表示侍奉君王。字形像一个人屈服之形。所有与臣相关的字，都采用“臣”作边旁。

29轻qīng巠，既是声旁也是形旁，是“徑”的省略，表示便道、小道。輕，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607571687.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607583162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607231298.png（車，战车）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607611651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607604620.png（巠，即“徑”，便道、小道），表示可以在小道上运转自如的小型战车。造字本义：形容词，战车负重少、运转自如。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607168666.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607231298.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607525830.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607604620.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607897603.png。《汉字简化方案》中简体楷书“轻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607644729.png依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“車”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607525830.png简化成“车”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607534709.png，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607897603.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607834172.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：輕，輕車也。从車，巠聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：轻，轻型战车。字形采用“车”作边旁，采用“巠”作声旁。

30之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。
2.1.今天任务：
富在迎来，贫在弃时。上无常操，下多疑心。
轻上生罪，侮下无亲。近臣不重，远臣轻之。1富在迎来，贫在弃时。直译：家境宽裕，有余粮酿酒（富）有屋有地，定居生活（在）仰面上前接待，以示敬重和热情（迎）麦子从外域引进的作物（来），分割家产（贫）有屋有地，定居生活（在）将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养（弃）太阳运行的节奏，季节（时）。翻译：要想家境宽裕，有余粮酿酒就要仰面上前接待，以示敬重和热情（迎）麦子，从外域引进的作物（来）。----迎天时地利来到。）将太阳运行的节奏，季节（时）装在箕筐里送出门外，会导致分割家产（贫）。2. 上无常操，下多疑心。直译：与地相对的天（上）头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）古代长期流行的服饰（常）集体喊着口令训练或演习（操）。与天相对的地（下）一人独占双份、数份肉食。（多）在十字路口不知所往（疑）。翻译：天没有全部长期集体喊着口令训练或演习（操）。地便会在无数个十安路口不知所往。3. 轻上生罪，侮下无亲。直译：战车负重少、运转自如。（轻）与地相对的天（上）草木破土萌发（生）抓捕、惩罚犯人（罪）。欺辱妇女，以暴力做违背妇女意愿的事（侮）与天相对的地。（下）头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）探视狱中受监的家人。（亲）翻译：地小看，不重视天会破土萌发惩罚。天欺辱地，以暴力做违背地意愿的事，则会全部没有探视狱中受监的家人。（亲）。4近臣不重，远臣轻之。行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径（近）俯首下视，屈服听命（臣）不肩扛背驮的沉甸甸的行囊（重）带上衣物行囊长途出行（远）俯首下视，屈服听命（臣）战车负重少、运转自如。（轻）足履平地，徒步前往。（之）翻译：在自己身边直接管理的大臣都不给予其肩扛背驮的沉甸甸的行囊（重用），间接管理的远臣则会不能足履平地，跟随你徒步向前。简单心得：1. 富在迎来------得有观天之道的观，要迎，意思就是做好了准备就在那里恭迎天时，地利。-------明莫明于体物，先莫先于修德，长莫长于博谋。贫在弃时--------不懂得观天之道，把天时丢在门外，无法天人合发。--------短莫短于苟得。2. 上无常操------上头的领导没有长期的喊口令集中起大家一起训练或演习。--------病莫病于无常。下多疑心。--下面的职员则会在各个十字路口生出无数个疑惑，不知该如何行事，以为可以松懈在某些地方。3. 轻上生罪-----轻视上面的领导，将会被惩罚。-----短莫短于苟得。侮下无亲-----欺辱自己的手下小辈，则去丢失亲，被对方疏远，使他们在你这里亲不了。------短莫短于苟得4. 近臣不重--------对自己直接管理的手下不委以重任，------危莫危于任疑。远臣轻之-------那么自己间接管理的手下，则不会脚踏实地的跟着你前进。------危莫危于任疑。五吟诵已发群

睿涵发表于 2021-2-2 15:28:58

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-2-2 16:26 编辑

2.2.自疑不信人，自信不疑人。枉士无正友，曲上无直下。危国无贤人，乱政无善人。

一二，查字，正音。
1自zì“自”是“鼻”的本字。自，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558178546.png像人的鼻子，有鼻梁、鼻翼。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558314930.png突出鼻骨与鼻弯。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558565925.png略有变形，突出了两侧鼻翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558579239.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558718467.png将两侧鼻翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558579239.png连写成封闭的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558721829.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558656777.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558941059.png进一步失去鼻形。在向他人表达“我”的时候，人们习惯于手指本人脸部（即头部正面）的中央位置，即鼻部位置，于是“自”（即鼻子）渐渐成了第一人称。当“自”的“鼻子”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558996308.png再加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558300532.png（像蛇信，感觉器官）另造“鼻”代替，表示“鼻”的嗅觉功能。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：自，鼻也。象鼻形。凡自之屬皆从自。
附二白话版《说文解字》：自，鼻子。字形像鼻骨与鼻弯的形状。所有与自相关的字，都采用“自”作边旁。

2疑yí疑，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132630165.png像一个拄着手杖的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132732325.png发傻地张大嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132346434.png，困惑而不知所向的样子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132895615.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132918388.png（十字路口），强调在十字路口迷路含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132157147.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132494435.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（牛，可能是“屰”之误写，迎面而来的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132298322.png（困惑地张着大嘴的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132353970.png（“彳”的误写）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132198159.png（止，行进），表示迷路者向迎面而来的行人问路。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132562956.png误将金文中张大的嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132664544.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png，误将金文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132915652.png（人）写成“矢”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png，并以“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png代替“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（“屰”之误写），表示小孩迷路。造字本义：动词，在十字路口不知所往。“疑”生于对外部的无知，致知即可释疑；“惑”生于内心的混乱，心乱生于贪欲——“四十不惑”，是指人到中年后能够看清自己真正的欲求而获得明智。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132795942.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132528919.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132156734.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132356943.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132543849.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132569641.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：疑，惑也。从子止匕，矢聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：疑，迷惑而不知所从。字形采用“子、止、匕”作边旁，采用“矢”作声旁。

3不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

4信xìn“訫”是“信”的异体字。信，简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207757393.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207565978.png（人，当事人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207183107.png（口，说话），表示开口许诺。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207402302.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207819964.png（千，巨量）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207626179.png（言，说话），表示用千言万语保证。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207221930.png承续简体金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207163093.png基本承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：动词，许诺，发誓。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207846625.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207799707.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207234925.png，将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207582963.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207541736.png。金文异体字“”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104459445256.gif写成“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104506467927.gif、“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104513692888.gif会义，言心，说真心话，真诚可靠，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104513692888.gif是横写的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/8/20200408104520133568.gif。古籍多以“信”代替“訫”。附一文言版《説文解字》：信，誠也。从人，从言。會意。㐰，古文从言省。訫，古文信。
附二白话版《说文解字》：信，诚实不欺。字形采用“人、言”会义，是会义字。㐰，这是古文写法的“信”，采用有所省略的“言”作边旁。訫，这是古文写法的“信”字。

5人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

8枉wǎnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733817529.png，既是声旁也是形旁，是“狂”的省略，表示疯乱、不正常。枉，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733336521.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733782091.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733765926.png（木，树）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733581363.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733376475.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733631694.png，即“狂”，病态），表示树木颠狂，即扭曲生长。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733508471.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733376475.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733307397.png。造字本义：形容词，树枝弯曲，造型夸张，病态生长。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733441026.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733991140.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733395158.png，并省去篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733508471.png中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733247643.png，误将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733963579.png（出头的“王”）写成“王”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733342796.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：枉，衺曲也。从木，㞷聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：枉，树木苍老弯曲。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“㞷”作声旁。

9士shì士，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605872853.png像是有手柄https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605498433.png（即https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605279751.png，是“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605947695.png的变形）的宽刃战斧https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605379944.png。造字本义：名词，手持大斧作战的武夫。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605937587.png淡化斧刃、突出斧柄。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605717102.png承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605597895.png有所变形。在远古冷兵器时代，军人所使用的武器，代表其在军中的级别与地位：身在前线用小斧作战的叫“兵”；身在将帅身边使用大型战斧的高级警卫叫“士”；手持特大战斧的首领叫“王”。最早的竹制武器叫“不”；使用带刃的木制武器的首领叫“帝”；文治天下的首领叫“君”；头戴金冠的王者叫“皇”。附一文言版《説文解字》：士，事也。數始於一，終於十。从一从十。孔子曰：“推十合一爲士。”凡士之屬皆从士。
附二白话版《说文解字》：士，善于办事的人。天地之数，从一开始，到十结束。字形采用“一、十”会义。孔子说：“能推十合一、从众多事物中推演归纳出一个根本道理的人，就是高明的士。”所有与士相关的字，都采用“士”作边旁。

10无wú无，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735836604.png是指事字，字形在表示“秃头”的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png字上加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735927534.png指事符号，表示全秃，强调“兀”的程度。造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735914971.png将篆文字形中的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735676357.png。“兀”是秃顶；“无”是全秃，完全光头。附一文言版《説文解字》：無，亡也。从亡，無聲。无，奇字无，通于元者。王育说，天屈西北为无。
附二白话版《说文解字》：無，没有。字形采用“亡”作边旁，采用“無”作声旁。“无”，这是一个奇字，是“元”的撇画向上贯通而产生的奇字。王育说，天穹向西北弓屈叫作“无”。

11正zhèng“正”是“征”的本字。正，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152985815.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152472104.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152594042.png（囗，城邑、方国）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152163034.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152101674.png（止，行军），表示征伐不义之邑。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152569799.png将表示方国的方框https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152594042.png写成实心点的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152130816.png，写成指事字。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152495062.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152997789.png将指事符号由实心点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152130816.png改写成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152414433.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152283545.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，行军征战，讨伐不义之地。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152570162.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152443118.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152612154.png。当“正”的“征战”本义消失后，甲骨文再加“彳”（行）另造“征”代替。古人称不义的侵略为“各”，称仗义的讨伐为“正”。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152652591.png附一文言版《説文解字》：正，是也。从止，一以止。凡正之屬皆从正。㱏，古文正。从二；二，古上字。data:image/png;base64,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，古文正。从一、足；足亦止也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：正，纠正，使恰当。字形采用“止”作字根，指事符号“一”表示阻止错误。所有与正相关的字，都采用“正”作边旁。㱏，这是古文写法的“正”字，采用“二、止”会义，二，表示上苍。data:image/png;base64,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，这也是古文写法的“正”字，采用“一、足”会义，足，也是“止”的意思。

