睿涵的《素书》读书笔记 - 第2页 - 重读素书 - 珑夫心理服务网

睿涵发表于 2021-1-18 09:45:06

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-18 16:25 编辑

1.18.恭俭谦约，所以自守。深计远虑，所以不穷。亲仁友直，所以扶颠。
近恕笃行，所以接人。任材使能，所以济物。一二，查字正音。
1恭gōng甲骨文中“龚”与“恭”通用。共，既是声旁也是形旁，是“供”的本字，表示敬奉。恭，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822435713.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822554120.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822612242.png（龙）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822896145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822273871.png（共，即“供”，供奉），表示敬奉神龙。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822782259.png基本承续甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822435713.png字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822223099.png加“兄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822537989.png（祝祷），突出崇拜主题。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822466033.png误将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822537989.png写成“廿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822962737.png，省去“龙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822359001.png，同时加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822898539.png，突出诚心。造字本义：动词，虔敬地供奉神龙。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822486002.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822852998.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822240298.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822898539.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822347847.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：恭，肅也。从心，共聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：恭，态度肃敬。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“共”作声旁。

2俭jiǎn僉，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斂”的省略，表示约束、收束。儉，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715251047.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715800811.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715689022.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715866305.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715629457.png（僉，即“斂”，约束、收束），表示自我约束。造字本义：动词，自我约束，不放纵。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715894718.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715689022.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715171351.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715629457.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715286408.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“俭”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715462516.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“僉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715384078.png简化成“佥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715696446.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：儉，約也。从人，僉聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：俭，自我约束。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“佥”作声旁。

3谦qiān兼，既是声旁也是形旁，是“歉”的省略，表示歉意。謙，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238207250.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238528019.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238374096.png（言，说）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238248989.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238666790.png（兼，即“歉”，内疚），表示表达愧疚。造字本义：动词，对自身的失误或不完善表示愧歉不安，保持深刻自省。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238632862.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238374096.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238391916.png，将篆文字形中的“兼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238666790.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238417033.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“谦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238787408.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238391916.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023238404449.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：謙，敬也。从言，兼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：谦，表达对他人的恭敬。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“兼”作声旁。

4约yuē約，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147987294.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147348583.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147859288.png（糸，系、束）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147435473.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147533297.png（刀，即“勺”的变形，食具，代表进食），表示束缚进食行为。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147372493.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147859288.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147806628.png，将金文字形中的“刀”写成“勺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147272442.png。造字本义：动词，限制进食，省吃俭用。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147599943.png将篆文字形中的“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147806628.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147698382.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147272442.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147693876.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“约”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147228827.png依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147698382.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147271641.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：約，纏束也。从糸，勺聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：约，缠绕捆缚。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用“勺”作声旁。

5所suǒ斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斫”的省略，表示刀斧砍、削。所，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061551504926.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108495674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif（户，门窗，借代房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108578877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif（斤，即“斫”的省略，用刀斧砍、削），表示伐木筑屋。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061650124601.gif将金文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif。造字本义：动词，木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061741580887.gif将篆文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061749571171.gif，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061756848163.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：所，伐木聲也。从斤，戶聲。《诗》曰：“伐木所所。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：所，砍伐树木的声音。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“户”作声旁。《诗经》有诗句唱道：“挥斧伐木，所所传响。”

6以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

7自zì“自”是“鼻”的本字。自，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558178546.png像人的鼻子，有鼻梁、鼻翼。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558314930.png突出鼻骨与鼻弯。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558565925.png略有变形，突出了两侧鼻翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558579239.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558718467.png将两侧鼻翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558579239.png连写成封闭的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558721829.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558656777.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558941059.png进一步失去鼻形。在向他人表达“我”的时候，人们习惯于手指本人脸部（即头部正面）的中央位置，即鼻部位置，于是“自”（即鼻子）渐渐成了第一人称。当“自”的“鼻子”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558996308.png再加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558300532.png（像蛇信，感觉器官）另造“鼻”代替，表示“鼻”的嗅觉功能。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：自，鼻也。象鼻形。凡自之屬皆从自。
附二白话版《说文解字》：自，鼻子。字形像鼻骨与鼻弯的形状。所有与自相关的字，都采用“自”作边旁。

8守shǒu守，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435199656.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435337428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435325079.png（六，即“庐”的本字，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435569757.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435600869.png（寸，手持器械）。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435987500.png将甲骨文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435401169.png，将甲骨文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435600869.png写成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435494439.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435566835.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，持械护卫家园，御寇入侵。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435108241.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435421372.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435215145.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435585997.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104435510418.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：守，守官也。从宀，从寸。寺府之事者。从寸。寸，法度也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：守，官吏的操行、节操。字形采用“宀、寸”会义。宀，表示官府的事。寸，表示法度。
9深shēn罙，既是声旁也是形旁，是“探”的本字，表示伸手探穴。深，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536873604.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536726010.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536475307.png（水，潭）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536284386.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536244705.png（罙，即“探”，伸手探洞），表示探测潭底。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536517464.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，伸手或用工具探测潭底。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536258630.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536627268.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536765767.png，并误将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536954111.png写成“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020536866898.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：深，水。出桂陽南平，西入營道。从水，罙聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：深，河川。源出桂阳南平，向西流入营道。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“罙”作声旁。

10计jì十，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巨大数量。计，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524131170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524954381.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524896927.png（午，疑为对“十”的误写）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524159802.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524879679.png（言，说话、商谈），表示大量的商谈。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524725156.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524879679.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524732950.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524896927.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524550690.png。造字本义：动词，众人七嘴八舌地商议、谋划。篆文隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524165383.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524732950.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524762506.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“计”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524285256.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524795705.png简写成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524603663.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：計，會也。筭也。从言，从十。
附二白话版《说文解字》：计，合算，算数。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“十”作声旁。

11远yuǎn袁，既是声旁也是形旁，表示衣物。遠，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138219725.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138161465.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png（袁，衣物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138699015.png（又，抓、持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138487174.png（亍，即“彳”，行进），表示带上衣物行囊长途出行。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138839145.png将“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png简写成“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138846170.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138878923.png加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138687596.png（趾，脚板），并将甲骨文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138554739.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082617271694.gif将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082740337951.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082626822410.gif，将金文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082859961447.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082348905378.gif。造字本义：动词，带上衣物行囊长途出行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138307354.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138803656.png写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138487064.png，将篆文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082348905378.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“远”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138127662.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png简化成“元”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138265049.png。
12虑lǜ吕，既是声旁也是形旁，是“侣”的本字，表示伴侣。慮，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104701780591.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104701670212.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104701302301.png（吕，代表伴侣）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104701789266.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104701303542.png（心，担心），表示为伴侣担心。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104701222347.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104701670212.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104701600719.png（虍，代表虎豹猛兽）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104701789266.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702485896.png（思，担心），表示对猛兽侵袭的担忧。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702548341.png承续籀文字形。造字本义：动词，忧患安全，担忧。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702437714.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702287517.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702123117.png。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702346938.png将隶书字形中的“虎头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702637661.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702748653.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“虑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702374481.png，将正体楷书字形中的“思”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702539557.png省略成“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104702423366.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：慮，謀思也。从思，虍聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：虑，谋划、思考。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“虍”作声旁。

13不“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。
14穷qióng躬，既是声旁也是形旁，表示弓身屈体。窮，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756474196.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756833421.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756598910.png（穴，洞）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756407281.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756641959.png（躬，弓身屈体），表示人在穴中，无法站直。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756811040.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，身居洞穴，身体被迫弯屈、不自由。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756396139.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756680562.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756537566.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756973721.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756808428.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“穷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756102785.png，以“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756581256.png代替正体楷书字形中的“躬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105756808428.png，表示无能为力。附一文言版《説文解字》：窮，極也。从穴，躳聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：穷，洞穴不可行进的终极处。字形采用“穴”作边旁，采用“躳”作声旁。

15亲qīn辛，既是声旁也是形旁，表示刑罚。親，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205608336.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205543893.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205633288.png（辛，受刑、受监）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205764508.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205903158.png（見，探望），表示探监。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205419696.png将金文字形中的“辛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205633288.png写成“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205281942.png，将金文字形中的“見”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205903158.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205588040.png。在专制文化深入人心的古代，无论罪名虚实，一个人一旦被官府定罪入狱，就将终身背负耻辱，因此在古人看来，只有被血缘联系着的至近至密者，才可能探监慰问，不离不弃。造字本义：动词，探视狱中受监的家人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205616855.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205281942.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205371455.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205588040.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205337291.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205797116.png，省去正体楷书字形中的“見”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205337291.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：親，至也。从見，亲聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：亲，关系至近至密者。字形采用“见”作边旁，采用“亲”作声旁。

16仁rén人，既是声旁也是形旁，表示普天之下不同身份地位的生活者。仁，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946953790.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946144985.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946476186.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946189353.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946221094.png（二，等同、相等，参见“均”、“齐”），表示人人相等，亦即等而视之，视人若已，将心比心，同情包容。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946577476.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946476186.png写成“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946816708.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946575199.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946816708.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946824769.png。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946783897.png将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946824769.png写成“千”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946272308.png（众多，代表众生）、“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946409674.png（慈爱）会义，表示心怀众生，宽容博爱。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946122328.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，尊重人道，相信人性相通，视人若已，同情包容，尤指强势者对弱势者的厚道。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946247491.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946923153.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946979371.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：仁，親也。从人，从二。忎，古文仁从千心。data:image/png;base64,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，古文仁或从尸。
附二白话版《说文解字》：仁，亲爱。字形采用“人、二”会义。忎，这是古文写法的“仁”，字形采用“千、心”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，这是“仁”的古文异体字，字形采用“尸”作边旁。

17友yǒu又，既是声旁也是形旁，表示抓握。友，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634990534.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634172678.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634403086.png（又，抓握）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634693174.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634403086.png（又，抓握），表示握手结交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634350803.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634826463.png加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634590114.png（说），强调相互协商、鼓励。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634148799.png基本承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，两人结交，协力互助。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634745536.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634212328.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634413048.png。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634216078.png将隶书字形中的的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634413048.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634279201.png。双手配合为“友”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634990534.png，三（多）手配合为“协”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634793206.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：友，同志爲友。从二又。相交友也。data:image/png;base64,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，古文友。習，亦古文友。
附二白话版《说文解字》：友，志趣相投叫作“友”。字形采用两个“又”会义，像两人交手相握，彼此友好。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“友”。習，这也是古文写法的“友”。

18直zhí直，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715577665.png是指事字，字形在眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715633413.png上加一竖线指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715343515.png，表示目光向正前方看。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715544474.png误将短竖线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715343515.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715314317.png，并加一曲形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715233475.png，表示去曲求正。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715676881.png在“直”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715463543.png的字形上加“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715229898.png，表示木匠眯眼看木料，以便消除凸曲部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715836356.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，正视，面对而不回避。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715131839.png将转曲形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715797880.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715472686.png。当“直”的“正视前方”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“值”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：直，正見也。从∟，从十，从目。data:image/png;base64,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，古文直。
附二白话版《说文解字》：直，正视。字形采用“∟、十、目”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文写法的“直”。

19扶fú夫，既是声旁也是形旁，表示成年人。扶，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945895008.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945584969.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945879845.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945121406.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945489445.png（伸手抓持的人），表示一个人伸手搀着另一个人。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945144556.png简化字形，突出搀援的手。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945489987.png将甲骨文字形中的独体结构https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945144556.png写成左右结构，把“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945793814.png写成“夫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945891878.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945669668.png将金文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945480308.png写成“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945271168.png。造字本义：动词，搀着病弱或年老的人。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945540838.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945271168.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945154772.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945338625.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023945749464.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：扶，左也。从手，夫聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文扶。
附二白话版《说文解字》：扶，佐助。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“夫”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“扶”字。

20颠diān真，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巫师用神鼎祭祀占卜。顛，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730972230.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730402963.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730596826.png（真，巫师用神鼎祭祀占卜）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730828776.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730205211.png（頁，头部），表示占上时向祭鼎跪拜。造字本义：动词，巫师头部着地，向祭鼎反复地磕头跪拜。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730896467.png将篆文字形中的“真”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730596826.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730673593.png，将篆文字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730205211.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730547484.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“颠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730263528.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730547484.png简化成“页”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104730810678.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：顛，頂也。从頁，真聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：颠，头顶。字形采用“页”作边旁，采用“真”作声旁。

21近jìn近，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857517940.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857595962.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857959259.png（止，即“趾”的本字，指行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857378578.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png（在“水”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857171212.png上切入两横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857328121.png，表示渡河），表示行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857707739.png将表示渡河的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png反转成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857711306.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857668099.png将金文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857171212.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857357890.png，将金文字形中的两横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857328121.png写成一折https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857931598.png。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857430039.png将“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857357890.png（河流）误写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857211213.png，导致字形晦涩。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857283449.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png写成非“斤”非“斤”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857734585.png，将金文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857959259.png写成“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857609283.png，强调行进。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857551980.png误将籀文字形中似“斤”非“斤”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857734585.png写成“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857238387.png，并将“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857238387.png当作声旁。造字本义：动词，行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857937931.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857238387.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857906873.png，将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857916777.png写成“走字底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857114633.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：近，附也。从辵，斤聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文近。
附二白话版《说文解字》：近，攀附、亲近。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“斤”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“近”。