12友yǒu又，既是声旁也是形旁，表示抓握。友，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634990534.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634172678.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634403086.png（又，抓握）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634693174.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634403086.png（又，抓握），表示握手结交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634350803.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634826463.png加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634590114.png（说），强调相互协商、鼓励。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634148799.png基本承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，两人结交，协力互助。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634745536.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634212328.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634413048.png。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634216078.png将隶书字形中的的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634413048.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634279201.png。双手配合为“友”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634990534.png，三（多）手配合为“协”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634793206.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：友，同志爲友。从二又。相交友也。data:image/png;base64,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，古文友。習，亦古文友。
附二白话版《说文解字》：友，志趣相投叫作“友”。字形采用两个“又”会义，像两人交手相握，彼此友好。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“友”。習，这也是古文写法的“友”。

13曲qǔ曲，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/8/20210108110759522854.gif是象形字，字形像一截竹子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402666582.png被揉折成直角。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402649533.png承续甲骨文字形。将竹子烧烤到发软，就可以用外力将竹子揉折出不同角度。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402137064.png像一截竹子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402247918.png被揉成“∪”形。造字本义：动词，揉折竹子。隶书“曲”误将篆文字形中“∪”形的竹管https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402137064.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402731343.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：曲，象器曲受物之形。或說曲，蠶薄也。凡曲之屬皆从曲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：曲，像器具凹曲以承载物品的形状。有的解释说，“曲”，是养蚕薄。所有与曲相关的字，都采用“曲”作边旁。

14上shàng“上”是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，底端一横较长，顶端的一横较短。古人用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140811157.png代表混沌太初状态；用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140414725.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140414725.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140759082.png将表示“天”的北端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的南端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140707827.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140283386.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140506374.png之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140180668.png，以显示纵的方向。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140374061.png省去短横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140224294.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与地相对的天。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140518214.png承续金文字形。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。

16直zhí直，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715577665.png是指事字，字形在眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715633413.png上加一竖线指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715343515.png，表示目光向正前方看。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715544474.png误将短竖线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715343515.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715314317.png，并加一曲形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715233475.png，表示去曲求正。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715676881.png在“直”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715463543.png的字形上加“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715229898.png，表示木匠眯眼看木料，以便消除凸曲部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715836356.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，正视，面对而不回避。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715131839.png将转曲形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715797880.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715472686.png。当“直”的“正视前方”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“值”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：直，正見也。从∟，从十，从目。data:image/png;base64,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，古文直。
附二白话版《说文解字》：直，正视。字形采用“∟、十、目”会义。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA8AAAARAQMAAAA4xGTiAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo3MjVCNDdCM0Y3Q0ExMUU5OUM2OENFMjA4MDdGMEMxQyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo3MjVCNDdCNEY3Q0ExMUU5OUM2OENFMjA4MDdGMDFDIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NzI1QjQ3QjFGN0NBMTFFOTk2OENFMjA4MDdGMEMxQyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo3MjVCNDdCMkY3Q0ExMUU5OUM2OENFMjA4N0YwQzFDIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtdGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAwT0fcAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAADFJREFUGNNj+PePAQj+/2M4wMZwexvD9WsMN8xADCACigBlIQp+7WP4do/h3TuGeZ8AR0sX5OCaW/IAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，是古文写法的“直”

17下xià下”是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，顶端一横较长，底端的一横较短。古人用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png代表混沌太初状态；用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230147841.png将表示“天”的北端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的南端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png承续甲骨文字形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230978137.png，以显示纵的方向。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230924770.png省去短横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230842678.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与天相对的地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230635098.png承续金文字形。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAANAQMAAABFOwZ4AAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpCNDM4QTkwQjAzQ0IxMUU5OTY5RUQxMTNDNjdCOTQ5MCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpCNDM4QTkwQzAzQ0IxMUU5OTY5RUQxMTNDNjdCOTkwIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QjQ4QTkwOTAzQ0IxMUU5OTY5RUQxMTNDNjdCOTQ5MCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG0uZGlkOkI0MzhBOTBBMDNDQjExRTk5NjlFRDExM0M2N0I5NDkwIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz7+vn49vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBALfRhPQAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAQSURBVBjTY2BgYPj9gCACAJGgFkW7aVFbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC，底也。指事。下，篆文data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底部。“下”是指事字。下，篆文写作“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAANAQMAAABFOwZ4AAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpCNDM4QTkwQjAzQ0IxMUU5OTY5RUQxMTNDNjdCOTQ5MCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpCNDM4QTkwQzAzQ0IxMUU5OTY5RUQxMTNDNjdCOTkwIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QjQ4QTkwOTAzQ0IxMUU5OTY5RUQxMTNDNjdCOTQ5MCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG0uZGlkOkI0MzhBOTBBMDNDQjExRTk5NjlFRDExM0M2N0I5NDkwIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz7+vn49vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBALfRhPQAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAQSURBVBjTY2BgYPj9gCACAJGgFkW7aVFbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC”。

18危wēi危，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903394337.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903487843.png（像悬崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png（像坠石），表示悬崖坠石。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903819604.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903308619.png将坠石形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png繁化为https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903810755.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903505565.png。金文另造会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903556989.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903325061.png（人，……）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903372949.png（厂，崖岩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903920079.png（巳，即“人”的变形），表示人在崖顶，担心坠崖；人在崖下，担心坠石。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903511445.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903912103.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903984541.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903681086.png；将篆文字形中的“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903132745.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903684129.png；将篆文字形中的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903446809.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903301155.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：危，在高而懼也。从厃，自卪止之。凡危之屬皆从危。
附二白话版《说文解字》：危，人在高处而恐惧。字形采用“厃”作边旁，表示自卪履高而止。所有与危相关的字，都采用“危”作边旁。

19国guó“或”是“國”和“域”的本字。“国”和“囯”是“國”的异体字。囗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“郭”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527544431.png的省略，表示外围护墙上有武力守卫的城邑https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527975326.png。或，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527910274.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527616860.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527677966.png（戈，军事武力）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527601826.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527110410.png（囗，即“郭”的省略，城邑），表示有武力护卫的城邑、疆域。当“或”的“城邑、疆域”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527887890.png在城邑“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527772996.png四周加边界指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527946159.png，表示四周有明确军事边界的武力领地。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527607429.png用“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527401674.png（城郭，武力守卫的护墙）代替表示边界的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527946159.png另造“國”代替，表示古代诸侯封地而建的、有武力守卫的相对独立的城邦。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527982649.png承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527696109.png、楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527105489.png承续篆文字形。北齐的俗体楷书“国”另造会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527925464.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527616860.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527240535.png（囗，城郭）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527601826.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527856313.png（“王”字加一点指事符号，代表最高统治者），表示帝王统治的领地。造字本义：名词，武力守卫的一方独立疆域，有独立军政体系的主权社会。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“国”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527851829.png采用北齐时代俗体楷书字形。古籍多以“國”合并代替“国”和“囯”。《汉字简化方案》用“国”合并代替“國”和“囯”。附一文言版《説文解字》：國，邦也。从囗，从或。
附二白话版《说文解字》：国，诸候受封之地。字形采用“囗、或”会义。　

20贤xián“臤”是“賢”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122793432.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，掌握、管理），表示有管理才能的官吏。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122375213.png承续甲骨文字形。当“臤”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122380835.png再加“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122536284.png（宝贵）另造“賢”代替，表示宝贵的、难得的人才。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122222480.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。古人称男子善于管理组织为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122324165.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122546854.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122544691.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122931000.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122747749.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122560252.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：賢，多才也。从貝，臤聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贤，多才多能。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臤”作声旁。

21乱luànhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png，既是声旁也是形旁，金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734410846.png像纺织者手工https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734898356.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734977974.png整理纺织机https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734777355.png上散乱或混杂无序的丝线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734296907.png，使丝线条理有序，便于纺织。亂，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734971218.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734321764.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png，手工整理织机上混杂无序的丝线）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734749129.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734345965.png（乙，织机上的丝线），表示织机上的丝线混杂无序。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734619456.png将金文字形的左右结构调整成上中下结构。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734635507.png将金文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png。造字本义：形容词，织机上的丝线混杂无序。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734647048.png将篆文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png，将篆文字形中的“乙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734706898.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734245274.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734904614.png依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734622467.png，用“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”（正体楷书省略“舌”而写作“辭”；俗体楷书省略“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png”而写作“辞”）省略成的“舌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734835707.png代替正体楷书字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png。古籍中，“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734578600.png”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734849481.png”，后来多由“治”合并代替；“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”后来多由“辭”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：亂，治也。从乙，乙，治之也；从data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：乱，理清杂丝。字形采用“乙”作边旁，“乙”表示理清纷杂的丝绪。字形也采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁。

22政zhèng正，既是声旁也是形旁，是“征”的本字，表示出兵讨伐不义之地。政，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644311541.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644459185.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644587139.png（正，征伐不义之地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644168907.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644674713.png（攴，持械攻击），表示武力征服。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644768084.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644356337.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，武力征服并用暴力统治。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644693492.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644209458.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644352083.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644358308.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644129426.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：政，正也。从攴，从正，正亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：政，以强力施行正义。字形采用“攴、正”会义，“正”也是声旁。