22恕shù“恕”是“恕”的异体字。如，既是声旁也是形旁，表示一致、相同。恕，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219589079.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219646284.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219122415.png（如，同）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219340004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219670955.png（心，心情），表示同心，即同情、同理，站在对方立场去感受。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219889025.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，抱同情、同理之心，站在对方立场去感受，并原谅、宽容对方造成的错误和伤害。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219557090.png将篆文字形中的“如”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219286243.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219546014.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219782596.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219661245.png。金文异体字“恕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219741844.png将金文字形中的“如”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219122415.png省略成“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219418000.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219670955.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219280268.png。古籍多以“恕”代替“㣽”。儒家提倡在处理社会关系时遵循“忠恕”之道，以达成封建时代农业大国的社会秩序和谐稳定，“忠”指充满敬意维护上级，用心专注；“恕”指推已及人，抱持同情同理之心包容下级。附一文言版《説文解字》：恕，仁也。从心，如聲。㣽，古文恕省。
附二白话版《说文解字》：恕，仁慈。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“如”作声旁。㣽，这是古文写法的“恕”字，省略了“口”。

23笃dǔ竹，既是声旁也是形旁，表示竹具、竹笼。篤，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833904620.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833824031.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833292702.png（竹，竹笼）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833526154.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833367118.png（馬，代马嘴），表示给马嘴套上透气的竹笼，使马不能嚼食路边的野草，以此降低草料对马的诱惑，提高马匹的警觉与专注，以便更好地为主人服务。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833468538.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，给马嘴套上竹笼。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833518948.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833935611.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833185704.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833568887.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833660364.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“笃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833409937.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“馬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833660364.png简化成“马”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833134840.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：篤，馬行頓遟。从馬，竹聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：笃，马走得迟缓。字形采用“马”作边旁，采用“竹”作声旁。

24行xíng行（háng），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856999838.png是象形字，字形像四通八达的十字路口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856131419.png将十字路口形状的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png误写成正反两个“双人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856160305.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856598545.png，失去路口形象。造字本义：名词，纵横畅通的十字路口。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856343815.png一定程度上恢复金文字形。从甲骨文、金文字形看，“行”的左右两边“彳”、“亍”，应该被称作“左行旁”、“右行旁”，而不是“双人旁”。附一文言版《説文解字》：行，人之步趨也。从彳，从亍。凡行之屬皆从行。
附二白话版《说文解字》：行，人们在路上行走或小跑。字形采用“彳、亍”会义。所有与行相关的字，都采用“行”作边旁。
25接jiē妾，既是声旁也是形旁，表示妻子之外另娶的女人、小老婆。接，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136628899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136907060.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136311588.png（手，招纳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136593442.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136413531.png（妾，小老婆），表示男人纳妾。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136198006.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136413531.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136187972.png。造字本义：动词，男人在娶妻之后纳妾。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136328053.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136280915.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136379928.png，失去五指形象；将篆文字形中的“辛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136251313.png写成“立”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136656008.png，将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136200783.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136866994.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：接，交也。从手，妾聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：接，交接。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“妾”作声旁。

26人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。
附一文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

27任rèn任，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829357162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829186833.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829518301.png（工，巧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829118630.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829618451.png（人，远古的手工业者），表示能工巧匠。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829630971.png在“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829497003.png的握柄上加圆点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829501247.png，写成“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829364147.png，表示善于巧用器具，有办事能力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829523779.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，聪明能干，精于办事。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829954735.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829411467.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829931935.png，将篆文字形中的“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829688888.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829412103.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：任，符也。从人，壬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：任，委任状。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“壬”作声旁。

28材cái“才”是“材”是本字。才，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021400815849.png是象形字，字形像在柱子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021400471800.png（半个“木”）上架一根横木https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021400980885.png，表示房柱上架着的横木，即栋梁。当“才”的“栋梁”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021400796435.png再加“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021400519914.png另造“材”代替，造字本义：名词，可用于建筑的木料。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021400113433.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021400519914.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021400848603.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：材，木梃也。从木，才聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：材，木棍。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“才”作声旁。

29使shǐ“史”是“使”的本字；“吏”、“事”与“史”同源。史，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839490433.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839272666.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839317024.png（中，两军对峙的非军事地带）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839616243.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839279893.png（又，执、持），表示手持旌节，出使发生争端的国界和谈。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839317024.png是“中”的繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839745107.png的简写。古远时代以族旗国旗为跨界出行的护照，“中”的本义即两国使者各执国旗争端的国界会谈调停，折中求和。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839592048.png将旗帜状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839191106.png简化成“干”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839524127.png，将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839317024.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839183926.png，导致字形晦涩。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839300681.png则将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839183926.png进一步简化成“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839805250.png。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839202217.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839495403.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839235209.png承续简体甲骨文字形。当“史”的“出使”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839104979.png再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839233164.png（受派遣官员）另造“使”代替。造字本义：动词，手持旌节，代表国家，奉命前往和谈，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的和平文件。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839990150.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839233164.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839323577.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839192371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839728000.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：使，伶也。从人，吏聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：使，摆布，命令。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“吏”作声旁。

30能néng“能”是“熊”的本字。能，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414179974.png像大型动物，字形突出了它的大嘴和利爪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414838871.png。造字本义：名词，体形庞大但善于爬树的熊。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414254991.png突出了圆头、大口利齿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414459051.png、利爪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414793129.png的特征。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414792020.png将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414254991.png分离成四个字件。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414735855.png将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414792020.png中的熊头和大嘴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414459051.png写成“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414974073.png和“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414105065.png。隶书将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414974073.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414957640.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414296547.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414763789.png。当“能”的熊本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022414677718.png再加“火”另造“熊”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：能，熊屬。足似鹿。从肉，㠯聲。能獸堅中，故稱賢能；而彊壯，稱能傑也。凡能之屬皆从能。
附二白话版《说文解字》：能，熊属。足形似鹿。字形采用“肉”作边旁，“㠯”作声旁。能（熊）是兽的中坚，因此称贤者为“能”；而强壮者，则称为“能杰”。所有与能相关的字，都采用“能”作边旁。

31济jì齊，既是声旁也是形旁，表示动作一致，节奏相同。濟，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757278584.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757695360.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757834045.png（水，渡河）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757890701.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757656805.png（齊，相等，统一），表示动作统一划水渡河。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757829711.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，众人在同一船上喊着号子，以统一节奏发劲，整齐划桨，强渡激流。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757101527.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757648716.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757938939.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757237165.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757480969.png。简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757739225.png依据类推简化规则将正体楷书字形中的简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757666753.png。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020757791229.png附一文言版《説文解字》：濟，水。出常山房子贊皇山，東入泜。从水，齊聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：济，河川名。源于常山郡房子县的赞皇山，向东流入泜河。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“齐”作声旁。

32物wù勿，既是声旁也是形旁，是“刎”的本字，表示用刀宰杀，刀刃溅血。物，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401031941365999.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402525970.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032012774777.gif（牛，头部长角、体型粗壮的力畜）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402154791.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032022828483.gif（勿，血溅刀刃），表示用刀杀牛。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032218611608.gif将甲骨文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032249843980.gif和三点血滴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032257596886.gif连写成“勿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032318413169.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032434599451.gif承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，杀牛。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032518910323.gif将篆文字形中的“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401020355694074.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032527314408.gif，将篆文字形中的“勿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032557357030.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032548916239.gif。在中国古代传说中，地上的一切都是神牛下凡造成的，所以用“牛”指代“物”，用“牛”指代一切。杀牛为“物”，解牛为“半”。附一文言版《説文解字》：物，萬物也。牛爲大物；天地之数，起於牽牛，故从牛，勿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：物，万物。牛为大物；天地万物之数，起于牵牛，因此字形采用“牛”作边旁，“勿”作声旁。三1恭俭谦约，所以自守。翻译：虔敬地供奉神龙.(恭）自我约束，不放纵。（俭）对自身的失误或不完善表示愧歉不安，保持深刻自省。（谦）限制进食，省吃俭用。（约）所以便能够自己持械护卫家园，御寇入侵。（神盛志坚欲少可以精神内守）2. 深计远虑，所以不穷翻译：伸手或用工具探测潭底。（深-----自己实际去探测实情）众人七嘴八舌地商议、谋划。（计----商议谋划出来的办法）。带上衣物行囊长途出行。（远---长远）忧患安全，担忧。（虑）所以可以使自己不会出现身居洞穴，身体被迫弯屈、不自由。（穷）的状况。（意实）3亲仁友直，所以扶颠。翻译：亲近（亲----对方无论任何境遇都亲近）尊重人道，相信人性相通，视人若已，同情包容，尤指强势者对弱势者的厚道。（仁）两人结交，协力互助。（友）正视，面对而不回避。（直）可以扶持危局。（搀着病弱或年老的人（扶）巫师头部着地，向祭鼎反复地磕头跪拜（颠））（德正猛兽转德。）4近恕笃行，所以接人翻译：与抱同情、同理之心，站在对方立场去感受，并原谅、宽容对方造成的错误和伤害。（恕）靠近（----使自己修成这样）。给马嘴套上竹笼（笃------心气一，无其他的欲，专心做事）在四通八达的路上行走。（行），所以可以与人交合，会合。（积德）5任材使能，所以济物。翻译：聪明能干，精于办事（任）善于巧用可用于建筑的木料（材）。（----善于巧用可用于建筑的木料。根据其拥有的才智把它放在合适的地方使用。使其才智得到充分发挥。）所以可以使万物在同一船上以统一节奏发劲整齐划桨，强渡激流。（积德）四简单心得：从最素的地方转圆积德。本经是从每个个体来讲这个，而此处则讲到任用他人。组织整个集体如何能够使一个集体做起事情来成为猛兽。自己做为个体能够转得圆，德足，才可以做个领导，把这个大集体转得圆。五吟诵已经完成发群里。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-19 08:33:34

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-19 21:36 编辑

1.19.今天任务：
殚恶斥谗，所以止乱。推古验今，所以不惑。先揆后度，所以应卒。
设变致权，所以解结。括囊顺会，所以无咎。
1殚dān单，既是声旁也是形旁，是“戰”的省略，表示战争、杀戮。殚，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434318455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434603357.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434391538.png（歹，死亡）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434142671.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434922330.png（单，“戰”的省略），表示战斗到死。造字本义：动词，在战场上战斗到死。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434780591.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434391538.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434601971.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434674405.png依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434212154.png，将正体楷书的“單”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434666696.png简化成“单”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434262001.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：殫，殛盡也。从歺，單聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：殚，穷尽。字形采用“歹”作边旁，采用“单”作声旁。

2恶惡，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715253563.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715674128.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715521619.png（亞，位居第二的）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715320259.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715912393.png（心，意愿），表示不如愿的。造字本义：动词，内心无法接受的，反感的。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715551830.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715521619.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715535019.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715912393.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715790534.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“恶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715592029.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“亞”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715408788.png简化成“亚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715524556.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：惡，過也。从心，亞聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：恶，罪过。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“亚”作声旁。

3斥chì“斥”是“㡿”的异体字；“斥”也是“拆”的本字。屰，既是声旁也是形旁，是“逆”的本字，表示反向、逆序。㡿，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118121503602057.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826689234.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118121508129197.gif（广，半开放建筑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105826464923.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118121514619713.gif（倒写的“大”，即“屰”），表示实施“逆向建筑”工程，即部分拆除或完全拆除原有建筑。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118121600847163.gif将金文字形中的“广”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118121508129197.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118121607851116.gif，将籀文字形中倒写的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118121514619713.gif写成“屰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118121613787780.gif。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118095715725571.gif将篆文字形中的“屰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105823606165.png写成“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118095829991964.gif。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105823150853.png将“广”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118100043387365.gif写成“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118100056236721.gif，将“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118095829991964.gif写成“丁”字加一点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/18/20200118100115911556.gif。造字本义：动词，整体拆除或部分拆除建筑，以便在原有建筑基础上改建或扩建。当“斥”的“拆屋”本义消失后，再加“手”另造“拆”代替。古籍多以“斥”代替“㡿”。现代汉语多以“拆”代替“斥”。　
4谗chán毚，既是声旁也是形旁，双“兔”重叠，表示像兔子一样嘴巴动个不停，不断说话。讒，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085424830472.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529801945.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085439317790.gif（言，说话）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529536452.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085447285007.gif（毚，嘴动不停，话语不断），表示不断地说好话。造字本义：动词，不断地用甜言蜜语讨好献媚。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529283896.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085439317790.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529162498.png，将篆文字形中的“毚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085447285007.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529443533.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“谗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085525571425.gif，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529162498.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529738314.png，将正体楷书字形中的“毚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529443533.png简化成“二”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085620986270.gif、“免”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085631143129.gif（“兔”的变形）构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085640911953.gif。“谗”是用甜言蜜语献媚当权者；“谄”是是恶语诅咒，毁谤陷害。附一文言版《説文解字》：讒，譖也。从言，毚聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：谗，说别人的坏话。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“毚”作声旁。

5所suǒ斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斫”的省略，表示刀斧砍、削。所，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061551504926.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108495674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif（户，门窗，借代房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108578877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif（斤，即“斫”的省略，用刀斧砍、削），表示伐木筑屋。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061650124601.gif将金文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif。造字本义：动词，木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061741580887.gif将篆文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061749571171.gif，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061756848163.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：所，伐木聲也。从斤，戶聲。《诗》曰：“伐木所所。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：所，砍伐树木的声音。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“户”作声旁。《诗经》有诗句唱道：“挥斧伐木，所所传响。”