23善shàn羊，既是声旁也是形旁，通“祥”。善，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611892308.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611706943.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png（双目，眼睛），表示眼神安祥温和，所谓“慈眉善目”。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611771717.png双眼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611111458.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611742560.png将一双眼睛写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611879022.png将一双眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png省略成一只眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611696554.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611156573.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611922193.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611730736.png（两个“言”），表示言语祥和亲切。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611774110.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，神态安祥，言语亲和。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611832494.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611807404.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611940856.png，将篆文字形中的两个“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611728701.png写成“卄”加“口”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611576006.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：善，吉也。从誩，从羊。此與義美同意。
附二白话版《说文解字》：善，吉祥。字形采用“誩、羊”会义。“善”这个字，与“義”（义）、“美”同义。2.2.自疑不信人，自信不疑人。枉士无正友，曲上无直下。危国无贤人，乱政无善人。 1自疑不信人，自信不疑人。-----危莫危于任疑。直译：鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官(自）在十字路口不知所往。（疑）不许诺，发誓（信）躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。（人）鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官(自）许诺，发誓（信）不在十字路口不知所往。（疑）躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。（人）翻译：自己在选人时就有些十字路口不知所往也不会信自己任用的人。自己选择要任用的人时很自信则不会怀疑自己委以重任的人。 2. 枉士无正友，曲上无直下。--幽莫幽于贪鄙。树枝弯曲，造型夸张，病态生长。（枉）手持大斧作战的武夫。（士）头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）行军征战，讨伐不义之地（正）两人结交，协力互助（友）揉折竹子（曲）与地相对的天（上）头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）正视，面对而不回避。（直）与天相对的地。（下）翻译：树枝弯曲，病态生长的武夫不会有行军征战，讨伐不义之地与其结交协力互助的好友。揉折成弯曲样的上司（父母），不会有正视面对回避的手下（孩子） 3. 危国无贤人，乱政无善人。---幽莫幽于贪鄙人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。（危）武力守卫的一方独立疆域，有独立军政体系的主权社会。（国）头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。（贤）人），织机上的丝线混杂无序。（乱）武力征服并用暴力统治。（政）头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）神态安祥，言语亲和。（善）人。翻译：在高崖摇摇欲坠的国家不会有具备出众的管理及执行才能的大臣。像织机上的丝线混杂无序般的武力征服并用暴力统治的国家不会出现神态安祥，言语亲和（善）的人。简单心得：自疑不信人，自信不疑人。---危莫危于任疑。枉士无正友，曲上无直下。---幽莫幽于贪鄙。危国无贤人，乱政无善人。---幽莫幽于贪鄙。孩子们在选择结婚对象时一定要看好这个家从上到下是什么样子的。因为枉士无正友，曲上无直下，看好对象的爸爸，妈妈的样子就等于是放下一半的心。看清这个家的运行体系正不正，就等于看到以后如果成家后的样子。用心选择，而不是凭对方对我好就可以了
五吟诵已经完成。

睿涵发表于 2021-2-3 19:14:41

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-2-3 23:38 编辑

今天任务：
爱人深者求贤急，乐得贤者养人厚。国将霸者士皆归，邦将亡者贤先避。1爱ài“爱”是“愛”的本字。爱，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209171809.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209891439.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209671131.png（欠，一个人张着嘴巴，表示呵气、或喃喃倾诉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209870725.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209189877.png（心，同情、疼惜），表示疼惜、呵护，倾诉柔情。简体篆文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209301096.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209658108.png将金文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209671131.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209169825.png。繁体篆文“愛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209962509.png再加“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209207160.png（倒写的“止”，行进），表示因疼惜对方而奔波。造字本义：动词，用心疼惜呵护，喃喃倾诉柔情，为之奔波辛劳。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209422355.png将篆文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209965569.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209279625.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209208583.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209940259.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209207160.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209865275.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“爱”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209869462.png，采用行书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209557821.png，行书字形依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209584737.png将正体楷书字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209940259.png和“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209865275.png简化成“友”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209732897.png。楷书由“愛”简写成“爱”，不仅导致金文字形中的“欠”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209671131.png（温柔的呢喃）消失，连正体楷书字形中的“心”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105209940259.png也消失。
附一文言版《説文解字》：愛，行皃。从夊，㤅聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：爱，行走的样子。字形采用“夊”作边旁，采用“㤅”作声旁。

2人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。
附一文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

3深shēn罙，既是声旁也是形旁，是“探”的本字，表示伸手探穴。深，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536873604.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536726010.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536475307.png（水，潭）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536284386.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536244705.png（罙，即“探”，伸手探洞），表示探测潭底。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536517464.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，伸手或用工具探测潭底。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536258630.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536627268.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536765767.png，并误将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536954111.png写成“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536866898.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：深，水。出桂陽南平，西入營道。从水，罙聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：深，河川。源出桂阳南平，向西流入营道。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“罙”作声旁。

4者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

5求qiú“求”是“裘”和“俅”的本字。又，既是声旁也是形旁，表示抓、揪。求，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313011941425072.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446227391.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313011948456923.gif（十，即“又”的变形，用手抓、揪）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446163431.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313011954813325.gif（倒写的“毛”，借代毛皮大衣），表示手抓毛皮大衣，即穿着毛皮大衣。在生存环境恶劣的远古冬季，毛皮外衣是日常生活最重要的必须品，它对于抵御寒冷、维持生存意义重大。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446593711.png将甲骨文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313011948456923.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313012550795850.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313012704301408.gif将金文字形中倒写的“毛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446445647.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313012732758413.gif。造字本义：动词，穿上毛皮外衣。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313012920348262.gif将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313013009983479.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313013040555217.gif，将篆文字形中倒写的“毛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313012732758413.gif写成“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/13/20200313013032194257.gif。当“求”引申出名词“毛皮外衣”之后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316103341157734.gif再加“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316103350119828.gif另造“裘”代替，表示穿上毛皮外衣。当“裘”再次引成名词“毛皮外衣”之后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/6/20201106021211416378.gif用“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/6/20201106021240848995.gif代替“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316103350119828.gif另造“俅”代替，表示人类穿戴皮制衣帽的保暖行为。
附一文言版《説文解字》：裘，皮衣也……求，古文省衣。
附二白话版《说文解字》：裘，兽皮制的保暖外衣……求，这是古文写法的“裘”字，字形省略了“衣”。

6贤xián“臤”是“賢”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122793432.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，掌握、管理），表示有管理才能的官吏。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122375213.png承续甲骨文字形。当“臤”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122380835.png再加“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122536284.png（宝贵）另造“賢”代替，表示宝贵的、难得的人才。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122222480.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。古人称男子善于管理组织为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122324165.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122546854.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122544691.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122931000.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122747749.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122560252.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：賢，多才也。从貝，臤聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贤，多才多能。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臤”作声旁

7急jí及，既是声旁也是形旁，表示追赶、捉拿人犯。急，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831552103.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831388609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831796489.png（及，抓人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831577522.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831467782.png（心，情绪），表示被人追逼的感觉。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831209567.png将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831467782.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831155834.png。造字本义：形容词，内心感到被追逼，感到紧张焦虑。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831775028.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831556891.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831482590.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831155834.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831776274.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：急，褊也。从心，及聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：急，偏狭的心态。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“及”作声旁。

8乐lè曰，既是声旁也是形旁，表示说唱、倾诉。樂，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115141049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115856618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115896719.png（丝，丝弦）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115708577.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115774991.png（木，架子，琴枕），字形像木枕上系着丝弦的琴具。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115598282.png承续甲骨文字形。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115822398.png加”白“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115752834.png（说唱、抒情），强调伴随着丝弦的演奏歌唱抒情。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115474636.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，边弹边唱，和着琴声的节奏歌唱。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115550918.png将篆文字形中的“丝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115641177.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115772742.png，将篆文字形中的“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115267348.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115677157.png，将篆文字形中的“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115940355.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115997696.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“乐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115539401.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115643630.png整体简化。
附一文言版《説文解字》：樂，五聲八音緫名。象鼓鞞。木，虡也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：乐，五声八音的总称。data:image/png;base64,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，像鼓鞞的样子。木，表示鼓鞞的支架。

9得dé得，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836957414.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836359904.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836699801.png（手，拾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836929251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836378452.png（贝，最原始货币），表示拾贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836461451.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836135386.png（行进），表示古代中原人长途跋涉到湖海之滨寻觅和拾捡贝壳。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836112131.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836775386.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836675991.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png，同时误将籀文字形中的的“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836244183.png写成“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836499763.png。造字本义：动词，捡到贝壳，喜获财富。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836567423.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836158708.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836786586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836802651.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：得，行有所得也。从彳，㝵聲。䙷，古文省彳。
附二白话版《说文解字》：得，远行探索而有所获。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“㝵”作声旁。䙷，这是古文写法的“得”字，省略了“彳”

10贤xián“臤”是“賢”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122793432.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，掌握、管理），表示有管理才能的官吏。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122375213.png承续甲骨文字形。当“臤”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122380835.png再加“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122536284.png（宝贵）另造“賢”代替，表示宝贵的、难得的人才。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122222480.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。古人称男子善于管理组织为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122324165.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122546854.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122544691.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122931000.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122747749.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122560252.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：賢，多才也。从貝，臤聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贤，多才多能。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臤”作声旁。

11养yǎng羊，既是声旁也是形旁，表示羊群。養，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609570611.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609529412.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609377182.png（羊，头上长角、温顺吉祥的食草动物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609911145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609310849.png（攴，手持鞭子），表示在山地驱赶羊群。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609560431.png承续甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609643073.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609644335.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609575628.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609955034.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609182343.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609320981.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609529412.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609204366.png（羊，头上长角、温顺吉祥的食草动物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609911145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609605719.png（食，喂饲料），表示圈羊喂草。造字本义：动词，放牧羊群。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609375897.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609204366.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609166215.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609605719.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609888699.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“养”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609559153.png，依据狂草字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609786850.png中“食”字下部的“良”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609735770.png，将正体楷书字形中的“良”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609221329.png局部简化成两点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609431825.png，将正体楷书字形中的“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609888699.png简化成“介”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609719749.png。古代称放牛为“牧”，称放羊为“养”。后来“养”专指圈喂家畜家禽。
附一文言版《説文解字》：養，供養也。从食，羊聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：养，供养。字形采用“食”作边旁，采用“羊”作声旁

12厚hòu厚，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905977682.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032420599330.gif（厂，岩石、山陵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905427494.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif（是的倒写“享”，即倒写的享堂，借代阴间的祭殿、墓室），表示辟山为穴，凿陵为墓，建造地下的享堂；其中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif是“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116045305404912.gif的倒写，倒写的“享”，表示与地面上阳间享堂相反的地下阴间享堂。古代帝王在山陵的巨大岩体内开凿陵墓，以求地业千秋永恒，灵魂万世安宁。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032509595153.gif将甲骨文字形中倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032731460447.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032754906054.gif，享堂的屋顶形象消失。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032803548429.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032844293468.gif金文字形中由倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif写成“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAPAQMAAAAI86dzAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBQUIyNTEyMzlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyNDlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRjhBIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QUFCMjUxMjE5RTYxMTFFOTk5MkRFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyMkU2MTExRTk5OTIwREVGRTRDM0NGRThBIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OLh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAJnUVygAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNjaFBg2L+AAU7+f8Dg4MAQ7wAi6w8wAMHvB1D0+QEASRkQwDJLU1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif，字形有似倒写的“宫”。造字本义：名词，在巨大山陵岩体里开凿的帝王陵寝，即“陵墓”，也叫“地宫”；陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品，此即古代所谓的“厚葬”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif误将篆文字形中与倒写的“宫”相似的“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif写成“㫗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032937103794.gif，字形由甲骨文字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gif演变成楷书字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif，可谓面目全非。
附一文言版《説文解字》：厚，山陵之厚也。从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAPAQMAAAAI86dzAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBQUIyNTEyMzlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyNDlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRjhBIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QUFCMjUxMjE5RTYxMTFFOTk5MkRFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyMkU2MTExRTk5OTIwREVGRTRDM0NGRThBIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OLh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAJnUVygAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNjaFBg2L+AAU7+f8Dg4MAQ7wAi6w8wAMHvB1D0+QEASRkQwDJLU1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，从厂。垕，古文厚，从后、土。
附二白话版《说文解字》：厚，山陵之中的厚葬。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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、厂”会义。“垕”，是古文写法的“厚”字，采用“后、土”会义。