6以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

7止zhǐ“止”是“趾”的本字。止，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143868709.png是象形字，字形像一幅脚掌剪影，像脚趾头张开的脚掌形状，以三趾代五趾。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143996360.png简化为线描。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143584182.png变形较大，淡化脚掌形象，突出三趾叉开的形状。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143990647.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，张开脚趾的脚掌，站立并支撑身体、或支撑身体行走的器官。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111143105941.png略有变形。当“止”的“脚趾”本义消失后，篆文再加“足”另造“趾”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：止，下基也。象艸木出有址，故以止爲足。凡止之屬皆从止。
附二白话版《说文解字》：止，事物的底基。像草木长出地面有根茎的基址一样，所以古人用“止”表示“足”。所有与止相关的字，都采用“止”作边旁。

8乱luànhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png，既是声旁也是形旁，金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734410846.png像纺织者手工https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734898356.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734977974.png整理纺织机https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734777355.png上散乱或混杂无序的丝线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734296907.png，使丝线条理有序，便于纺织。亂，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734971218.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734321764.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png，手工整理织机上混杂无序的丝线）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734749129.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734345965.png（乙，织机上的丝线），表示织机上的丝线混杂无序。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734619456.png将金文字形的左右结构调整成上中下结构。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734635507.png将金文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png。造字本义：形容词，织机上的丝线混杂无序。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734647048.png将篆文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png，将篆文字形中的“乙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734706898.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734245274.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734904614.png依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734622467.png，用“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”（正体楷书省略“舌”而写作“辭”；俗体楷书省略“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png”而写作“辞”）省略成的“舌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734835707.png代替正体楷书字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png。古籍中，“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734578600.png”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734849481.png”，后来多由“治”合并代替；“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”后来多由“辭”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：亂，治也。从乙，乙，治之也；从data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：乱，理清杂丝。字形采用“乙”作边旁，“乙”表示理清纷杂的丝绪。字形也采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁。

9推tuī隹，既是声旁也是形旁，是“锥”的省略，表示利器。推，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502104924513543.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522767375.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502104935438160.gif（隹，即“锥”的省略）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522322312.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502104945414262.gif（攴，持械击打），表示持锥击打。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093443360505.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522767375.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093455982783.gif（手，用力）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522322312.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093506524026.gif（隹，即“锥”的省略），表示在锥子上发力。造字本义：动词，用锥器向前撞击。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522536883.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093455982783.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522393570.png，失去五指形象；将篆文字形中的“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093506524026.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093515323980.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：推，排也。从手，隹聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：推，用手施力使物体滑动移开。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“隹”作声旁。

10古gǔ古，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828640943.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828152651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828217415.png（口，言说）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828781641.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828794019.png（十，极多），表示无数代先人口口相传的久远时代。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828677523.png在“古”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828433048.png的字形基础上再加一个“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828325343.png，强调“古”的“传说”含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828414115.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828794019.png写成明确的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828719188.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828685097.png将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828719188.png写成明确的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828788227.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828977006.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828600851.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829583134.png（言说），强调“古”与“言说”的关系。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829349920.png在“古”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829725623.png的字形基础上加“三十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829891485.png，极力强调传说年代之漫长。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829116127.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828685097.png。造字本义：名词，在漫长的过去岁月中被一代代传说的久远时代。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829166048.png承续篆文字形。“古”是传说中难以追述的久远时代，“昔”是发生大洪荒的远古时代，“古”比“昔”更遥远。附一文言版《説文解字》：古，故也。从十、口。識前言者也。凡古之屬皆从古。
附二白话版《说文解字》：古，故旧。字形采用“十、口”会义。表示能记忆先人圣语的人。所有与古相关的字，都采用“古”作边旁。

11验yàn僉，既是声旁也是形旁，是“檢”的省略，表示查对、核实。驗，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421661357.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421114905.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421657132.png（馬，力畜）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421397384.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421331107.png（即“檢”，核查），表示相马师检测马匹。造字本义：动词，相马师检查、测试马匹。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421367148.png将篆文“马”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421657132.png的四足写成“四点底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421959744.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421165588.png将篆文字形中的“馬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421657132.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421505835.png，将篆文字形中的“僉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421331107.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421524876.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“验”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421618731.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“馬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421505835.png简化成“马”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421726540.png，将正体楷书字形中的“僉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421524876.png简化成“佥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104421912226.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：驗，馬名。从馬，僉聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：验，一种马的名称。字形采用“马”作边旁，“佥”作声旁。

12今jīn“今”是“吟”的本字。今，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837645511.png是特殊指事字，是“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837854455.png的倒写，表示头朝下说话。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837622488.png在倒写的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837585112.png下面再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837390887.png，写成倒写的“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837118933.png。“曰”表示抬头朝明确的对象说话；倒“曰”为“今”，“今”表示低头模模糊糊地自言自语。倒写、反写是古代特殊的指事造字法。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837767467.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837515826.png将短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837390887.png写成折笔https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837603983.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837340368.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，低头吟语。当“今”的“低吟”本义消失后，篆文再加“口”另造“吟”、加“口”另造“含”、加“心”另造“念”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：今，是時也。从亼从乁。乁，古文及。
附二白话版《说文解字》：今，此时。字形采用“亼、乁”。“乁”，这是古文写法的“及”。

13不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

14惑huò或，既是声旁也是形旁，表示不确定。惑，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847413985.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847889724.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847718400.png（或，不确定）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847889473.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847185878.png（心）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847109349.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，心乱，不明确。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847640101.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847596448.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847220689.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847938079.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847654590.png。“疑”生于对外部的无知，致知即可释疑；“惑”生于内心的混乱，心乱则生于贪欲——“四十不惑”是指人到中年，能够看清自己真正的欲求而得明智。附一文言版《説文解字》：惑，亂也。从心，或聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：惑，内心迷乱。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“或”作声旁。

15先xiān“先”是“兟”的本字。千，既是声旁也是形旁，是“迁”的本字，表示移动。先，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128355094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128263065.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128596674.png（之，即“趾”，借代腿脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128370204.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128427827.png（人，是“千”的省略，亦即“迁”的省略，移动），表示抢在他人之前到达。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128918239.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128293248.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，抢在他人之前到达。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128365909.png将篆文字形中的“之”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128136228.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128589016.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128512674.png写成“儿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128456593.png。古籍多以“先”代替“兟”。附一文言版《説文解字》：先，前進也。从儿，从之。凡先之屬皆从先。
附二白话版《说文解字》：先，前进。字形采用“儿、之”会义。所有与先相关的字，都采用“先”作边旁。

16
17揆kuí“癸”是“揆”的本字。癸，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905946554.png是个指事字：纵横交错的“乂”形指事符号表示东西与南北方向。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905660386.png在“乂”形符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905238819.png的四个方位上各加一短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905291099.png，表示用仪器测量方位。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905974798.png将表示方位的短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905379734.png误写成“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905978346.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905971236.png进一步突出了四个“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905941492.png的字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905567715.png承续金文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905219228.png误将篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905567715.png上部的个“又”写成两个“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905742669.png，误将篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905567715.png下部的两个“又”误成“矢”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905270947.png，变成会义结构。当“癸”的本义消失后，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905283203.png再加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905603153.png另造“揆”代替，强调手工测量。造字本义：动词，用仪器手工测量精确方位。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905792778.png将籀文字形中“癸”的上部https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905743373.png误写成两个“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905479662.png，将下部https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905310413.png误写成“矢”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905602523.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905809250.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905525373.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905261391.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905484735.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023905892525.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：揆，葵也。从手，癸聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：揆，度量。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“癸”作声旁。

18后hòu“司”与“后”本同源，后分化。口，既是声旁也是形旁，表示嘴巴，发音、说话的器官。后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822929950.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822833846.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822880752.png（卜，权杖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822122224.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822124534.png（口，嘴巴，借代号令、命令），表示发号施令的最高权力者。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822266207.png将甲骨文字形中的写成。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822697620.png承续金文字形。卜辞中有的甲骨文以“毓”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822354943.png代“后”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822929950.png，表示生育能力强的妇女。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822546111.png将“后”成“反司”，以区别于一般意义上的掌权者“司”。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822987091.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822461281.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822681413.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，生殖崇拜的母系氏族时代发号施令的女王。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822526710.png继承篆文字形。《汉字简化方案》用“后”合并代替“後”。在生殖崇拜的母系时代，社会最高权力者为智慧而生殖力强的妇女“后”；进入父系社会后，最高权力掌握在能征善战的男性手里，“后”的地位由女王下降为第一女性。附一文言版《説文解字》：后，繼體君也。象人之形。施令以告四方，故⺁之。从一口，發令者，君后也。凡后之屬皆从后。
附二白话版《说文解字》：后，继承王位的君主。data:image/png;base64,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象人之形。发布号令通告天下四方，所以广布。字形采用“一、口”会义，发号施令者，就是君王之后。所有与后
相关的字，都采用“后”作边旁。

19度duóhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636846154.png，既是声旁也是形旁，是“庶”省略，即为“庶”的上半部，表示石块。度，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636711549.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636565234.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636725813.png（石，即“庶”的省略，石块、石料）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636968707.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636165749.png（又，抓持、测量），表示建筑施工时设计师或石匠测量、评估石料。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636584256.png将甲骨文字形中“庶”的省略https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636725813.png写成“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636617828.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636817973.png。造字本义：动词，测量、评估石料。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636978834.png将篆文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636617828.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636817973.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636662846.png，将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636521436.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636967623.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：度，法制也。从又，庶省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：度，法制所依据的标准。字形采用“又”作边旁，采用省略了“四点底”的“庶”作声旁。

20应yìng雁，既是声旁也是形旁，表示迁徙飞行时能息息相通、善于配合的大型候鸟天鹅。應，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075207936273.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104443801302.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075217243904.gif（疑为“雁”的变形，息息相通、善于配合的候鸟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104443791666.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075225838318.gif（心，意念），表示像大雁一样意念相通。造字本义：动词，彼此存在息息相通的共鸣，能默契地彼此配合，彼此影响。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075251580154.gif将篆文字形中的“雁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075217243904.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075309202652.gif，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075225838318.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075323294719.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“应”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104443429728.png，依据狂草字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075401978182.gif对正体楷书字形进行整体简化，将正体楷书字形中的“雁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075309202652.gif简写成“广”加三点的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075534446650.gif，将正体楷书字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075323294719.gif简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075514379629.gif。光影的折射为“映”，强调客观性；对某一事物的反响为“应”，强调主观性。附一文言版《説文解字》：應，當也。从心，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：应，当，该。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

21卒zú卒，甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731291654.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731442002.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731581706.png（衣，服装）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731741795.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731787610.png（爻，交错捆绑），在衣服上交错捆绑，也就是用绳索在裹尸布上交错捆绑，表示远古抛葬仪式前敛尸者给死者整理并固定衣着。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731620283.png将交错捆绑的绳索https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731787610.png简化成一撇指事符号。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731846604.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，死亡后敛尸备葬。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731836726.png将篆文字形中的一撇https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731824550.png写成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731404025.png；将篆文字形中的两袖两襟形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731950822.png写成两个“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731285152.png，至此“衣”形尽失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105731996180.png继承隶书字形。附一文言版《説文解字》：卒，隸人給事者衣爲卒。卒，衣有題識者。
附二白话版《说文解字》：卒，隶役听差者穿的衣服上写着“卒”字。卒，是隶役衣服上标记其听差身份的符号。

22设shè設，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055117626385.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023520389200.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055124386105.gif（言，商议、谋划）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023520748644.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055133228660.gif（“役”的简写，战斗、作战），表示谋划作战。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055152899408.gif将金文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055124386105.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055249988010.gif，将金文字形中的“役”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055133228660.gif写成“殳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055256477640.gif。造字本义：动词，布署兵力，指挥战斗。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055305151733.gif将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055249988010.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055315635256.gif，将篆文字形中的“殳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055256477640.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055346260114.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“设”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023520164948.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401055315635256.gif简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023520708860.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：設，施陳也。从言，从殳。殳，使人也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：设，布置、陈列。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“殳”作声旁。殳，表示役使人。

23变biàn变，既是声旁也是形旁，是“戀”的本字，表示相恋双方纪录誓言、信守誓言。變，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150460673.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150501713.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150285943.png（变，“戀”，誓言相爱）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150314307.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150734805.png（攴，打击、破坏），表示背信毁约。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150772222.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，违背誓言，中断恋情。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150757607.png将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150561871.png简化成“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150320234.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150829771.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150393252.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150806271.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150561871.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150919688.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“变”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150276894.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150433774.png，将正体楷书字形中的“变”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150806271.png简化成“亦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023150643300.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：變，更也。从攴，䜌聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：变，更改。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“䜌”作声旁。

24致zhì至，既是声旁也是形旁，表示到达、抵达。致，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153580458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153565638.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153292407.png（至，到）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153863507.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153340658.png（人，行者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153482384.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153523879.png（夂，倒写的“止”，脚趾），表示走到目的地。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153995462.png省略金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153340658.png。造字本义：动词，走到，到达。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153330169.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153495619.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153174373.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153278181.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111153472188.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：致，送詣也。从夊，从至。
附二白话版《说文解字》：致，送到。字形采用“夂、至”会义。