13国guó“或”是“國”和“域”的本字。“国”和“囯”是“國”的异体字。囗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“郭”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527544431.png的省略，表示外围护墙上有武力守卫的城邑https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527975326.png。或，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527910274.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527616860.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527677966.png（戈，军事武力）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527601826.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527110410.png（囗，即“郭”的省略，城邑），表示有武力护卫的城邑、疆域。当“或”的“城邑、疆域”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527887890.png在城邑“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527772996.png四周加边界指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527946159.png，表示四周有明确军事边界的武力领地。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527607429.png用“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527401674.png（城郭，武力守卫的护墙）代替表示边界的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527946159.png另造“國”代替，表示古代诸侯封地而建的、有武力守卫的相对独立的城邦。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527982649.png承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527696109.png、楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527105489.png承续篆文字形。北齐的俗体楷书“国”另造会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527925464.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527616860.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527240535.png（囗，城郭）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527601826.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527856313.png（“王”字加一点指事符号，代表最高统治者），表示帝王统治的领地。造字本义：名词，武力守卫的一方独立疆域，有独立军政体系的主权社会。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“国”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527851829.png采用北齐时代俗体楷书字形。古籍多以“國”合并代替“国”和“囯”。《汉字简化方案》用“国”合并代替“國”和“囯”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：國，邦也。从囗，从或。
附二白话版《说文解字》：国，诸候受封之地。字形采用“囗、或”会义。　

14将jiāng“将”与“酱”同源，后分化。爿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示卧床。将，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950193880.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950675554.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950939467.png（爿，卧床）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950681926.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950825570.png（两个“又”，两只手），表示双手忙碌，照顾卧床的老弱病伤者。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950535339.png省去双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950681926.png，将甲骨文字形中的“爿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950939467.png（床）写成“疒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950320987.png，并加“酉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950299838.png（酒），表示用美酒侍候“病人”。诅楚文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950753394.png在甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950193880.png基础上加“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950562142.png（肉），表示用香肉等高级食物侍候“病人”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950848739.png基本承续诅楚文字形。造字本义：动词，用酒肉美食侍候卧床的老弱病伤者。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950846883.png继承篆文字形。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“将”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950107623.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950342697.png，将正体楷书的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950999081.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950482568.png，将正体楷书的“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950376920.png写成“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950837920.png。当“将”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950193880.png的本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950259267.png再加“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950833242.png（肉食）、加“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950997332.png（盛器）另造“酱”代替，表示放在盛器里的豆麦等食物加肉加酒后发酵成的糊状营养食品。
附一文言版《説文解字》：將，帥也。从寸，酱省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：将，军队最高统帅。字形采用“寸”作边旁，采用省略了“酉”的“酱”作声旁。

15霸bà霸，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726703525.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726751094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726336232.png（字形与“束”相似，表示束缚、制约）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726558622.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726543440.png（月，月光），表示月亮被云层束缚。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726462944.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726751094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726650525.png（雨，“雲”的省略）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726558622.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726292048.png（束，控制、束缚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726558622.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726352818.png（月，月光），强调云层遮挡月光。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726860387.png将形似“束”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726292048.png写成“束”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726353422.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726719833.png误将“束”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726292048.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726353422.png写成“革”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726379124.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726637031.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，云层密布整个夜空，完全遮挡月光。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726169371.png将篆文字形中的“革”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726791833.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726429607.png，将篆文字形中的“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726166834.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726567673.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：霸，月始生，霸然也，承大月二日，承小月三日。从月，data:image/png;base64,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聲。《周書》曰：“哉生霸。” data:image/png;base64,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，古文霸。
附二白话版《说文解字》：霸，新月初生，天空被云层完全霸占的样子。如果上承的是大月，初二出现霸象；如果上承的是小月，则在初三出现霸象。字形采用“月”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。《周书》上说：“月亮开始出现霸象了。” data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“霸”字。

16士shì士，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605872853.png像是有手柄https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605498433.png（即https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605279751.png，是“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605947695.png的变形）的宽刃战斧https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605379944.png。造字本义：名词，手持大斧作战的武夫。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605937587.png淡化斧刃、突出斧柄。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605717102.png承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605597895.png有所变形。在远古冷兵器时代，军人所使用的武器，代表其在军中的级别与地位：身在前线用小斧作战的叫“兵”；身在将帅身边使用大型战斧的高级警卫叫“士”；手持特大战斧的首领叫“王”。最早的竹制武器叫“不”；使用带刃的木制武器的首领叫“帝”；文治天下的首领叫“君”；头戴金冠的王者叫“皇”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：士，事也。數始於一，終於十。从一从十。孔子曰：“推十合一爲士。”凡士之屬皆从士。
附二白话版《说文解字》：士，善于办事的人。天地之数，从一开始，到十结束。字形采用“一、十”会义。孔子说：“能推十合一、从众多事物中推演归纳出一个根本道理的人，就是高明的士。”所有与士相关的字，都采用“士”作边旁。

17皆jiē“皆”是“谐”的本字。皆，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200756124.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200782230.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200707001.png（比，两人一起）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200193332.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200282889.png（曰，言说）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200806412.png将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200282889.png改成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200710322.png（说明）。造字本义：动词，异口同声。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200566619.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200301476.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200658803.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200710322.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200654800.png。当“皆”的“异口同声”本义消失后，篆文再加“言”另造“谐”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：皆，俱詞也。从比，从白。
附二白话版《说文解字》：皆，口径一致。字形采用“比、白”会义。

18归guī歸，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927276753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927752296.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927194280.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927908947.png，兵符，代表中央朝廷授权的军政权力）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927898474.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927307061.png（方，方国、边境势力），表示边境方国依附中央，获得中央的军政授权。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927504029.png将“方”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927307061.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927990733.png，并加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927293013.png（终结、停止），表示停止与中央朝廷的对抗。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927580185.png将“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927293013.png写成似“爪”又似“帚”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927755160.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927408486.png误将本为“止”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927755160.png与“方”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927997694.png所组成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927287765.png，混写成了“帚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927275625.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927840889.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927360308.png加“行”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927155249.png，表示与中央朝廷保持来往。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927349053.png加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927823886.png（讲和），表示讲和调停。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927333814.png加“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927577160.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927701075.png误将金文字形中的兵符“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927908947.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927647913.png和“行”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927286033.png的上半部，合写成“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927716016.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927760376.png。造字本义：动词，边境方国顺服中央朝廷，获得军政授权。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927200686.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927129390.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927547360.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927925672.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927824826.png。楷书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927425193.png将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927547360.png略写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927504972.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“归”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927135239.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927873688.png整体简化，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927547360.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927523708.png，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927824826.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927187977.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：歸，女嫁也。从止，从婦省，data:image/gif;base64,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聲。http://www.vividict.com/UserFiles/Image/==CF--wuli==/--CF6--qi(zu)--new%20new/016gui/93zaozi00.gif，籒文省。　
附二白话版《说文解字》：归，女子出嫁。字形采用“止”和“帚”作边旁，采用“data:image/gif;base64,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”作声旁。http://www.vividict.com/UserFiles/Image/==CF--wuli==/--CF6--qi(zu)--new%20new/016gui/93zaozi00.gif，这是籀文写法的“歸”字，省去了“data:image/gif;base64,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”。

19邦bāng丰，既是声旁也是形旁，是“封”的本字，表示封地而建。邦，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814755086.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814351753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814711790.png（丰，即“封”，封建）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814459135.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814319809.png（田，即“界”，指边境），表示封建地界。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814187030.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814351753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814202921.png（丰，封建）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814459135.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814398632.png（邑，城邑），表示拥兵自重、有明确领地归属的封建城邑。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814764373.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，在封地四周种上了草木以示领地界线的诸侯国。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814777902.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814413923.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814504091.png，将篆文字形中的“邑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814503348.png写成“双耳旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814743649.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：邦，國也。从邑，丰聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文邦。
附二白话版《说文解字》：邦，诸侯封国。字形采用“邑”作边旁，采用“丰”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“邦”字。

20亡wáng亡，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606141039.png是指事字，字形在“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606695195.png的手部位置加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606309304.png，表示手持盾、甲之类的护具作掩护。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606183665.png将误将反写的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606159638.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606846935.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606413676.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606159638.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606253329.png，将甲骨文字形中表示盾甲的一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606309304.png写成折笔的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606433688.png，强调盾甲的抵挡、护卫作用。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606373549.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，战败的士兵手举盾甲逃命。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606729795.png承续篆文字形。晚期隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606501491.png变形，将“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606660658.png写成一点一横的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606705103.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：亡，逃也。从入，从∟。凡亡之屬皆从亡。
附二白话版《说文解字》：亡，逃跑。字形采用“入、∟”会义。所有与亡相关的字，都采用“亡”作边旁。

21贤xián“臤”是“賢”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122793432.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，掌握、管理），表示有管理才能的官吏。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122375213.png承续甲骨文字形。当“臤”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122380835.png再加“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122536284.png（宝贵）另造“賢”代替，表示宝贵的、难得的人才。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122222480.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。古人称男子善于管理组织为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122324165.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122546854.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122544691.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122931000.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122747749.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122560252.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：賢，多才也。从貝，臤聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贤，多才多能。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臤”作声旁。

22先xiān“先”是“兟”的本字。千，既是声旁也是形旁，是“迁”的本字，表示移动。先，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128355094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128263065.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128596674.png（之，即“趾”，借代腿脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128370204.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128427827.png（人，是“千”的省略，亦即“迁”的省略，移动），表示抢在他人之前到达。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128918239.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128293248.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，抢在他人之前到达。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128365909.png将篆文字形中的“之”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128136228.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128589016.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128512674.png写成“儿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128456593.png。古籍多以“先”代替“兟”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：先，前進也。从儿，从之。凡先之屬皆从先。
附二白话版《说文解字》：先，前进。字形采用“儿、之”会义。所有与先相关的字，都采用“先”作边旁。

23避bì辟，既是声旁也是形旁，表示杀头。避，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817182609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817483628.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817865376.png（彳，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817269565.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817835770.png（辟，杀头），表示为躲死难而逃亡。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817685182.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817151406.png将金文字形中的“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817162586.png写成“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817886187.png。造字本义：动词，为躲刑戳或战乱而逃离是非之地。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817157037.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817886187.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817793269.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817513240.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817574212.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：避，回也。从辵，辟聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：避，迂迴绕开。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“辟”作声旁。三
2.3.今天任务：在心得中回顾整理概括下本章前面的内容
爱人深者求贤急，乐得贤者养人厚。国将霸者士皆归，邦将亡者贤先避。1. 爱人深者求贤急，乐得贤者养人厚。用心疼惜呵护，喃喃倾诉柔情，为之奔波辛劳（爱）躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物（人）伸手或用工具探测潭底（深）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）穿上毛皮外衣（求）具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣（贤）内心感到被追逼，感到紧张焦虑。（急）。边弹边唱，和着琴声的节奏歌唱（乐）捡到贝壳，喜获财富。（得）具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。（贤）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）放牧羊群（养）人在巨大山陵岩体里开凿的帝王陵寝，即“陵墓”，也叫“地宫”；陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品，此即古代所谓的“厚葬”。（厚）翻译：用心疼呵护倾诉柔情，为之奔波辛劳臣民很深的明君求具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣的心感到紧张焦虑，被追逼的感觉。和着琴声的节奏歌唱喜获具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣的明君放牧羊群似的养护百姓，使百姓的生活兴旺。 2. 国将霸者士皆归，邦将亡者贤先避。武力守卫的一方独立疆域，有独立军政体系的主权社会。（国）用酒肉美食侍候卧床的老弱病伤者。（将）云层密布整个夜空，完全遮挡月光。（霸）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）手持大斧作战的武夫。（士）异口同声。（皆）边境方国顺服中央朝廷，获得军政授权。（归），在封地四周种上了草木以示领地界线的诸侯国。（邦）用酒肉美食侍候卧床的老弱病伤者。（将）战败的士兵手举盾甲逃命（亡）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣（贤）抢在他人之前到达。（先）为躲刑戳或战乱而逃离是非之地。（避）翻译：国家强能人贤士异口同声全部都会顺服国家。国家快亡了，具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣抢在他人之前逃离是非之地另投明主。简单心得：怨在不舍小过，患在不预定谋。--------长莫长于博谋，苦莫苦于多愿。（多私）福在积善，祸在积恶。--------乐莫乐于好善，短莫短于苟得。饥在贱农，寒在堕织。---------神莫神于至诚，幽莫幽于贪鄙。安在得人，危在失事。-------安莫安于忍辱，悲莫悲于心散。福在迎来，贫在弃时----------明莫明于体物，孤莫孤于自恃。上无常操，下多疑心。---------危莫危于任疑。轻上生罪，侮下无亲。------先莫先于修德，病莫病于无常。近臣不重，远臣轻之。--------先莫先于修德，病莫病于无常。自疑不信人，自信不疑人。---------吉莫吉于知足，危莫危于任疑。枉士无正友，曲上无直下。-------幽莫幽于贪鄙。危国无贤人，乱政无善人。-------幽莫幽于贪鄙爱人深者求贤急，乐得贤者养人厚。-----先莫先于修德，神莫神于至诚。国将霸者士皆归，邦将亡者贤先避。-------先莫先于修德，病莫病于无常。五吟诵已经发群里面。

睿涵发表于 2021-2-4 11:46:30

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-2-4 15:07 编辑

今天任务：
地薄者大物不产，水浅者大鱼不游，树秃者大禽不栖，林疏者大兽不居。
山峭者崩，泽满者溢。弃玉取石者盲，羊质虎皮者柔。

1地dì地，金文字形与“坠”同源。地，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205214192.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205470965.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205446682.png（阜，用于抛葬的山崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205293571.png（倒写的“人”，被抛葬的死者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205416628.png（被捆绑的“人”，表示包裹尸体）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205565841.png（又，抓持，抛掷）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205426495.png（土，深坑），表示远古时代用于抛葬的深谷深坑。客家方言至今仍称“墓”为“地”，称“扫墓”为“告地”。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205244783.png误将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205919792.png写成“彖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205806025.png（猪）。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205881374.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205470965.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205866942.png（山，山岩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205401403.png（水，水泽）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205790851.png（土，土壤），表示由山水田园构成的广大空间。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205985064.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205470965.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205426495.png（土，墓穴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205977865.png（也，即“它”，虫蛇），表示虫蛇赖以穴居的墓穴。造字本义：名词，从抛葬到土葬过渡的远古时代的简单墓穴。晚期隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205199335.png将早期隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205829806.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205873587.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：地，元气初分，輕清陽爲天，重濁陰爲地。萬物所陳列也。从土，也聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：地，宇宙间浑沌的元气初分之时，轻清的阳气上升为天，重浊的阴气下沉为地。地是万物陈列的所在。字形采用“土”作边旁，采用“也”作声旁。

2薄bó溥，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水大、四处漫延。薄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905475695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905774574.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png（艸，野草）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905156146.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905163069.png（溥，漫延），表示草丛漫延生长。造字本义：名词，漫延生长的草丛。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905899606.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905319343.png，将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905628186.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905165751.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：薄，林薄也。一曰蠶薄。从艸，溥聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：薄，林中草木丛生。一种说法认为“薄”是蠶薄。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“溥”作声旁。

3者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

4大dà大，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943987128.png像张开双臂双腿、顶天立地的成年人。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943518908.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943508805.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，顶天立地的成年人。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943618044.png失去手形。在远古时代，人的体格出众被等同于能力出众，因此称能医病、能治邦的人为“大（念dài）夫”。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943567082.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943199943.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943339734.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943508805.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943319372.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：大，天大，地大，人亦大。故大象人形。古文才也。凡大之屬皆从大。
附二白话版《说文解字》：大，天大，地大，人也大。所以“大”字像人的形象。大，这也是古文写法的“才”字。所有与大相关的字，都采用“大”作边旁。

5物wù勿，既是声旁也是形旁，是“刎”的本字，表示用刀宰杀，刀刃溅血。物，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401031941365999.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402525970.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032012774777.gif（牛，头部长角、体型粗壮的力畜）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402154791.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032022828483.gif（勿，血溅刀刃），表示用刀杀牛。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032218611608.gif将甲骨文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032249843980.gif和三点血滴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032257596886.gif连写成“勿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032318413169.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032434599451.gif承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，杀牛。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032518910323.gif将篆文字形中的“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401020355694074.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032527314408.gif，将篆文字形中的“勿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032557357030.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032548916239.gif。在中国古代传说中，地上的一切都是神牛下凡造成的，所以用“牛”指代“物”，用“牛”指代一切。杀牛为“物”，解牛为“半”。附一文言版《説文解字》：物，萬物也。牛爲大物；天地之数，起於牽牛，故从牛，勿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：物，万物。牛为大物；天地万物之数，起于牵牛，因此字形采用“牛”作边旁，“勿”作声旁。

6不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

7产chǎn産，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144742225.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144597388.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144437578.png（“彦”的省略，即“谚”，古谚，表示狩猎、农耕经验）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144350258.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144855621.png（生，草木萌发），表示依据农谚耕作庄稼。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144523098.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，古人利用农谚耕种作物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144163764.png误将篆文字形中的“彦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145339016.png写成“产”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145757689.png，将篆文字形中的“生”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145451154.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145793991.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“产”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145307837.png，省去正体楷书字形中的“生”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145793991.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：産，生也。从生，彥省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：产，生出。字形采用“生”作边旁，用省略了“彡”的“彥”作声旁。

8水shuǐ水，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429671003.png像峭壁https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429781669.png上落下的液滴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429358782.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429503267.png像崎岖凹凸的岩壁https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429423339.png两边液体向下流泻飞溅https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429516424.png的样子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429437693.png像山涧https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429366206.png。造字本义：名词，从山岩或峭壁上飞溅而下的山泉。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429660051.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429768039.png将甲骨文字形中崎岖岩壁的形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429423339.png淡化为流动的曲线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429662284.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429508557.png承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429880183.png变形较大，将篆文表示岩壁的折线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429662284.png简化成一竖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429625097.png，将篆文字形中的四点液滴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429859161.png连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429839449.png，泉流的象形特征由此消失。在甲骨文中，动态的流水一般写作纵向的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429503267.png或https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429475431.png，静止或漫流的水通常写作横向的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429657644.png（参见“昔”、“益”）。在造字时代，水流的源头叫“泉”；石壁上飞溅的山泉叫“水”；由山泉汇成的水叫“涧”；山涧在地面汇成的清流叫“溪”；众多小溪汇成的水流叫“川”；众多川流汇成的大川叫“河”，最大的河的叫“江”。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020429484504.png附一文言版《説文解字》：水，凖也。北方之行。象眾水並流，中有微陽之气也。凡水之屬皆从水。
附二白话版《说文解字》：水，平度的标准。在五行中，水代表北方的属性。字形像众水同流，中间的一竖 | 表示藏在水中的微阳气息。所有与水相关的字，都采用“水”作边旁。

9浅qiǎn戔，既是声旁也是形旁，戈戟利器，比喻河心嶙嶙耸立的礁石。淺，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535255127.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535461683.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535710852.png（水，河水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535213432.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535896112.png（戔，如戈的嶙嶙礁石），表示水位低而露出大量尖利礁石。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535919837.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，水位低，河心礁石嶙嶙耸立。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535550346.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535436652.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535321012.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535731099.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535506422.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“浅”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535847306.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“戔”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535506422.png简化成“戋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535603551.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：淺，不深也。从水，戔聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：浅，水不深。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“戋”作声旁。