25权quán雚，既是声旁也是形旁，是“勸”的省略，表示上级勉励下级。權，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512368672.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512344871.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512628376.png（木，杖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512508059.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512919186.png（雚，即“勸”，上级勉励下级），表示手杖所代表的上对下的支配资格。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512267406.png将金文字形中的“勸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512919186.png省去“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512897411.png，简化为“雚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512266455.png。造字本义：名词，手杖所代表的决策、支配的资格，影响环境的势力。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512675879.png将篆文字形中的“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512914163.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512964152.png，将篆文字形中的“雚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512266455.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512582600.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“权”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512656493.png，依据类推简化原则将正体楷书的“雚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512582600.png简化为“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021512308992.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：權，黃華木。从木，雚聲。一曰反常。
附二白话版《说文解字》：权，黃华木。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“雚”作声旁。一种说法认为，“权”是反常。

26解jiě角，既是声旁也是形旁，表示兽头上弯曲坚硬的自卫器官。解，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043318230023.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408323166.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043326813363.gif（双手，抓持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408825957.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043333703521.gif（角，兽头上弯曲坚硬的自卫器官）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408825957.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043344126904.gif（牛，长角的动物），表示屠夫双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043326813363.gif从牛的头https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043344126904.gif上剖取牛角https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043333703521.gif，牛角上的两点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043354823101.gif，表示血滴。取牛角，是剖牛过程中技术最复杂、最具代表性的步骤，因此用取牛角代表剖牛。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043427489187.gif基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043437631969.gif将金文字形中的“角”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043615835293.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043701838693.gif，将金文字形中的“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043623472380.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812045724933049.gif，并省去金文字形中的两手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043458284525.gif，另加“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043510806555.gif（切割），强调剖宰，字形结构有所调整。造字本义：动词，剖牛，取牛角。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043642137376.gif将篆文字形中的“角”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043701838693.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043739268335.gif，将篆文字形中的“刀”和“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043806831868.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043817156140.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：解，判也。从刀判牛角。一曰解廌，獸也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：解，分开，剖开。字形采用“刀”作边旁，表示用刀判牛角。一种说法认为，是解廌，剖解兽体。

27结jié吉，既是声旁也是形旁，表示喜庆。結，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145488105.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145565223.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145341451.png（糸，绸带）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145319887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145977083.png（吉，喜庆），表示喜庆的红绸带。造字本义：动词，古代婚庆仪式上，新郎用一根红绸带拉着新娘入洞房，红绸带中间穿成死疙瘩，象征彼此姻缘已牢固联接，不可分解。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145434720.png将篆文字形中的“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145341451.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145685465.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“结”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145326329.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145685465.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145671888.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：結，締也。从糸，吉聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：结，丝线绞织在一起不可分解。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用“吉”作声旁。

28括kuòhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514576004.png既是声旁也是形旁，是“刮”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514799530.png的省略，表示干净、彻底地收拾。括，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514888200.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514941332.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514801747.png（手，抱）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514227517.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514553662.png（“刮”的省略，干净、彻底地收拾），表示全部、彻底地抱住。造字本义：动词，完全、彻底地抱在手里。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514391543.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514801747.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514844301.png，失去五指形象；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514553662.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514966396.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：括，絜也。从手，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：括，捆扎。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

29囊náng囊，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745406451.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745218463.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745772312.png（“東”的略写，古代用布和木棍包扎成的行李包）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745176691.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745913131.png（西，装行李的布袋），表示装在行李包里面的各种物品。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745381520.png将金文字形中的“西”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745913131.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745412394.png，表示行李包https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745380466.png的里面装满各种可吃食品“吅”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745306695.png、一器多用的工具https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745589168.png、以及各种用品“爻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745937947.png。造字本义：名词，古代装行李的布包、布袋。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745391581.png将篆文字形中的“束”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745681502.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745710778.png，将篆文字形中的“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745380466.png简化成“突宝盖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745716090.png，将篆文字形中表示杂物的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745874347.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745765417.png，并加“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745470364.png（旅行衣物）。古人称男人肩扛的行李包为“東”；称女人手提的行李布袋为“西”；将“東”和“西”统称为“囊”。附一文言版《説文解字》：囊，橐也。从㯻省，襄省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：囊，袋子。字形采用省略了“豕”的“㯻”作边旁，采用省略了“衣”的“襄”作声旁。

30顺shùn川，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水流。順，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155529665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155402416.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155849853.png（川，水流）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155991203.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155746893.png（見，即“頁”，头脑，借代思虑），表示思绪舒畅。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155840182.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155997226.png用“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155304135.png代替“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155746893.png，表示心情舒畅。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155134133.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155958994.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155590622.png。造字本义：形容词，心情舒畅，没有郁结。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155510046.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155590622.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155988293.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“顺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155347507.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155328918.png简化成“页”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155859597.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：順，理也。从頁，从巛。
附二白话版《说文解字》：顺，梳理，使有序。字形采用“页、巛”会义。

31会huì“會”是“燴”的本字，“徻”是“會”的异体字。會，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822504794.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822466166.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822235816.png（合，合并）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822418141.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822120502.png（米，米饭，代主食），表示将菜肴与米饭主食同锅合煮。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822674930.png将食物“米”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822120502.png写成两团食物揉合状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822853118.png，进一步明确“合煮”的烹调法含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822136143.png误将金文字形中的食物揉合状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822853118.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822867680.png，并误将金文字形下端的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/24/20200224051636797525.gif写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/24/20200224051645632402.gif。造字本义：动词，把主食米饭和菜肴混合在一起烹煮。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822139089.png基本承续篆文字形。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“会”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822619215.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822794740.png，对繁体楷书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104822381336.png进行大幅度整体简化。当“會”的“合煮”本义消失后，后代楷书再加“火”（炊煮）另造“燴”代替，强调炊煮”的含义。表示本义时，古籍多以“燴”代替“會”。表示“相遇、聚集”以及相关引申义时，古籍多以“會”代替“徻”。《汉字简化方案》用“會”合并代替“徻”。附一文言版《説文解字》：會，合也。从亼，从曾省。曾，益也。㣛，古文会如此。
附二白话版《说文解字》：会，集合。字形采用“亼”和省略了两点的“曾”会义。“曾”表示增益。㣛，古文写法的“会”就写成这样。

32无wú无，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735836604.png是指事字，字形在表示“秃头”的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png字上加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735927534.png指事符号，表示全秃，强调“兀”的程度。造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735914971.png将篆文字形中的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735676357.png。“兀”是秃顶；“无”是全秃，完全光头。附一文言版《説文解字》：無，亡也。从亡，無聲。无，奇字无，通于元者。王育说，天屈西北为无。
附二白话版《说文解字》：無，没有。字形采用“亡”作边旁，采用“無”作声旁。“无”，这是一个奇字，是“元”的撇画向上贯通而产生的奇字。王育说，天穹向西北弓屈叫作“无”。

33咎jiù“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849383237.png”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849783009.png”的本字；而“咎”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849783009.png”的异体字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849383237.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849160960.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849571109.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849550694.png（倒写的“止”，践踏泄愤）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849107461.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849166551.png（人，过失者），表示践踏过失者以泄愤。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849946551.png加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849465373.png（说话）写成“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849783009.png”，强调“批评、斥责”的含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849566677.png将甲骨文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849458604.png写成双“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849143130.png，强调“贬低、毁谤”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849598298.png承续繁体甲骨文字形“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849869328.png”。造字本义：动词，责备过失，追究罪过。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849811454.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849526606.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849219573.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849338159.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849934120.png，但字形由篆文的左右结构变成上“处”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849262168.png、下“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849139880.png的上下结构。附一文言版《説文解字》：咎，災也。从人，从各。各者，相違也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：咎，灾祸。字形采用“人、各”会义。各，表示相违背。
今天任务：
1殚恶斥谗，所以止乱。2推古验今，所以不惑。3先揆后度，所以应卒。
4设变致权，所以解结。5括囊顺会，所以无咎。三翻译：1. 殚恶斥谗，所以止乱。翻译：1.与内心无法接受的，反感的（恶）在战场上战斗到死。(殚）整体拆除或部分拆除建筑，以便在原有建筑基础上改建或扩建。不断地用甜言蜜语讨好献媚（谗）。所以可以张开脚趾的脚掌，站立并支撑身体、或支撑身体行走的器官（止）。使织机上的丝线停止混杂无序。（志坚） 2推古验今，所以不惑。翻译：用锥器向前撞击（推）。在漫长的过去岁月中被一代代传说的久远时代（古）。相马师检查、测试马匹（验）。此时（今）。不会有生于内心的混乱。（检验）3先揆后度，所以应卒。翻译：抢在他人之前到达。（先）用仪器手工测量精确方位。（揆）被捆绑的战俘或奴隶，跟在押送者的后面。（后）测量、评估石料。（度）所以彼此存在息息相通的共鸣，能默契地彼此配合，彼此影响。突然的，迅猛的的（猝通卒）。（损兑） 4布署兵力，指挥战斗。（设）违背誓言，中断恋情。（变）走到，到达。（至）手杖所代表的决策、支配的资格，影响环境的势力（权）所以剖牛，取牛角（解）古代婚庆仪式上，新郎用一根红绸带拉着新娘入洞房，红绸带中间穿成死疙瘩，象征彼此姻缘已牢固联接，不可分解。（结）5. 完全、彻底地抱在手里（括）。古代装行李的布包、布袋。（囊）形容词，心情舒畅，没有郁结。（顺）把主食米饭和菜肴混合在一起烹煮。（会）所以，头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）责备过失，追究罪过（咎）四简单心得：如何应对局势混乱，--------殚恶斥馋---------在战场上战斗到死。整体拆除或部分拆除建筑，以便在原有建筑基础上改建或扩建。如何应对内心混乱----------推古验今-----向前撞击，检查，测试。如何应对突然发生的事情---------先揆后度-----用仪器手工测量精确方位。测量、评估如何应对生活中解不开的的死结---------应时而变。布署、指挥到达权力。如何使自己无过失，不被追究罪过------括囊顺会-------完全，彻底，抱在手里，心情舒畅，混合在一起煮。想到这句：无间则不散势，散势者，待间而动，动势分矣。审于唱和，以间见间，动变明而威可分。五吟诵已经发到群里面。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-19 21:35:22

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-22 20:55 编辑

1

睿涵发表于 2021-1-20 10:52:20

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-20 11:53 编辑

1.20今天任务：
结合对第三章的整体把握，理解这两句：
橛橛梗梗，所以立功。孜孜淑淑，所以保终。
1橛jué“橛”是“橜”的异体字。厥，既是声旁也是形旁，是“撅”的省略，表示折断。橜，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344141125.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344129257.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344570016.png（厥，即“撅”，折断）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344249635.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344727880.png（木，树），表示折断树木。造字本义：动词，将树木或木棍折断。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344588113.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344570016.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344742895.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344727880.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344593211.png。楷书异体字“橛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021344683958.png调整成左右结构。古籍多以“橛”代替“橜”。附一文言版《説文解字》：橜，弋也。从木，厥聲。一曰門梱也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：橜，短木桩。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“厥”作声旁。另一种说法认为，作门限的木棍。

2梗gěng更，既是声旁也是形旁，表示敲钟。梗，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401124003.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401100793.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401691225.png（木，棍棒）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401518240.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401828064.png（更，敲钟），表示敲钟的棍棒。造字本义：名词，敲钟的棒椎。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401753297.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401691225.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401408797.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401828064.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021401389360.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：梗，山枌榆。有朿，莢可爲蕪夷者。从木，更聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：梗，山榆树。有刺，榆树长的荚果可作芜夷。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“更”作声旁。

3所suǒ斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斫”的省略，表示刀斧砍、削。所，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061551504926.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108495674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif（户，门窗，借代房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108578877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif（斤，即“斫”的省略，用刀斧砍、削），表示伐木筑屋。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061650124601.gif将金文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif。造字本义：动词，木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061741580887.gif将篆文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061749571171.gif，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061756848163.gif。
附一文言版《説文解字》：所，伐木聲也。从斤，戶聲。《诗》曰：“伐木所所。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：所，砍伐树木的声音。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“户”作声旁。《诗经》有诗句唱道：“挥斧伐木，所所传响。”

4以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

5立lì立，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738211135.png是指事字，字形在一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738591478.png的脚底加一横表示地面的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738919956.png，表示站在地上。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738823468.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738526031.png将站着的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738591478.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738809649.png。造字本义：动词，站在地上。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104738703538.png基本承续篆文字形。附一文言版《説文解字》：立，住也。从大立一之上。凡立之屬皆从立。
附二白话版《说文解字》：立，站住。采用“大”作边旁，在“大”的下面加一横指事符号，表示立于“一”之上。所有与立相关的字，都采用“立”作边旁。

6功gōng工，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巧妙用力的器械。功，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148686314.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148215869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148506664.png（工，巧具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148612864.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png（力，使劲），表示利用器械，巧妙发力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148702673.png将金文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png。造字本义：动词，运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148707230.png将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148674042.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：功，以勞定國也。从力，从工，工亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：功，费心费力，使国家安宁。字形采用“力、工”会义，“工”也作声旁。

7孜zī子，既是声旁也是形旁，表示幼儿。孜，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726427362.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726186273.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726904677.png（子，幼儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726558405.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726549851.png（攴，执械体罚），表示体罚学子。造字本义：动词，体罚、教训，督促孩子勤学苦练。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726982087.png将篆文字形中的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726904677.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726504232.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726549851.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726101962.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：孜，汲汲也。从攴，子聲。《周書》曰：“孜孜無怠。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：孜，勤勉不怠。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“子”作声旁。《周书》上说：“孜孜不怠。”

8淑shū叔，既是声旁也是形旁，是“俶”的省略，表示美好。淑，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731902877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731211738.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731760098.png（水，清澈）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731126570.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731296333.png（叔，即“俶”，美好），表示水质清纯美好。造字本义：形容词，水质清纯美好。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731570063.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731760098.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731449102.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731296333.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731218635.png。有的隶书将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731218635.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020731582530.png。古籍中“淑”常假借“俶”。附一文言版《説文解字》：淑，清湛也。从水，叔聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：淑，水清又深。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“叔”作声旁。

9保bǎo抱，既是声旁也是形旁，表示用双臂搂着。保，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841345680.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841111040.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841583350.png（反抱，双手从背后搂着）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841983590.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841959281.png（子，幼儿），表示反抱孩子，即用双手将孩子背在背上。背子求安，这是中国古代的养育传统，因为古代的幼儿除了野兽袭击、拐卖的威胁之外，还面临饥饿、虫害、水火等各种危险，父母外出或下地时，只有把孩子背在自己背上最安全。古人将小孩用背带兜住屁股背在肩上的传统一直沿续到现代。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841580702.png写作“仔”，表示大人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841379591.png（父母）怀抱的幼儿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841394258.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841603650.png承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841345680.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841362389.png误将搂孩子的手写成一撇https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841633195.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841950669.png则误将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841345680.png中的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841959281.png和搂抱孩子的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841400448.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841417380.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841748633.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841950669.png。造字本义：动词，将幼儿背在背上以免各种意外。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841393062.png将篆文字形中似“子”非“子”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841417380.png定形成“呆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104841592582.png，至此字形面目全非。附一文言版《説文解字》：保，養也。从人，从data:image/png;base64,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省。data:image/png;base64,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，古文孚。data:image/png;base64,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，古文保。data:image/png;base64,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，古文保不省。
附二白话版《说文解字》：保，养护幼儿。字形采用“人”和省略了“爪”的“data:image/png;base64,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”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“孚”字。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“保”字。data:image/png;base64,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，这也是古文的“保”字，不省略“爪”。

10终zhōng“冬”是“终”的本字。冬，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127270147.png为象形字，像在纪事的绳子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127928625.png的两端打结https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127326811.png（参见“系”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127967438.png），表示记录终结。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127718923.png将实心的绳结https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127326811.png写成空心的小圈https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127118163.png，突出“终结”形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127133624.png将两端的绳结移到中间。当https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127270147.png的“终结”本义消失后，有的金文写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127917279.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127907677.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127126292.png（终结）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127520201.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127964965.png（日，时间），表示一个纪时周期的结束，即年终的季节。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127513552.png将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127133624.png中的两个绳结相连成直线，写成与“牢”相似的字形。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127674004.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127917279.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127876074.png省去籀文字形中的“日”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127964965.png，同时加“仌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127147845.png（冰），突出年终下霜结冰的季候特征。当“冬”的“终结”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127833910.png再加“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127367629.png（结绳）另造“终”代替。造字本义：动词，一个结绳纪事主题的完成。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127106891.png将篆文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127247812.png，将篆文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127983970.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“终”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127484865.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127247812.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127843542.png。古人根据四季的特征与节奏，总结出天人合一、顺其自然的养生之道：春生，夏长，秋收，冬藏。附一文言版《説文解字》：終，絿絲也。从糸，冬聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文终字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：终，将丝线缠紧。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用“冬”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“终”字。1.20今天任务：
三翻译：结合对第三章的整体把握，理解这两句：
橛橛梗梗，所以立功。孜孜淑淑，所以保终。1将树木或木棍折断。将树木或木棍折断。敲钟的棒椎。敲钟的棒椎。木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门，母子脐带相连。形神特征相传站在地上。（立）运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。（功）翻译：不断的将敲钟的棒椎折断所以才可能做到站在地上运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。（不断的练习掌握巧妙发力的道才能立功。）2体罚、教训，督促孩子勤学苦练。体罚、教训，督促孩子勤学苦练。水质清纯美好。水质清纯美好。木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门，母子脐带相连。形神特征相传站在地上。将幼儿背在背上以免各种意外。一个结绳纪事主题的完成。翻译：不断的体罚，教训，督促自己勤学苦练，一直保持水质清纯美好。所以才能够保证事情的圆满成功完成。四简单体会：句中说了两个橛，两个梗梗，两个孜，两个淑我认为是表达要不断的做这几个动作。说明要立功，要把事还必须做圆满，要做到前面的那些绝嗜禁欲，抑非损恶，贬酒阙色，避嫌远疑，博学切问，高行微言，恭俭谦约，深计远虑，亲仁友直，近恕笃行，任材使能，殚恶斥谗，推古验领今，先揆后度，设变致权，括囊顺会要不断地坚持不懈的来勤学苦练，不断的实践琢磨才可做到。才可达到得万世之道，应万世之变，治万世之事，通万世之权，可立万世之功。是谓，可以保终。
五吟诵已经发群

睿涵发表于 2021-1-20 11:51:35

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-20 11:54 编辑

1.20

睿涵发表于 2021-1-21 18:34:02

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-21 23:44 编辑

1.21今天任务：
第四章本德宗道
夫志心笃行之术。
长莫长于博谋，安莫安于忍辱，先莫先于修德，乐莫乐于好善，神莫神于至诚，明莫明于体物，吉莫吉于知足1 本běn本，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308160567.png是指事字，字形在树https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308432323.png的根部加三点指事符号，表示树在地下的营养器官。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308601831.png在树https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308142523.png的下方加倒三角https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308418790.png，表示扎入地下的根系。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308619864.png将根部的三点简写成一横。造字本义：名词，树的根部。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308380535.png将篆文字形中的树枝形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308401488.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308195765.png。“木”是象形字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308335732.png像一株树，上部是枝下部是根；“本”是指事字，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308160567.png在树根部位加三点指事符号，表示树在地下的营养器官；“末”是指事字，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308188902.png在树梢部位加一点指事符号，表示尾端；“未”是象形字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308148182.png像树上枝桠重重，表示枝叶茂盛；“果”是象形字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308241017.png像树上结满球状实籽；“朱”是指事字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308537627.png在主杆部位加一点指事符号，表示树干；“林”是会义字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308689451.png像树连树的样子；“森”是会义字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021308997387.png比“林”多一“木”，表示“森”为“大林”。附一文言版《説文解字》：本，木下曰本。从木，一在其下。
附二白话版《说文解字》：本，树的下部叫“本”。字形采用“木”作边旁，指事符号“一”表示位置在树的下部。

2德dé彳，既是声旁也是形旁，是“得”的省略，表示获取、获得。德，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041257745545.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837225440.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png（彳，即“得”的省略，获取、获得）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837866515.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif（直，正而不邪，正派），表示得之正直，获之坦荡。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041240894493.gif用“行”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710110159217942.gif代替“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041336410940.gif将甲骨文字形中的“直”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041354584923.gif。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041406537278.gif加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif，强调“获之坦荡、问心无愧”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041422113657.gif将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710111040240035.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112334167420.gif，将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112410276781.gif。造字本义：动词，正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105542901804.gif将篆文字形中的“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105641705926.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105554263876.gif，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041605448899.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105604977998.gif。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。古籍中“德”与“得”有时因同音而相互假借。附一文言版《説文解字》：德，升也。从彳，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：德，境界因善行而升华。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

3宗zōng宗，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726522455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726976101.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726850436.png（宀，屋宇）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726620281.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726562279.png（示，祭拜祝祷），表示专供祭祀的屋宇。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726100305.png将字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726522455.png中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726846199.png（一，表示天）写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726726883.png（二，即“上”），强调向上苍祭拜。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726678870.png在“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726498662.png上加“兮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726940668.png（模模糊糊地发音），强调祭祀时语音模糊的念祷吟诵。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726820295.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726208994.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，专门用于献祭崇拜祖先的祖庙。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726427121.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726455835.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726710137.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726993992.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726351075.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：宗，尊祖廟也。从宀，从示。附二白话版《说文解字》：宗，尊祖祭祀的庙堂。字形采用“宀、示”会义。

4道dào“道”是“導”（导）的本字。道，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836894167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836554347.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836133938.png（行，四通的大路）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836372092.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png（人，行者），表示一个人行走在路上。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836258017.png用“首”和“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png代替甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836414138.png，“首”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836280016.png表示动脑筋；“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png表示行走，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836991804.png表示且思且行。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836102632.png用“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png（抓）代替“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836683809.png（行走），表示牵拉引路。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836888275.png用由“爪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836705741.png（抓）、“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836350364.png（抓）、“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png（说明）构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836700412.png代替https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836661219.png，强调“牵引、说明、向导”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836506414.png综合金文字形，省去“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836142466.png和“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836369984.png。造字本义：动词，向导、带路，给不知方向的人引路。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836389770.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836456657.png写成“走之底””https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836339143.png；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836387940.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836820568.png。当“道”的“向导”本义消失后，篆文再加“寸”另造“導”代替。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。附一文言版《説文解字》：道，所行道也。从辵，从首。一達謂之道。
附二白话版《说文解字》：道，人们所走的路。字形采用“辵、首”会义。直达的大路叫作“道”。

5夫fū夫，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744820980.png是指事字，字形在“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744443474.png（成人）的头部加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744360984.png，代表发簪。造字本义：名词，系束头发、并用发簪固定头发的成年男子。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744277307.png承续甲骨文字形。古人认为须发是父母所赐，不可剪除，因此年纪越大头发越长；也因此发簪成为成年男子所必需。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744234128.png基本承续金文字形。古人以束发、加冠为男子的成年仪式：男子15至16岁束发，标志着告别童少时期，成为合法公民，国家可以征用；男子20岁加冠，表示成年，可以婚配。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744571082.png承续篆文字形。附一文言版《説文解字》：夫，丈夫也。从大，一以象簪也。周制以八寸爲尺，十尺爲丈。人長八尺，故曰丈夫。凡夫之屬皆从夫。
附二白话版《说文解字》：夫，成年男子。字形采用“大”作边旁，用一划表示成年男子头发上的簪子。周代的长度制度，将八寸算作一尺，将十尺算作一丈。成年男子身高达到八尺丈把，所以称成年男子为“丈夫”。所有与夫相关的字，都采用“夫”作边旁。

6志zhì之，既是声旁也是形旁，表示前往。志，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158707301.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158112800.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158663636.png（之，前往）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158840570.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158181572.png（心，思想），表示心之所向。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158798908.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：心之所向，即内心追求的目标。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158303283.png误将篆文字形中的“之”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158857048.png写成“士”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158302087.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158442535.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105158642321.png。古籍常假借“志”代替“誌”。《汉字简化方案》用“志”合并代替“誌”。现代汉语中常常“意志”并用，“意”与“志”，同属心理能量，区别在于：“意”为心念，可源于本能可出自观念，但都即兴而多变，故曰三心二意乃人之常情；“志”为最深刻的心念，是特别的“意”，多化于教育，具有强烈的理性、稳定性、长期性，故曰“有志者事竟成”。附一文言版《説文解字》：志，意也。从心，之聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：志，意愿。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“之”作声旁。

7心xīn心，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157931172.png是象形字，字形像包形的内脏器官。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157639787.png在包形器官https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157999348.png基础上增加动脉和静脉的入口管道形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157149033.png，并在包形器官的内部增加一点表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png，整个字形像人体内包形的泵血器官。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157271167.png简化血管形状。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157891460.png省去表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157341684.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，人体的泵血器官，从静脉接受血液并将其压入动脉从而维持血液在整个循环系统中的流动。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157316548.png变形较大，至此，泵血器官的包形消失、血管形状消失。古人发现，心不仅是泵血器官，还是感知器官，具有直觉思维的能力。附一文言版《説文解字》：心，人心，土藏，在身之中。象形。博士說以爲火藏。凡心之屬皆从心。
附二白话版《说文解字》：心，人的心脏，是属于土性的臟器，藏在身躯的中央位置。字形像泵血器官的形状。也有博学之士说，心是属火的臟器。所有与心相关的字，都采用“心”作边旁。

8独dú蜀，既是声旁也是形旁，表示西北地域。獨，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936196171.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936562438.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936589603.png（犬，表示行猎）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936930291.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936268901.png（蜀，四川）。造字本义：名词，一种活跃于蜀地的不合群的野兽。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936542269.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936589603.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936595598.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936268901.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936975756.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“独”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936740509.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“蜀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936975756.png简化成“虫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021936553732.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：獨，犬相得而鬬也。从犬，蜀聲。羊爲羣，犬爲獨也。一曰北嚻山有獨data:image/png;base64,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獸，如虎，白身，豕鬣，尾如馬。
附二白话版《说文解字》：独，狗相遇时总是互相争斗。字形采用“犬”作边旁，“蜀”作声旁。羊的品性乐于合群，狗的特性倾向独处。一种说法认为，北嚻山有一种叫“独data:image/png;base64,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”的野兽，形体如虎，白身，豕鬣，尾如马。

9行xíng行（háng），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856999838.png是象形字，字形像四通八达的十字路口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856131419.png将十字路口形状的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png误写成正反两个“双人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856160305.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856598545.png，失去路口形象。造字本义：名词，纵横畅通的十字路口。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856343815.png一定程度上恢复金文字形。从甲骨文、金文字形看，“行”的左右两边“彳”、“亍”，应该被称作“左行旁”、“右行旁”，而不是“双人旁”。附一文言版《説文解字》：行，人之步趨也。从彳，从亍。凡行之屬皆从行。
附二白话版《说文解字》：行，人们在路上行走或小跑。字形采用“彳、亍”会义。所有与行相关的字，都采用“行”作边旁。