10鱼yú魚，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448762400.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448956766.png、金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448306558.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448666030.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448160335.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448964368.png像头、鳍、尾俱全的水中脊椎动物。甲骨文字形中https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448693723.png（现汉中没有对应字形）像张着凶猛虎口https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448832025.png的大鱼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448309747.png；有的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448427525.png（现代汉语中没有对应的字形）表示将鱼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448121832.png吊挂https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448353471.png起来风干。金文中的简体字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448666030.png将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448306558.png中的鱼头https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448531317.png简化成“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448507225.png，将鱼尾https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448386822.png简化成“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448961412.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448509675.png则将鱼尾形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448386822.png简化成“火”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448990808.png。造字本义：名词，有鳍、鳃和流线体型的冷血水生脊椎动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448371290.png将篆文字形中的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448990808.png简写成“四点底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448936810.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“鱼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448463797.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448225786.png将正体楷书字形中的“四点底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448782904.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104448366044.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：魚，水蟲也。象形。魚尾與燕尾相似。凡魚之屬皆从魚。
附二白话版《说文解字》：鱼，水中生物。象形。鱼尾与燕尾相似。所有与鱼相关的字，都采用“鱼”作边旁。

11游yóu“斿”是“遊”的本字。斿，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806957157.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806706439.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806621367.png（㫃，旗帜）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806855747.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806764368.png（子，学童），像飘扬的旗帜https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806621367.png引领一队学子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806764368.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806247153.png基本承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806422960.png突出执旗https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806899748.png游学的学子的手和脚https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806851239.png。当“斿”作为单纯字件后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806666154.png再加“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806461313.png（河）另造“游”代替，表示古代学子打着族旗，过河越境，四处参观学习。造字本义：动词，古代学子以族旗为护照，举旗越境参观巡学。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806763480.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806461313.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806606675.png，将篆文字形中的“斿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806491358.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806907518.png。当“游”引申出“泅水”的稳定义项后，后人以“辵”（行进）代替“水”（河界）另造“遊”，表示陆上的巡行。古人称泅水横渡为“游”，称顺着河道长距离游行为“泳”。附一文言版《説文解字》：游，旌旗之流也。从data:image/png;base64,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，汓聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文斿。
附二白话版《说文解字》：游，旌旗末端的旖旎流苏。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁，采用“汓”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文写法的“斿”。

12树shù“尌”是“樹”的本字。尌，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832507191.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832680355.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832946004.png（木，小树）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832692437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832943772.png（豆，盛器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832692437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832388063.png（又，抓、手持），表示手持木苗栽种在盆子里。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832314827.png将甲骨文字形中的“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832946004.png写成“屮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832686366.png(草）。当“尌”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832702749.png再加“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832739210.png另造“樹”代替，强调种植对象为木本植物。造字本义：动词，盆栽木本或草本植物的小苗。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“树”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832940547.png，依据草书字形，将正体楷书中笔画复杂的“壴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832144746.png简化为“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832551784.png。在甲骨文字形中，“树”是动词，表示植树；“木”是名词，表示一棵树。“树”的本义与“植”的引申义，都有“栽种木本幼苗”的意思，不同之处在于：“树”表示一系列动作，包含“栽种木本幼苗”、并“对木苗的成长加以管理和塑形”，系列动作指向追求幼苗的最终生长结果；“植”的“栽种”引申义，表示一个简单动作，只有“栽种草木幼苗”的意思，强调“竖立”的动作，并不强调动作的结果与影响。附一文言版《説文解字》：樹，生植之緫名。从木，尌聲。data:image/png;base64,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，籀文樹字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：树，播种、培育、种植等农事的总称。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“尌”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文写法的“樹”字。

13秃tū兀，既是声旁也是形旁，表示头上无发、光头。秃，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127764520.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127587897.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127361284.png（禾，庄稼）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127697724.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127111397.png（“兀”的变形，光头），表示庄稼不结穗。造字本义：形容词，庄稼茎稍光裸不结穗。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127726050.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127361284.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127242316.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127111397.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127480755.png。庄稼扬花抽穗叫“秀”，庄稼裸茎不结穗叫“秃”。附一文言版《説文解字》：禿，無髮也。从人，上象禾粟之形，取其聲。凡秃之屬皆从秃。王育說：蒼頡出見秃人伏禾中，因以制字。未知其審。
附二白话版《说文解字》：禿，没头发。字形采用“人”作边旁，上部像禾粟的形状，取“禾”的读音。所有与秃相关的字，都采用“秃”作边旁。王育说：苍颉一次出门时，看见一个秃头的人伏在稻草中，于是想出这个字。不知情况是否属实。

14禽qín“禽”是“擒”的本字。今，既是声旁也是形旁，是“吟”的本字，表示动物的低声鸣叫。禽，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930469616.png是象形字，字形像倒置的“网”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930850348.png。网口朝下，表示在地面狩捕鸟类或小动物；网口朝上，表示用网罩在空中追扑飞行的鸟雀。繁体甲骨文写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930672829.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930853731.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930110670.png（开口向上的“网”，捕鸟工具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930811764.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930609268.png（“十”是“又”的变形，抓持），表示持网捕鸟。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930357406.png在网罩上方加一个倒写的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930725557.png（吟念），表示捕鸟者手持网罩，口中吟念，模仿鸟鸣，吸引鸟雀。在天人无界的远古时代，人鸟无争，鸟不惧人，因此农夫用衣服就可以直接扑捕田间的鸟雀，猎人用网罩就可以直接追捕空中的飞鸟。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930608868.png将金文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930725557.png写成“今”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930738911.png（吟，低声鸣叫），将金文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930110406.png（抓）写成“禸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930586605.png（手持网柄）。造字本义：动词，一边口中吟诵鸟鸣声吸引鸟雀，一边手持网罩捕鸟。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930723568.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930738911.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930682192.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930172002.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104930528813.png。当“禽”的“捕鸟”动词本义消失后，篆文再加“手”另造“擒”代替。用网罩在空中追扑飞行的鸟雀叫“禽”，用支架在地上的网罩等候跳跃觅食的鸟雀叫“羅（罗）”。附一文言版《説文解字》：禽，獸緫名。从厹，象形，今聲。禽、离、兕頭相似。
附二白话版《说文解字》：禽，兽的总称。字形采用“厹”作字根，像捕鸟之形，采用“今”作声旁。“禽”、“离”、“兕”三个字的顶部形状相似。

15栖xī“栖”是“棲”的异体字。妻，既是声旁也是形旁，表示男子配偶，家中女主人。栖，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606732042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606193948.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606608509.png（木，树）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606409907.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606877816.png（妻，男子配偶，代表家庭），表示家庭所在的树木。古人为了防洪水和虫兽之害，居住在高大的树杈上。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606844874.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606608509.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606572467.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606877816.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606645959.png。隶书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606456880.png用“西”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606351055.png（古代女性装行李的囊袋，代日常生活用品）代替“妻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021606877816.png（妻，配偶，代表家庭），表示存放日常用品的巢居。造字本义：动词，远古人避险巢居在树上。古籍多用“棲”，明清及现代汉语多以“栖”代替“棲”。附一文言版《説文解字》：西，鳥在巢上。象形。日在西方而鳥棲，故因以爲東西之西。凡西之屬皆从西。棲，西或从木妻。
附二白话版《说文解字》：西，鸟在巢上。日落西山时鸟归林栖巢，所以用作“东西南北”的“西”。所有与西相关的字，都采用“西”作边旁。棲，这是“西”的异体字，字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“妻”作声旁。

16林lín林，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359570308.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359515141.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359850293.png（木，树）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359801865.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359499845.png（木，树），表示大量的、成排成片的树木。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359234765.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359347610.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，成片丛生的树木。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359211667.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359544513.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359887278.png。“木”是象形字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359906564.png像一株树，上部是枝下部是根；“本”是指事字，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359291612.png在树根部位加三点指事符号，表示树在地下的营养器官；“末”是指事字，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359716809.png在树梢部位加一点指事符号，表示尾端；“未”是象形字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359979303.png像树上枝桠重重，表示枝叶茂盛；“果”是象形字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359575318.png像树上结满球状实籽；“朱”是指事字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359773336.png在主杆部位加一点指事符号，表示树干；“林”是会义字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359669258.png像树连树的样子；“森”是会义字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021359425675.png比“林”多一“木”，表示“森”为“大林”。附一文言版《説文解字》：林，平土有叢木曰林。从二木。凡林之屬皆从林。
附二白话版《说文解字》：林，平坦地面上有丛生的树木叫作“林”。字形采用两个“木”会义。所有与林相关的字，都采用“林”作边旁。

17疏shū疋，既是声旁也是形旁，是“足”的本字，表示行走的脚。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117132770.png，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117280428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117407884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117743165.png（西，包囊）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117512162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117425638.png（疋，行走的脚），表示带着包囊离家而行。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117598117.png，篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117709854.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117927499.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117407884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117846296.png（爻，希，稀少）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117512162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118801329.png（足，即“疋”的误写，行走的脚），表示引导出离，以减小人口密度。篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118677240.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117407884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118236207.png（足，“疋”的误写，行走的脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117512162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118436215.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118339431.png，即“流”），表示人员行走、流动。造字本义：动词，引导人员从一个固定地点向其他地方流动，以减小现有人口密度，减轻天灾或人祸的毁灭性破坏。隶书异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118910845.png、楷书异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118393937.png承续篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118677240.png。楷书“疏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118946151.png综合篆文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118958538.png”和篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”，并将篆文字形中的“疋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117425638.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118556425.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118436215.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118325734.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：疏，通也。从㐬，从疋，疋亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：疏，开通。字形采用“足、疋”会义，同时“疋”也作声旁。

18兽shòu“獸”与“狩”同源，后分化。獸，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043192983.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043657967.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043908840.png（弹，石弹）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043352660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043133973.png（犬，猎狗），表示用石弹、猎犬捕猎。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043246938.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043677858.png误将金文字形中的“单”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043215803.png写成不知所云的“嘼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043206599.png。造字本义：动词，带着猎犬，以石弹干器为武器，埋伏狩猎。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043747138.png将篆文字形中的“嘼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043206599.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043584016.png，至此甲骨文、金文字形中表示狩猎武器的“單”的字形完全消失，将篆文字形中的“犬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043716686.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043694872.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“兽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043700495.png，省去正体楷书字形中的“犬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043318506.png，并依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043816693.png将正体楷书中的两个“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043412343.png简化成两点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043773924.png。当“獸”的“狩猎”本义消失后，篆文另造“狩”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：獸，守備者。从嘼，从犬。
附二白话版《说文解字》：獸，守候时机、备战行猎。字形采用“兽、犬”会义。