10之zhī之，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152205362.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152488630.png（脚）下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152102750.png，表示脚踏大地。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152151440.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152958261.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，足履平地，徒步前往。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152173792.png严重变形。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152911924.png承续隶书字形，“止”形消失。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：之，出也。象艸過屮，枝莖益大，有所之。一者，地也。凡之之屬皆从之。
附二白话版《说文解字》：之，长出。像植物过了发芽的阶段，枝茎日益茁壮，有所扩张。字形底部的指事符号“一”，代表地面。所有与之相关的字，都采用“之”作边旁。

11术shù“术”是“朮”的异体字；而“秫”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439929268.png”是“术”的异体字。又，既是声旁也是形旁，表示用手抓持。朮，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439334524.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439800986.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439336026.png（又，用手抓）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439133562.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439885678.png（八，分，剥离），表示一手抓茎杆，一手剥茎皮（参见“麻”）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439949435.png把甲骨文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439336026.png写成“叉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439550341.png，表示将剥皮的卷刃刀夹在手指上或套在手指上。隶化后楷书“朮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439857278.png将篆文字形中“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439257437.png加“八”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439406906.png所构成的“术”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439517744.png简写成似“木”非“木”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439784731.png。楷书异体字“术”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439799902.png误将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439784731.png写成“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439552945.png，以致字形面目全非。造字本义：名词，可以剥下枝茎上的青皮、用来绞绳或编篮的植物。古籍多以“秫”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023439929268.png”代替“朮”和“术”。《汉字简化方案》用“术”合并代替“術”。附一文言版《説文解字》：秫，稷之黏者。从禾，术。象形。术，秫或省禾。
附二白话版《说文解字》：秫，有黏性粟米。字形采用“禾、术”会义。象形。术，这是“秫”的异体字，省去了“禾”。

12没méi没，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749283852.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749263071.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749919842.png（水，河川）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749234008.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749296977.png（回，即“洄”，漩窝）。造字本义：动词，被漩窝卷入水底淹毙。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749712392.png省去“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749919842.png加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749466265.png（手），表示被淹于漩窝中的人挥手挣扎。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749454048.png将金文与籀文的字形相结合。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749724157.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749317101.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749699101.png；将篆文字形中的漩窝https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749898772.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749533629.png或https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020749787608.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：没，沈也。从水，从data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：没，下沉。字形采用“水、data:image/png;base64,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”会义。

13长zhǎng長，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927644731.png是象形字，像一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927553283.png头发飘散https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927943478.png的样子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927825655.png像头发飘散https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927104140.png、拄着拐杖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927722550.png的老年人，一横指事符号表示发簪。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927710848.png在头发飘散形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927644731.png的基础上加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927587455.png（抓），表示拄杖的老人。古代中国人认为须发是父母所赐，不能随意剔剪，因此年龄越大，须发越显眼，成为年老的象征。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927465635.png突出了人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927927698.png的头上飘飘的头发https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927928408.png和拄杖的手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927860465.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927431786.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927297398.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927342258.png（头发）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927856115.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927903631.png（发簪）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927856115.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927532635.png（人），强调头发。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927479499.png在籀文的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927476928.png里面加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927307799.png。造字本义：名词，头发飘飘的拄杖老人。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927482812.png将篆文字形中的“人”与“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927662809.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927672500.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“长”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927868155.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927770652.png，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927805650.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927486618.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：長，久遠也。从兀，从匕。兀者，高遠意也。久則變化。亾聲。纼者，倒亾也。凡長之屬皆从長。仧，古文長。data:image/png;base64,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，亦古文長。
附二白话版《说文解字》：长，时空久远。字形采用“兀、匕”作边旁。兀，是高远的意思。匕，表示久则变化。字形采用“亡”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是倒写的“亡”字。所有与长相关的字，都采用“长”作边旁。仧，这是古文写法的“长”字。data:image/png;base64,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，这也是古文写法的“长”字。

14于yú“于”是“竽”的本字。于，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930361270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930213683.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930734265.png（（于，即“竽”，竹管吹奏乐器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930696739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930371156.png（凹凸曲折），表示竽管乐音起伏迂回。在有柄的吹奏乐器“丂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930105886.png（参见“号”、“可”）的手柄部位加一横，表示手握乐器；凹凸曲折的符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930895137.png，表示乐音婉转起伏。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930257458.png省去凹凸起伏的符号。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930473704.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930764121.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930192415.png有所变形。造字本义：名词，婉转起伏的竽管乐音。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930791472.png恢复简体金文字形。当“于”的“竹笛”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930321912.png再加“竹”另造“竽”代替。由于“于”（男女新婚仪式上必备的音乐演奏）与“於”（成双成对的鸟儿比翼齐飞）读音相同，而且含义存在内在关联，古人于是有时假借“于”代替“於”。《汉字简化方案》用“于”合并代替“於”。附一文言版《説文解字》：于，於也，象气之舒亏。从丂，从一。一者，其气平之也。凡亏之屬皆從亏。今變隸作于。
附二白话版《说文解字》：于，即“於”，像气息的舒张与亏缺。字形采用“丂、一”会义。“一”代替气息平缓。所有与亏相关的字，都采用“亏”作边旁。现今“於”简化写作“于”。

15博bó“博”和“搏”在金文字形中原本是一个字，从篆文开始分化。尃，既是声旁也是形旁，是“缚”的本字，表示捆绑。博，甲骨文假借“尃”。尃，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555811828.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555570798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555178925.png（像线绕在纺砖上）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555417626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555310284.png（又，抓），表示抓住并捆绑。博，金文字形多样化，都强调武力拼杀、绑获对手：金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555383003.png https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555570798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png（十，盾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555417626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555143865.png（尃，即“缚”），表示武力拼杀，捆绑俘虏；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555392272.png误将表示盾形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555410434.png；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555576992.png将“盾”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555881128.png；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555735618.png以“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555103698.png（矛）代替“盾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555742612.png则以“戈”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555621151.png代替“盾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555752869.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555810575.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555392272.png，武力的线索消失。造字本义：武力拼杀，捆绑俘获敌人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555925884.png将篆文字形中的“尃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555238486.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555943889.png。当金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104555383003.png被篆文写成“博”后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104556790872.png再加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104556705605.png另“搏”代替，表示拼杀的本义。附一文言版《説文解字》：博，大通也。从十，从尃。尃，布也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：博，广大而精通。字形采用“十、尃”会义。尃，分布。

16谋móu某，既是声旁也是形旁，表示不确定。謀，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525802866.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525380882.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525573379.png（言，商议）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525193920.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525953607.png（某，不确定），表示为不确定的问题而商议。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525141815.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525573379.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525309607.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525953607.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525322149.png。造字本义：动词，因为对策略没把握而找人商讨。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525251673.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525309607.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525571390.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525322149.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525144456.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“谋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525662023.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525571390.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525585177.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：謀，慮難曰謀。从言，某聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：谋，讨论、筹划如何解决困难叫“谋”。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“某”作声旁。

17安ān安，繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115903752596.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811450346.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917121024431066.gif（宀，新房）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811278453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115915797796.gif（女，流泪的新娘），表示新房中有新娘，别亲远嫁的新娘https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115926813494.gif，忧伤落泪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115935314522.gif。古代出嫁的女子在婚礼上哭泣，既是不舍父母乡亲、担忧未知命运的个人真情，也是传统婚嫁礼俗的要求。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115833750451.gif省去“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115935314522.gif（眼泪），将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115915797796.gif写成“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115854425773.gif。古代男子兴宅、娶亲，标志成家独立，获得家族事务的发言权，成为独立意义上的社会分子。因此在古代农业社会，盖新房、娶媳妇，是男子一生中至关重要的两大任务，直接而深刻地影响到男子个人的心理状态，成则安居乐业，不成则内心焦虑不宁。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120142810689.gif承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120200149242.gif将金文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120153491141.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120210378193.gif。造字本义：动词，男子建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120221756587.gif将篆文字形中的“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120248659272.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120230377277.gif，将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120210378193.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917120239335577.gif。古人称娶亲成家、专心度日为“安”；称生活富足、内心愉快安定为“寧”，“安”是“寧”的基础，“寧”是“安”的高级境界。附一文言版《説文解字》：安，靜也。从女在宀下。
附二白话版《说文解字》：安，娴静。字形采用“宀、女”会义，表示女在屋下。

18忍rěn刃，既是声旁也是形旁，表示用刀切割。忍，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714280252.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714420254.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714360156.png（刃，用刀切割）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714282656.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714969443.png（心），表示心痛如割。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714943847.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，比喻心痛如割，但强迫坚持。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714821350.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714739800.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714615697.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714950538.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104714519404.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：忍，能也。从心，刃聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：忍，能耐。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“刃”作声旁。

18辱rǔ“辰”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226015514434296.gif”的异体字；而“辰”是“䢅”、“振”和“辱”的本字；而“辱”又是“耨”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226015514434296.gif，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094731957258.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023433397034.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094740386392.gif（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226020209185000.gif，是“石”的简写，借代石器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023433935532.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094747716791.gif（是“丮”的简写，即“执”的本字，双手持握），表示手执石器，进行原始的劳作生产；其中“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226020209185000.gif”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094740386392.gif是“石”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225095521233957.gif的简写、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094747716791.gif是“丮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094810167860.gif（执，双手抓持）的简写。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225095937419699.gif将“石”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094740386392.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225095946540843.gif，将“丮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094747716791.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225095956740346.gif。甲骨文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225100411364421.gif用“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225100419259331.gif（单手抓持）代替“丮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094747716791.gif（执，双手抓持）。当“辰”的“手持石器、砍斫挖凿”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225103101984843.gif再加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225103121883525.gif（抓持）另造“辱”代替、或甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226023149443260.gif加双手“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226023200465992.gif另造“䢅”代替、或金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226023216421567.gif再加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226023225766937.gif另造“振”代替，强调手持石器的劳作的含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229062816879430.gif基本承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225103101984843.gif，将甲骨文字形中的“辰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229062854946101.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229062906160243.gif。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063247519184.gif将“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063326764216.gif写成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063337704703.gif，强调“持握”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063539845198.gif将金文字形中的“辰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063611375365.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063619468116.gif。造字本义：动词，石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063752246311.gif将篆文字形中的“辰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063619468116.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063843439496.gif，将篆文字形中的“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063832375819.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063853143364.gif。当“辱”的“垦田耕作”本义消失后，俗体楷书再加“耒”（翻土耕地）另造“耨”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：辱，恥也。从寸在辰下。失耕時，於封畺上戮之也。辰者，農之時也。故房星爲辰，田候也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：辱，蒙恥。字形采用“寸”作边旁，表示“寸”（法“在“辰”（农时）下，意思是，有人错过农耕时机，人们就在封土上羞辱他。“辰”代表农历三月，是农耕时令。也因此房星叫“辰星”，代表开春耕田的征候。

19先xiān“先”是“兟”的本字。千，既是声旁也是形旁，是“迁”的本字，表示移动。先，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128355094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128263065.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128596674.png（之，即“趾”，借代腿脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128370204.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128427827.png（人，是“千”的省略，亦即“迁”的省略，移动），表示抢在他人之前到达。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128918239.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128293248.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，抢在他人之前到达。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128365909.png将篆文字形中的“之”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128136228.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128589016.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128512674.png写成“儿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128456593.png。古籍多以“先”代替“兟”。附一文言版《説文解字》：先，前進也。从儿，从之。凡先之屬皆从先。
附二白话版《说文解字》：先，前进。字形采用“儿、之”会义。所有与先相关的字，都采用“先”作边旁。

20修xiū攸，既是声旁也是形旁，是“悠”的省略，表示小心。修，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942300658.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942288513.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942673427.png（攸，即“悠”，小心）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942865566.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942737496.png（二，疑为“彡”的简写，光彩），表示小心翼翼地着彩上色。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942289713.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942673427.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942281588.png，将金文字形中的“二”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942737496.png写成“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942940783.png。造字本义：动词，小心翼翼地着彩上色，装饰美化。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942990800.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942281588.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023942999302.png。由于“脩”字与“修”字的读音相同、且字形相近，古籍常将“修”字与“脩”字相互假借。《汉字简化方案》用“修”字合并代替“脩”字。附一文言版《説文解字》：修，飾也。从彡，攸聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：修，装饰美化。字形采用“彡”作边旁，采用“攸”作声旁。

21德dé彳，既是声旁也是形旁，是“得”的省略，表示获取、获得。德，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041257745545.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837225440.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png（彳，即“得”的省略，获取、获得）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837866515.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif（直，正而不邪，正派），表示得之正直，获之坦荡。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041240894493.gif用“行”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710110159217942.gif代替“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105837565378.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041336410940.gif将甲骨文字形中的“直”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041312417794.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041354584923.gif。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041406537278.gif加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif，强调“获之坦荡、问心无愧”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041422113657.gif将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710111040240035.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112334167420.gif，将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041413568390.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710112410276781.gif。造字本义：动词，正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105542901804.gif将篆文字形中的“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105641705926.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105554263876.gif，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710041605448899.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/10/20200710105604977998.gif。在道家思想中，“道”代表自然律，是道家世界观的核心；“德”代表顺应自然律的法则，是道家方法论的核心。古籍中“德”与“得”有时因同音而相互假借。附一文言版《説文解字》：德，升也。从彳，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：德，境界因善行而升华。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

22乐yuè曰，既是声旁也是形旁，表示说唱、倾诉。樂，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115141049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115856618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115896719.png（丝，丝弦）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115708577.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115774991.png（木，架子，琴枕），字形像木枕上系着丝弦的琴具。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115598282.png承续甲骨文字形。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115822398.png加”白“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115752834.png（说唱、抒情），强调伴随着丝弦的演奏歌唱抒情。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115474636.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，边弹边唱，和着琴声的节奏歌唱。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115550918.png将篆文字形中的“丝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115641177.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115772742.png，将篆文字形中的“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115267348.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115677157.png，将篆文字形中的“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115940355.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115997696.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“乐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115539401.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105115643630.png整体简化。附一文言版《説文解字》：樂，五聲八音緫名。象鼓鞞。木，虡也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：乐，五声八音的总称。data:image/png;base64,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，像鼓鞞的样子。木，表示鼓鞞的支架。

23好hǎo好（hào），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023513603887.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941114332.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023521432775.gif（女，女子）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941960119.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023528844176.gif（子，男子），表示男女亲密相处。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023546996710.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023554838487.gif基本承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，男女之间，相悦相求。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023620395565.gif将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803072134687872.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023629697981.gif，将篆文字形中的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023658356335.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023636180296.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：好，美也。从女、子。
附二白话版《说文解字》：好，女子美丽漂亮。字形采用“女、子”会义。

24善shàn羊，既是声旁也是形旁，通“祥”。善，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611892308.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611706943.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png（双目，眼睛），表示眼神安祥温和，所谓“慈眉善目”。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611771717.png双眼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611688578.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611111458.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611742560.png将一双眼睛写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611879022.png将一双眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611641410.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611789816.png省略成一只眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611696554.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611156573.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611261383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611922193.png（羊，即“祥”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611573137.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611730736.png（两个“言”），表示言语祥和亲切。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611774110.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，神态安祥，言语亲和。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611832494.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611807404.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611940856.png，将篆文字形中的两个“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611728701.png写成“卄”加“口”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021611576006.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：善，吉也。从誩，从羊。此與義美同意。
附二白话版《说文解字》：善，吉祥。字形采用“誩、羊”会义。“善”这个字，与“義”（义）、“美”同义。

25神shén“申”、“电”、“神”本是同一个字，后分化。申，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727406062.png像神秘的劈雳、不同方向开裂的闪电。古人认为打雷闪电是至高无上的天神在发怒。当“申”的“闪电”和“天神”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727331811.png再加“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727590388.png另造“神”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727331811.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727701117.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727590388.png（示，祭祀）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727970665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727741402.png（申，闪电），表示祭拜发出闪电的天公。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727365894.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727741402.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727137232.png。造字本义：名词，古人祭拜的天公，万物的创造者和掌控者。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727401365.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727886776.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727412075.png，误将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727137232.png写成“申”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105727780986.png。在中医观念中，“精”是生命能量的最高级形式，用以化血化气养神，精气有限，精竭人枯；“神”来自于受孕时的父母“两精相搏”，是统领生命的天真魂灵，若不自觉持守，容易在后天耗散；“灵”是沟通天地万物的通神力量，比“神”更脆弱，要以静心与觉悟特别养护；“魂”是统领精神的神秘能量，也称“阳神”，主动，负责有意识状态下的情感、思想等心智活动；“魄”是统领肉体的神秘能量，也称“阴神”，主静，负责无意识状态下的感知、代谢等生理本能。附一文言版《説文解字》：神，天神，引出萬物者也。从示申。
附二白话版《说文解字》：神，天神，引出万物的存在。字形采用“示、申”会义。

26至zhì“至”是“到”和“倒”的本字。至，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743911184.png是指事字，字形在倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743506791.png下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743110543.png，表示地板或床铺，“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743447905.png表示站立的人，倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743506791.png表示倒卧的人，所以“至”的整个字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743911184.png表示一个人倒在床上，叉腿而卧。对远古狩猎时代整日奔波的男子来说，回到家中就意味着可以安全躺下、放松休息。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743551566.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743454480.png用“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743733806.png代替表示地面的一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743634569.png，明确了“地板”（地铺）的含义。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743818307.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743454480.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743885084.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743551566.png。造字本义：动词，回到家里，躺下休息。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743674670.png将篆文字形中倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743103385.png写成不知云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743371846.png。当“至”的“到家”本义消失后，再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743237041.png另造“到”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743179044.png代替。篆文的“到”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743682217.png误将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743237041.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743123225.png。当“到”的“到家”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“倒”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：至，鳥飛从高下至地也。从一，一猶地也。象形。不，上去；而至，下來也。凡至之屬皆从至。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo4OTNCRkEzNkY5MkIxMUU5QjlFMjg3MzFDMkNDNTBGNiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo4OTNCRkEzN0Y5MkIxMUU5QjlFMjg3MzFDMkNDNUY2Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paTo4OTNCRkEzNEY5MkIxMUU5QjlFMjg3MzFDMkNDNTBGNiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo4OTNCRkEzNUY5MkIxMUU5QjlFMjg3MzFDMkNDNTBGNiIvPiA8L3JmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz7+vn49/b19PPy8fDv7u3s6+rp6Ofm5eTj4uHg397d3Nva2djX1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBAC8f+PoAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAlSURBVBjTY2jgYPj9g+F7BcP7HQwHJBj+32D4+wPEAJLIDAYGAKSNE7reDWSFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC，古文至。
附二白话版《说文解字》：至，鸟从高处飞落到地面。字形用“一”作边旁，“一”好像地面。字形像鸟从高处飞落到地面。“不”，是鸟飞向高处；而“至”，则是鸟从高处飞下来。所有与至相关的字，都采用“至”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“至”。

27诚chéng成，既是声旁也是形旁，表示实现、达到。誠，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136376479.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136633116.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136931556.png（成，实现、达到）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136807713.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136554407.png（言，承诺），表示实现诺言。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136429638.png将金文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136554407.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136450697.png，将金文字形中的在“成”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136931556.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136730901.png。造字本义：形容词，信守诺言的，真心实意的。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136304544.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136450697.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136788811.png，将篆文字形中的“成”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136730901.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136955570.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“诚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136886067.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136320563.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024136300618.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：誠，信也。从言，成聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：诚，说实话。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“成”作声旁。

28明míng明，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082541915085.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112468596.png（日，太阳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082621328054.gif（月亮），表示白天与黑夜发光的两个天体（古人以为月亮在夜里发光）。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112934504389.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/7/20200307100955838498.gif（月亮）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513101615484798.gif（囧，窗牖），表示月光透过窗户照亮夜里的房间。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513111958294469.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513111923125378.gif承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112934504389.gif。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112159309153.gif承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082541915085.gif。造字本义：动词，日光或月光将空间照亮。“明”侧重表示日光充足；“朗”侧重表示月光充足。附一文言版《説文解字》：朙，照也。从月，从囧。凡朙之屬皆从朙。
附二白话版《说文解字》：朙，日月照耀。字形由“月、囧”会义。所有与“朙”有关的字，都采用“朙”作边旁。

29体tǐ豊，既是声旁也是形旁，表示装在器皿中祭祀的珍品。體，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052216688149.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104409252236.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052223350407.gif（身，身子）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104409137621.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052231222320.gif（“豊”的简写，盛器中的珍品），比喻分布在身子里的诸多重要器官。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052245523569.gif用“骨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052254717624.gif代替金文字形中的“身”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052223350407.gif，强调“骨骼”对“身子”的支撑作用，以及“骨腔”对“脏器”的保护作用。造字本义：名词，骨腔和诸多内脏组成的躯干。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052307312987.gif将篆文字形中的“骨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052254717624.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052322944547.gif，将篆文字形中的“豊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052333732852.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052341739287.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052449864566.gif，以“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052554297736.gif、“ 本”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720052603237414.gif会义的结构，另造简单字形“体”，表示“體”为人之本、躯之干。附一文言版《説文解字》：體，緫十二屬也。从骨，豊聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：体，总括人身十二（所有）部分。字形采用“骨”作边旁，采用“豊”作声旁。

30物wù勿，既是声旁也是形旁，是“刎”的本字，表示用刀宰杀，刀刃溅血。物，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401031941365999.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402525970.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032012774777.gif（牛，头部长角、体型粗壮的力畜）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022402154791.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032022828483.gif（勿，血溅刀刃），表示用刀杀牛。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032218611608.gif将甲骨文字形中的“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032249843980.gif和三点血滴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032257596886.gif连写成“勿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032318413169.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032434599451.gif承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，杀牛。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032518910323.gif将篆文字形中的“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401020355694074.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032527314408.gif，将篆文字形中的“勿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032557357030.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/1/20200401032548916239.gif。在中国古代传说中，地上的一切都是神牛下凡造成的，所以用“牛”指代“物”，用“牛”指代一切。杀牛为“物”，解牛为“半”。附一文言版《説文解字》：物，萬物也。牛爲大物；天地之数，起於牽牛，故从牛，勿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：物，万物。牛为大物；天地万物之数，起于牵牛，因此字形采用“牛”作边旁，“勿”作声旁。

31吉jí圭，既是声旁也是形旁，表示上古帝王或诸侯在隆重仪式上使用的玉牌礼器，刻有祥瑞图案或祝福文字。吉，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759683506.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759322507.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759519725.png（圭，刻有祥瑞图案或祝福文字的玉牌礼器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759870839.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759534552.png（口，说话、祝祷），表示手持玉圭礼器向上苍和禇神赞颂和祝祷。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759937869.png误将上尖下窄、便于持握的圭形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759519725.png，写成两个形似“士”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759594233.png的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759789069.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759106773.png误将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759789069.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759948082.png。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759589693.png将两个形似“士”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759789069.png写成明确的两个“士”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759623999.png，并将两个“士”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759623999.png省略成一个“士”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759404313.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759780983.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759774480.png承续简体甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，天子与诸侯手持玉圭礼器向上苍和禇神赞颂、祝祷，祈求国泰民安，百业呈祥。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/28/20200228014646764574.gif承续篆文字形。附　“吉”字形演变的分解线索：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759683506.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759733023.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759937869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759733023.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759106773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759733023.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759589693.png；　　https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759519725.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759733023.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759789069.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759733023.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759623999.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759733023.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759827855.png；　　https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759344903.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759733023.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759594233.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759733023.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105759512879.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：吉，善也。从士、口。
附二白话版《说文解字》：吉，祥瑞美好。字形采用“士、口”会义。

32知zhī“知”是“智”的本字。矢，既是声旁也是形旁，表示箭，借代行猎、作战。知，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702947251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702714676.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702978329.png（干，武器，借代行猎、作战）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702897854.png（口，谈论）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900734.png（矢，武器，借代行猎、作战），表示谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。在远古时代，弯弓使箭是成年人的基本常识和重要经验。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702577998.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702205237.png省去“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702453295.png，简化字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702949824.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702192883.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702484675.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702275600.png。当“知”的形容词含义“聪明、有战略”消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900151.png再加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702919768.png（说，传授）另造“智”代替，强调谈论和传授经验。附一文言版《説文解字》：知，詞也。从口，从矢。
附二白话版《说文解字》：知，表达了解、明白时的措词。字形采用“口、矢”会义。

33足“知”是“智”的本字。矢，既是声旁也是形旁，表示箭，借代行猎、作战。知，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702947251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702714676.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702978329.png（干，武器，借代行猎、作战）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702897854.png（口，谈论）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900734.png（矢，武器，借代行猎、作战），表示谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。在远古时代，弯弓使箭是成年人的基本常识和重要经验。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702577998.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702205237.png省去“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702453295.png，简化字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702949824.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702192883.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702484675.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702275600.png。当“知”的形容词含义“聪明、有战略”消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900151.png再加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702919768.png（说，传授）另造“智”代替，强调谈论和传授经验。附一文言版《説文解字》：知，詞也。从口，从矢。
附二白话版《说文解字》：知，表达了解、明白时的措词。字形采用“口、矢”会义。34笃竹，既是声旁也是形旁，表示竹具、竹笼。篤，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833904620.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833824031.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833292702.png（竹，竹笼）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833526154.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833367118.png（馬，代马嘴），表示给马嘴套上透气的竹笼，使马不能嚼食路边的野草，以此降低草料对马的诱惑，提高马匹的警觉与专注，以便更好地为主人服务。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833468538.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，给马嘴套上竹笼。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833518948.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833935611.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833185704.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833568887.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833660364.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“笃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833409937.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“馬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833660364.png简化成“马”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022833134840.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：篤，馬行頓遟。从馬，竹聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：笃，马走得迟缓。字形采用“马”作边旁，采用“竹”作声旁。
第四章本德宗道
夫志心笃行之术。
长莫长于博谋，安莫安于忍辱，先莫先于修德，乐莫乐于好善，神莫神于至诚，明莫明于体物，吉莫吉于知足
树的根部。(本）正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。（德）专门用于献祭崇拜祖先的祖庙（宗）向导、带路，给不知方向的人引路。（道）
有志之心笃行不懈之术。

翻译：1达到长久的根本之道在于武力拼杀，捆绑俘获敌人。（博）因为对策略没把握而找人商讨（谋）

2. 达到男子建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子的根本之道在于心痛如割，但强迫坚持（忍）石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。（辱）。
3达到抢在他人之前到达的根本之道在于小心翼翼地着彩上色，装饰美化。（修）
正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。（德）
4达到边弹边唱，和着琴声的节奏歌唱。（乐）的根本之道是男女之间，相悦相求（好）神态安祥，言语亲和（善）。
5达到神的根本之道在于回到家里，躺下休息。（至）信守诺言的，真心实意的。（诚）
6达到日光或月光将空间照亮的根本之道在于骨腔和诸多内脏组成的躯干。（体）杀牛。（物）
7达到国泰民安，百业呈祥的根本之道在于谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。（知）出征得胜，凯旋归邑。（足）