19居jū“居”是“毓（育）”的异体字。女，既是声旁也是形旁，表示孕妇。毓，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747181110.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747375563.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747880458.png（女，孕妇）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747808049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747297254.png（水，产妇的羊水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747808049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747278537.png（倒写的“子”，胎儿降生），表示胎儿伴随大量羊水排出母体。甲骨文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747175310.png用“母”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747561020.png代替“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747880458.png，强调产子为母。甲骨文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747110566.png将伴随羊水的胎儿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747165413.png省略成倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747689565.png。甲骨文异体字“居”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747254416.png写成“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747222563.png（母亲）与倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747487834.png（婴儿）会义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747756662.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747106516.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747214210.png误将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747254416.png中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747222563.png写成“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747676308.png，误将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747254416.png中倒字的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747487834.png写成“古”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747259235.png，导致本义线索消失。在古人眼里，妇女生育后安安定定在家里“坐月子”，最能体现“住家过日子”的本质，因此“居”从“生育”的本义引申出“住家过日子”的含义，又因此用“居”代替本义为“住家生活”的“凥”。造字本义：动词，妇女生育坐月子，安安定定在家里过日子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747182064.png将篆文字形中的“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747676308.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747445981.png，将篆文字形中的“古”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747259235.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747791936.png。
附　“凥”的字源解说：几，既是声旁也是形旁，表示小凳子。凥，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747476561.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747375563.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747317994.png（尸，坐着的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747808049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747879721.png（几，小凳子），表示坐在小凳子上。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747303316.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，坐在自家几凳上放松停歇，即呆在家里过日子，不在户外奔波。隶化后楷书书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747708225.png将篆文字形中的“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747676308.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747975675.png，将篆文字形中的“几”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747988393.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104747744741.png。由于“凥”与“居”在字形、字义上相近，古籍多以“居”代替“凥”，而“凥”被偏废。　　
附一文言版《説文解字》：居，蹲也。从尸古者，居从古。踞，俗居从足。
附二白话版《说文解字》：居，蹲踞。字形采用“尸、古”会义，原因是蹲踞沿袭古代的习俗。踞，这是“居”的俗体字，采用“足”作边旁。

20山shān山，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917598607.png是象形字，字形像遥望中地平线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917325444.png上起伏连绵的群峰https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917436011.png的线描，有三（众多）座峰头。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917774566.png写成剪影。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917168656.png将三个峰头https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917459320.png简化成三个短竖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917617632.png，淡化峰尖形象。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917726229.png保留中间一座峰岭的象形特征。造字本义：名词，起伏叠嶂的峰岭。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917951783.png完全失去峰岭形象。两峰相连、或零散不成方向的小山叫“丘”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917267403.png，众峰（三峰）相连、形成一定走向的群峰叫“山”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917598607.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：山，宣也。宣气散，生萬物，有石而高。象形。凡山之屬皆从山。
附二白话版《说文解字》：山，宣发地气。高山宣发地气，散布四方，促生万物，有石崖而高耸。象高峰连绵之形。所有与山相关的字，都采用“山”作边旁。

21峭qiào“峭”是“陗”的异体字。肖，既是声旁也是形旁，是“削”省略，表示刀砍、刀削。陗，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152636048.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152357929.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152966257.png（阜，山地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152986603.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152791545.png（肖，即“削”，刀砍、刀削），表示山陡如削。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152631219.png用“山”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152797030.png代替篆文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152966257.png，强调山岩陡直。造字本义：形容词，山岩壁立如削，陡直惊心。古籍多以“峭”代替“陗”。附一文言版《説文解字》：陗，陖也。从data:image/png;base64,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，肖聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：陗，陖也。字形采用“阜”作边旁，采用“肖”作声旁。

22崩bēng，既是声旁也是形旁，表示并连。崩，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039754972.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039353453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039578518.png（阜，高山）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039433080.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039136746.png（朋，并连），表示山体连锁。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039654814.png以“山”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039480245.png代替“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039578518.png。造字本义：动词，山体连锁塌滑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039402794.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039480245.png写成“朋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039355189.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039230498.png写成“朋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039773812.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：崩，山壞也。从山，朋聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：崩，山体坍塌。字形采用“山”作边旁，采用“朋”作声旁。

23泽zé睪，既是声旁也是形旁，是“擇”的本字，表示挑选。澤，古鈢https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646964799.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646831167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646326815.png（水，河川）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646880053.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646715007.png（睪，选择），表示择地截流。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646605336.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，择地截流，蓄水灌溉。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646779037.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646906590.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646640792.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“泽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646285438.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“睪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646211628.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646596642.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：澤，光潤也。从水，睪聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：泽，光亮湿润。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“睪”作声旁。

24满mǎnhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732165155.png，既是声旁也是形旁，表示均匀，平均。滿，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732826770.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732551762.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/25/20200225082021883731.gif（水，容器里的水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732938182.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732216628.png（㒼，均匀），表示水充斥每一处。造字本义：动词，容器内液体饱和。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732248760.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/25/20200225082021883731.gif写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732783491.png，将篆文字形中的“㒼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732216628.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732827707.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“满”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732499912.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“㒼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732827707.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732291941.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：滿，盈溢也。从水，㒼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：满，液体达到器皿容量而外溢。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“㒼”作声旁。

25溢yì益，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733213355.png像水https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733570516.png从器皿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733118868.png上溢出。当“益”的“满溢”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733265942.png再加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733650608.png（水）另造“溢”代替。造字本义：动词，水从器皿满出来。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733448752.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733650608.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733153200.png，将篆文字形中的“益”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733392913.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020733281240.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：溢，器滿也。从水，益聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：溢，器皿装满液体。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“益”作声旁。

26弃qì其，既是声旁也是形旁，是“箕”的本字，表示箕筐，农用盛具。棄，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149695934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149922458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png（子，幼婴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png（其，即“箕”，竹筐）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149844333.png（双手），表示双手持箕，将箕筐中的幼婴送出家门。远古时代有些先民出于生存环境的压力，被迫将病婴、女婴、或无力养育的婴儿装在箕筐里，送到确信有人经过的地方，让善心人收养。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149628039.png将甲骨文字形中的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png写成倒写的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149502831.png，表示初生的婴儿。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149170804.png则将甲骨文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png简化字形，省去篆文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。造字本义：动词，将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149660680.png将篆文字形中倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149108795.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149262943.png，将篆文字形中双手持箕的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149245587.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149604566.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“弃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149686632.png，承续简体的篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：棄，捐也。从廾推data:image/png;base64,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棄之，从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAOAQMAAADDr3TWAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpFMDZGMjUyNkY5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDIxMSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMDZGMjUyN0Y5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDExIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MDZGMjUyNEY5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDIxMSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMDZGMjUyNUY5OTExRTlCRDg4REIxNkJCOTcwMjExIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRD4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3b2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAMe2LmAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACZJREFUGNNj+P2AAY6A4PsDEHr/gOHdA4b7CQz3FzDsXwAS/38AANMdFJR9r9uQAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC。data:image/png;base64,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，逆子也。弃，古文棄。
附二白话版《说文解字》：弃，遗弃婴儿。字形采用“廾”作边旁，表示双手推着箕筐data:image/png;base64,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将婴孩丢在有人过往的地方。字形也用data:image/png;base64,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作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是头朝下的孩子，表示被遗弃的婴孩。弃，这是古文写法的“弃”。

27玉yù玉，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111146447473.png像一根丝绳串着四片宝石的薄片，丝绳上端为绳结https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111146589226.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111146102107.png简化成三片宝石和一根串绳，字形与“丰”字相似。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111146360083.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111146574183.png省去上下两端的线头，字形与“君王”的“王”字相似。造字本义：名词，用丝绳串起来的珍玩宝石。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111146152973.png在“王”字上加一点指事符号，变成指事字，以区别于“王”。附一文言版《説文解字》：玉，石之美者。有五德：潤澤以溫，仁之方也；䚡理自外，可以知中，義之方也；其聲舒揚，尃以遠聞，智之方也；不橈而折，勇之方也；銳廉而不技，絜之方也。象三玉之連。丨，其貫也。凡玉之屬皆从玉。
附二白话版《说文解字》：玉，最美的石头。玉有五品：润泽而温和，是仁人的比方；从外部观察纹理，可知内部真性，这是义士的比方；玉声舒展飞扬，传播而远闻，是智士的比方；宁折不挠，是勇士的比方；锐廉而不奇巧，是廉洁之士的比方。字形像三块玉片的串连。丨，像玉串的贯绳。所有与玉相关的字，都采用“玉”作边旁。

28取qǔ取，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514792835.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514457058.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514535192.png（耳朵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514447313.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514890147.png（用手抓），表示手持割下的耳朵。古代战争中，士兵割下死敌的耳朵作为评价战绩的依据。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514933694.png将甲骨文字形中的手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514890147.png写成明确的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514559827.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514368551.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，割下死敌的耳朵，以示战功。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514222100.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514332288.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514983524.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：取，捕取也。从又，从耳。《周禮》：“獲者取左耳。”《司馬法》曰：“載獻聝。”聝者，耳也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：取，捕杀。字形采用“又、耳”会义。《周礼》上说：“获胜者割下敌人的左耳。”《司马法》上说：“载献聝。”聝，就是耳朵。

29石shí石，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015347292360.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015347565008.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015347103515.png（厂，像崖岩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015347469484.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015347459104.png（口，像碎块），表示山岩或岩块。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015347291345.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226051748522606.gif承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，坚硬的矿物质，山岩，岩块。隶化后楷书将篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226051748522606.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015347964022.png。古籍有时假借“石”代替“䄷”，表示谷物的重量单位，相当于一百二十斤。附一文言版《説文解字》：石，山石也。在厂之下；囗，象形。凡石之屬皆从石。
附二白话版《说文解字》：石，山上的石头。好像石头在山崖之下；囗，是石块的象形。所有与石相关的字，都采用“石”作边旁。

30盲máng亡，既是声旁也是形旁，表示失去。盲，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022634943109.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022634278477.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022634171327.png（亡，失去）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022634485201.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022634261867.png（目，视力），表示失去视力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022634156978.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，失明，失去视力。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022634710713.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022634239164.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022634524758.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：盲，目無牟子。从目，亡聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：盲，眼无眸子。字形采用“目”作边旁，“亡”作声旁。

31羊yáng“羊”是“祥”的本字。羊，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505471593.png像两角弯曲https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505157049.png、两鼻孔在鼻尖上形成“V”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505246113.png的动物。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505842481.png在弯角https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505157049.png与鼻尖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505246113.png之间加一短横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505160269.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505601130.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505374924.png突出弯曲的尖角。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505917353.png基本承续金文字形，将金文字形中的弯角https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505943473.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505326018.png。造字本义：名词，两角弯曲、性情温顺的食草动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505748492.png则将篆文字形中类似“草头”的羊角形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505326018.png写成了标准的“草头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022505675569.png，至此，羊角、羊嘴的形象消失殆尽。作为温顺的食草动物，羊比一般的山兽更肥美，也更容易猎捕，所以羊成为远古祖先重要的肉食来源；也因此羊常被用于祭祀，并引申出吉利、吉祥的含义。当“羊”的“吉利”的引申义消失后，再加“示”（祭祀）另造“祥”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：羊，祥也。从data:image/png;base64,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，象頭角足尾之形。孔子曰：“牛羊之字以形舉也。”凡羊之屬皆从羊。
附二白话版《说文解字》：羊，吉祥。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAOAQMAAADDr3TWAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo0REUzMDg3NUUyOTUxMUU4QjdFQkIyRjJBREU4NDU0NiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo0REUzMDg3NkUyOTUxMUU4QjdFQkIyRjJBREU4NDQ2Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NERFMDg3M0UyOTUxMUU4QjdFQkIyRjJBREU4NDU0NiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wZGlkOjRERTMwODc0RTI5NTExRThCN0VCQjJGMkFERTg0NTQ2Ii8+IDwvcmRmOmVzY3JpcHRpb24+IDwvcmRmOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08vHw7+7t7Ovq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEA0pNzngAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACBJREFUGNNj2L+A4X4Cw7sHDFcTGDYuYKg+wPD7AVYEAMKrFwZbJBDOAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC”作边旁，像羊的头、角、足、尾的形状。孔子说：“牛羊等字，根据动物外形概括。”所有与羊相关的字，都采用“羊”作边旁。

32质zhì質，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020502527758.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111150146221.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020512556907.gif（斦，二“斤”即二“斧”，武力胁迫）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111150898052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020522484907.gif（貝，钱财），表示武力胁迫以求财。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020532716370.gif将金文字形中的“斦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020512556907.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020602992186.gif，将金文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020522484907.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020551926869.gif。造字本义：动词，武力劫持绑架人员作抵押，以求赎金。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020615787382.gif将篆文字形中的“斦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020602992186.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020650756477.gif，将篆文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020551926869.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020633227743.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“质”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111150257540.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“斦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020650756477.gif简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111150867380.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/2/20200402020633227743.gif简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111150930166.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：質，物相贅。从貝，从斦。
附二白话版《说文解字》：质，用物品抵押。字形采用“贝、斦”会义。

33虎hǔ虎，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023126160584.png是象形字，字形像有大口獠牙https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023126689530.png、长足利爪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023126192984.png、瘦长身躯和尾巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023126496159.png的猛兽。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023126513731.png将瘦长身躯和尾巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023126496159.png写成线条https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127385767.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127165637.png将甲骨文字形中獠牙外露的大口https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023126689530.png写成“虍”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127294683.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127977308.png将金文字形中猛兽的大口獠牙“虍”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127294683.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127663105.png，将金文字形中的两个“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127441954.png简写成一个“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127644661.png。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127183910.png误将“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127644661.png写成“巾”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127902362.png。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127462501.png则误将“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127644661.png写成“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127671900.png，表示猛兽袭人。造字本义：名词，会袭击人类的山中兽王。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127920305.png将篆文字形中的“虍”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127579619.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127344762.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127671900.png写成“几”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127487283.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127219737.png将篆文字形中的“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127644661.png写成“巾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023127448167.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：虎，山獸之君。从虍，虎足象人足。象形。凡虎之屬皆从虎。虝，古文虎。data:image/png;base64,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，亦古文虎。
附二白话版《说文解字》：虎，山林的兽中之王。字形采用“虍”作边旁，虎足象人足。象形。所有与虎相关的字，都采用“虎”作边旁。虝，是古文写法的“虎”。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA4AAAAOAQMAAAAlhr+SAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo2RDFDNkM4RjA3MjUxMUU2OUM1Q0I2MjM2MTFFNkY4MyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo2RDFDNkM5MDA3MjUxMUU2OUM1Q0I2MjM2MTFFNjgzIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NkQxQzZDOEQwNzI1MTFFNjlDNUM2MjM2MTFFNkY4MyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo2RDFDNkM4RTA3MjUxMUU2OUM1Q0I2MjM2MTE2RjgzIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8HAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAJw1jeAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAADFJREFUGNNj+L+HoWEPw2sw+YqBoWEFw+oVDItXMOxfwbA2g2HJDYa1OxhyfzA8eQIAi+oTFZTe/oAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，这也是古文写法的“虎”。

34皮pí皮，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518082245308953.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104609492071.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518082253518307.gif（口，嘴巴，惨叫）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104609695752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518082303220082.gif（卩，是“㔾”或“人”的变形）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104609695752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518082311243029.gif（又，抓住，执刑），表示罪犯惨叫不止的活剥酷刑。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104609522333.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”即“㔾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518082303220082.gif写成类似单耳旁的“卩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518083151426144.gif，“卩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518083151426144.gif是“㔾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518083340554197.gif的草写变形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518083548407016.gif将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104609622814.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518083612611184.gif，将金文字形中的人形“㔾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518083151426144.gif写成“尸”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518083936174378.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084111692314.gif将籀文字形中的的“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518083936174378.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084201564754.gif；将籀文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084359249446.gif草写成右框https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084427604006.gif。由于籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518083548407016.gif和篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084111692314.gif字形中的“人”形消失，篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084703420504.gif用“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084850529908.gif代替“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084903472282.gif（抓），强调活剥人体的表面软组织。造字本义：动词，远古时代的残忍酷刑，剥去人体表面的软组织。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518085040255630.gif将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518085104724852.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518085047473217.gif，将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084903472282.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518085053506416.gif；也就是说，楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518101623698627.gif是“人”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518101637699185.gif的变形，楷书字形中的短竖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518101648957741.gif，是承续隶书对篆文字形中右框https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084427604006.gif的草写；而篆文字形中的右框https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084427604006.gif，是对籀文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/18/20200518084359249446.gif的草写。在远古时代，“皮”是剥去人的体表软组织；“革”是剥去野兽的皮。中医方面，称身体表面与外界直接接触的薄软组织为“皮”，称皮下的脂肪层为“肤”。附一文言版《説文解字》：皮，剥取獸革者謂之皮。从又，爲省聲。凡皮之屬皆从皮。𥬖，籒文皮。
附二白话版《说文解字》：皮，剥下兽皮叫皮。字形采用“又”作边旁，用省略式的“为”作声旁。所有与皮相关的字，都采用“皮”作边旁。𥬖，这是籀文写法的“皮”。

35柔róu矛，既是声旁也是形旁，表示带锋的木枪。柔，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740835018.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740182401.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740830803.png（矛，带锋头的木枪）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740285388.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740714489.png（木，枪杆），表示矛枪的木柄。造字本义：名词，富有弹性、适宜作矛枪长柄的木材。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740844354.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740830803.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740567887.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740714489.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740257278.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：柔，木曲直也。从木，矛聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：柔，糅扳木条，使之由曲变直。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“矛”作声旁。
2.4.今天任务：
地薄者大物不产，水浅者大鱼不游，树秃者大禽不栖，林疏者大兽不居。
山峭者崩，泽满者溢。弃玉取石者盲，羊质虎皮者柔。 1. 地薄者大物不产，水浅者大鱼不游。重浊的阴气下沉为地。（地）漫延生长的草丛（薄）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）顶天立地的成年人（大）动词，在中国古代传说中，地上的一切都是神牛下凡造成的，所以用“牛”指代“物”，用“牛”指代一切。--（物）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。（不），古人利用农谚耕种作物。（产）。从山岩或峭壁上飞溅而下的山泉。（水）水位低，河心礁石嶙嶙耸立。（浅）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）顶天立地的成年人（大）有鳍、鳃和流线体型的冷血水生脊椎动物。（鱼）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。（不）古代学子以族旗为护照，举旗越境参观巡学。（游）。翻译：土地稀薄不产（大牛--大物）。区域中德文化不足，不会产顶天立地的成年人。水位低的河滩不会有大鱼游过。区域中领袖德不以足以怀远，信不足以一异，义不以照下，此地留不住贤人君子。2.树秃者大禽不栖，林疏者大兽不居。盆栽木本或草本植物的小苗（树）庄稼茎稍光裸不结穗（秃）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）顶天立地的成年人（大）飞行的鸟类。（禽）不远古人避险巢居在树上。（栖）成片丛生的树木。（林）引导人员从一个固定地点向其他地方流动，以减小现有人口密度，减轻天灾或人祸的毁灭性破坏。（疏）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）顶天立地的成年人（大）带着猎犬，以石弹干器为武器，埋伏狩猎。（兽）不坐在自家几凳上放松停歇，即呆在家里过日子，不在户外奔波。（居）翻译：大型飞行的鸟类不会巢居在茎稍光裸不结穗的木本或草本植物上。大型人类以外的哺乳动物不会放松停歇在低密度地排列的树林中。-----区域中可供食用的材料较少，很难留得住人才。 3.山峭者崩，泽满者溢。起伏叠嶂的峰岭（山）山岩壁立如削，陡直惊心（峭）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）山体连锁塌滑（崩）。择地截流，蓄水灌溉（泽）容器内液体饱和。（满）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）水从器皿满出来（溢）。翻译：起伏叠嶂的峰岭山岩壁立如削，陡直惊心容易发生山体连锁塌滑。择地截流蓄的水饱和，容易水从器皿满出来。4弃玉取石者盲，羊质虎皮者柔。将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养（弃）用丝绳串起来的珍玩宝石（玉）割下死敌的耳朵，以示战功。（取）坚硬的矿物质，山岩，岩块（石）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）失明，失去视力。（盲）两角弯曲、性情温顺的食草动物（羊）武力劫持绑架人员作抵押，以求赎金。（质）会袭击人类的山中兽王（虎）剥下兽皮叫皮（皮）富有弹性、适宜作矛枪长柄的木材。（柔）翻译：将用绳串起来的珍玩宝石送出门外取得坚硬件的山岩岩块的人肯定是失明，失去视力。两角弯曲、性情温顺的食草动物羊武力抢来山中兽王虎的皮披在自己身上，仍不会改变其本质温顺。四简单心得：德不配位者，不可能立功立事。先莫先于修德。五吟诵已经发群里面。

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