四简单体会：
对于忍辱和知足，有了新的不同的认识。
五吟诵已经发到群里。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-22 13:59:10

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-22 23:04 编辑

1.22今天任务：
苦莫苦于多愿，悲莫悲于精散，病莫病于无常，短莫短于苟得，幽莫幽于贪鄙，
孤莫孤于自恃，危莫危于任疑
1苦古，既是声旁也是形旁，表示久远。苦，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256287048.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256433547.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256164356.png（艸，植物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256837109.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256776655.png（古，古老），表示古老的植物。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256623991.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256776655.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256624757.png。造字本义：名词，远古采集时代发现的味似黄连的荼草，捣烂涂抹病痛部位，可以清热解毒，是远古中药系统中的重要消炎药。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256771175.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256679672.png写成“艹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021256249546.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：苦，大苦，苓也。从艸，古聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：苦，非常苦涩，苓草。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“古”作声旁。莫mò“莫”是“暮”的本字。莫，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427094857393933.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015119286866.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215115729441856.gif（两个“林”，林莽）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015119684541.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427093905217792.gif（日，太阳），表示太阳下山，阳光隐没在丛林草野。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427094416559013.gif将丛林https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215115729441856.gif改成草丛“茻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427094754531986.gif。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427100414602708.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427095236999863.gif承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，太阳下山，阳光隐入丛林草野。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427093518753818.gif误将篆文字形下端的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/16/20200216120118378420.gif（草丛）当作两只手而连写成“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427093642991137.gif。当“莫”的“太阳下山”本义消失后，隶书再加“日”另造“暮”代替。日在草上为“早”，日在草中为“莫”（暮），日在树下为“杳”。古人称日升而天地分明为“旦”，称日落而天地不分为“莫”（通“暮”）。附一文言版《説文解字》：莫，日且冥也。从日，在艸中。
附二白话版《说文解字》：莫，太阳快下山。字形采用“日”作边旁，像太阳落在草丛中。

2多duō多，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457632219.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457131099.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457364946.png（夕，肉块）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457897097.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457365092.png（夕，肉块），表示两份肉食。在物质匮乏的原始共产平分时代，人们均分物用，尤其均分对生在影响重大的肉食，一人独占双份或数份肉食，就是“超额”的破例。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457460214.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457472508.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，一人独占双份、数份肉食。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457828850.png承续篆文字形。平分肉食为“宜”；独享双份肉食为“多”；堆积大量肉食为“叠”。附一文言版《説文解字》：多，重也。从重夕。夕者，相繹也，故爲多。重夕爲多，重日爲曡。凡多之屬皆从多。data:image/png;base64,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，古文多字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：多，重复。字形采用“重夕”会义。夕，表示相演绎，所以变成多。重叠“夕”字叫“多”；重叠“日”字叫“曡”。所有与多相关的字，都采用“多”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“多”。

3愿yuàn“愿”是“願”的异体字。原，既是声旁也是形旁，表示本来的、初始的。愿，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159678726.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159203373.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159636357.png（元，原本的）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159324149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159900938.png（心，意志），表示原本的意志。金文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159837511.png用“元”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159303491.png代替“原”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159636357.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159676010.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159636357.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159720254.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159900938.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159803673.png。造字本义：名词，藏在心中的初始的想法、希望。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159414122.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159720254.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159492024.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159803673.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159265329.png。由于字形相似、读音相同、字义相近，古籍多以“願”代替“愿”。《汉字简化方案》用“愿”合并“願”。附一文言版《説文解字》：愿，謹也。从心，原聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：愿，恭谨地表示期许。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“原”作声旁。于yú“于”是“竽”的本字。于，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930361270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930213683.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930734265.png（（于，即“竽”，竹管吹奏乐器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930696739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930371156.png（凹凸曲折），表示竽管乐音起伏迂回。在有柄的吹奏乐器“丂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930105886.png（参见“号”、“可”）的手柄部位加一横，表示手握乐器；凹凸曲折的符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930895137.png，表示乐音婉转起伏。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930257458.png省去凹凸起伏的符号。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930473704.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930764121.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930192415.png有所变形。造字本义：名词，婉转起伏的竽管乐音。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930791472.png恢复简体金文字形。当“于”的“竹笛”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930321912.png再加“竹”另造“竽”代替。由于“于”（男女新婚仪式上必备的音乐演奏）与“於”（成双成对的鸟儿比翼齐飞）读音相同，而且含义存在内在关联，古人于是有时假借“于”代替“於”。《汉字简化方案》用“于”合并代替“於”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：于，於也，象气之舒亏。从丂，从一。一者，其气平之也。凡亏之屬皆從亏。今變隸作于。
附二白话版《说文解字》：于，即“於”，像气息的舒张与亏缺。字形采用“丂、一”会义。“一”代替气息平缓。所有与亏相关的字，都采用“亏”作边旁。现今“於”简化写作“于”。

4悲bēi非，既是声旁也是形旁，表示否定、违背。悲，古鉥字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832949240.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832859618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832948385.png（非，与愿相违）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832309460.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832298186.png（心，意愿），表示与意愿相违。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832365170.png将古鈢字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832298186.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832624949.png。造字本义：形容词，因违背意愿的意外变故而痛楚、哀伤。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832361223.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832984383.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832464821.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832624949.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832755469.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：悲，痛也。从心，非聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：悲，哀痛。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“非”作声旁。

5精青，既是声旁也是形旁，是“倩”的省略，表示好看的、漂亮的。精，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023256712625.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023256998078.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023256731384.png（米，稻粟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023256257155.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023256228149.png（青，“倩”，漂亮），表示特别好看的大米。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023256654159.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，经过筛选的上等稻米，粒长而均匀、晶白而莹润、高级而漂亮。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023256697420.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023256605218.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023256395427.png。“精”是经过筛选的上等稻米；“粗”是未经筛糠去碎的糙米。在中医观念中，“精”是生命能量的最高级形式，用以化血化气养神，精气有限，精竭人枯；“神”来自于受孕时的父母“两精相搏”，是统领生命的天真魂灵，若不自觉持守，容易在后天耗散。附一文言版《説文解字》：精，擇也。从米，青聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：精，优选品。字形采用“米”作边旁，采用“青”作声旁。

6散sǎnhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052261236.png，既是声旁也是形旁，是“麻”的本字，表示麻林。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052557810.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052489934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052966035.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052474826.png（林，麻林）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052535478.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052965298.png（攴，持械打击），表示持械打、扯麻皮，使麻缕与麻青分离。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052462797.png将甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052489934.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052676944.png；同时加“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052665005.png（肉），表示从骨头上剔析分离的零碎杂肉。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052792760.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052606620.png基本承续金文字形，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052676944.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052386321.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052665005.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052509530.png。造字本义：动词，以外力破坏物体原有结构，使之分离成若干部分。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052927146.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052203425.png将篆文字形中表示麻林的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052862135.png写成似“脊”非“脊”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052614365.png、似“林”非“林”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052141232.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，雜肉也。从肉，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：散，杂肉。字形采用“肉”作边旁，采用“ data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

7病bìng“疒”是“病”的本字。丙，既是声旁也是形旁，是“抦”的省略，表示持举、抓握。疒，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819686407.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819107934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819102713.png（人，患者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819569095.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819635904.png（水，汗液）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819569095.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819677087.png（爿，木床），表示病人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819102713.png躺在床https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819677087.png上发汗https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819635904.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819238991.png用“身”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819685886.png（孕妇）代替“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819102713.png，表示孕妇长期卧床。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819865001.png省去汗水https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819635904.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819810453.png将甲骨文字形中的孕妇形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819685886.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819275968.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819673226.png简化字形，写成指事字，在“爿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819218684.png（病床）上加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819443207.png，表示病卧在床。当“疒”成为单纯字件后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819508806.png再加既是声旁也是形旁的“丙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819714003.png（“抦”的省略，持举、抓握）另造“病”代替，表示手握床栏杆，即身体健康出问题，失去独立生活能力，依赖床过日子。造字本义：动词，健康不佳而卧床休养。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819295473.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819673226.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819790318.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819714003.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819597064.png。古人称外伤为“疾”，称内患为“病”。附一文言版《説文解字》：病，疾加也。从疒，丙聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：病，疾痛加重后形成的症状。字形采用“疒”作边旁，采用“丙”作声旁。

8无wú无，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735836604.png是指事字，字形在表示“秃头”的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png字上加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735927534.png指事符号，表示全秃，强调“兀”的程度。造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735914971.png将篆文字形中的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735676357.png。“兀”是秃顶；“无”是全秃，完全光头。附一文言版《説文解字》：無，亡也。从亡，無聲。无，奇字无，通于元者。王育说，天屈西北为无。
附二白话版《说文解字》：無，没有。字形采用“亡”作边旁，采用“無”作声旁。“无”，这是一个奇字，是“元”的撇画向上贯通而产生的奇字。王育说，天穹向西北弓屈叫作“无”。

9常cháng“裳”是“常”的异体字。尚，既是声旁也是形旁，表示崇尚的、流行的。常，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728754666.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728429754.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728676909.png（尚，崇尚、流行）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728731777.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728235887.png（巾，布），表示人们崇尚的服饰。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728888989.png将金文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728482805.png。篆文异体字“裳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728298470.png用“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728494429.png代替“巾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728582096.png。造字本义：名词，古代长期流行的服饰。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728289099.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728482805.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728897601.png。古代称连体裙为“裳”，称长裙为“常”。附一文言版《説文解字》：常，下帬也。从巾，尚聲。裳，常或从衣。
附二白话版《说文解字》：常，下身穿的衣裙。字形采用“巾”作边旁，采用“尚”作声旁。裳，这是“常”的异体字，字形采用“衣”作边旁。

10短duǎn豆，既是声旁也是形旁，是“逗”的省略，表示停顿。短，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828834093.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828776506.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828812627.png（矢，箭）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828401352.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828930755.png（豆，即“逗”，停顿），表示箭的射程近。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828499878.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828812627.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828530514.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828930755.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828376604.png。造字本义：形容词，期。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828167539.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828530514.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828323019.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828376604.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105828963606.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：短，有所長短，以矢爲正。从矢，豆聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：短，当物体有长短区别时，就用箭只作标准进行测量。字形采用“矢”作边旁，采用“豆”作声旁。

11苟gǒu句，既是声旁也是形旁，与“勾”同源，表示勾连。苟，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259373969.png是象形字，字形像一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259866617.png头发上沾满了带刺芒的蒺藜https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259696225.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259951911.png将蒺藜形状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259696225.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259749143.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259848395.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259379018.png将由“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259132833.png和表示植物的“艹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259243821.png所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259848395.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259810228.png，并加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259973870.png，写成会义字。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259780525.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259379018.png写成“句”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259976471.png（勾），并以“勾”为声旁；同时加“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259395913.png，强调其植物属性。造字本义：名词，中国特有的伞形科藁本植物，果实表面棕褐色或暗棕色，粗糙有皱纹，体轻质硬，果柄易折断，果球表面的芒刺容易粘附人或家畜的毛发，以便四处传播。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259315188.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259395913.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259560293.png，将篆文字形中的“句”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259976471.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021259835645.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：苟，艸也。从艸，句聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：苟，一种草。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“句”作声旁。

12得dé得，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836957414.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836359904.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836699801.png（手，拾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836929251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836378452.png（贝，最原始货币），表示拾贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836461451.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836135386.png（行进），表示古代中原人长途跋涉到湖海之滨寻觅和拾捡贝壳。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836112131.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836775386.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836675991.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png，同时误将籀文字形中的的“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836244183.png写成“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836499763.png。造字本义：动词，得，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836957414.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836359904.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836699801.png（手，拾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836929251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836378452.png（贝，最原始货币），表示拾贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836461451.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836135386.png（行进），表示古代中原人长途跋涉到湖海之滨寻觅和拾捡贝壳。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836112131.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836775386.png承续简体甲骨文字形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836675991.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png，同时误将籀文字形中的的“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836244183.png写成“见”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836499763.png。造字本义：动词，捡到贝壳，喜获财富。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836567423.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836158708.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836786586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836802651.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。

附一文言版《説文解字》：得，行有所得也。从彳，㝵聲。䙷，古文省彳。

附二白话版《说文解字》：得，远行探索而有所获。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“㝵”作声旁。䙷，这是古文写法的“得”字，省略了“彳”。。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836567423.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836945172.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836158708.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836786586.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836802651.png。远行拾获海贝为“得”；远行深山采集有所收获为“遂”。附一文言版《説文解字》：得，行有所得也。从彳，㝵聲。䙷，古文省彳。
附二白话版《说文解字》：得，远行探索而有所获。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“㝵”作声旁。䙷，这是古文写法的“得”字，省略了“彳”。

13幽yōu幺，既是声旁也是形旁，表示微小。幽，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931119706.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931944732.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931192487.png（两个“幺”，微小）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931767959.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931570546.png（火，火光），表示火光微弱。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931140418.png将“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931570546.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931933046.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931386986.png将“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931933046.png写成形状与“山”相似的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931363086.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931782786.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931756150.png承续金文字形，并将形似“山”的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931933046.png写成标准的“山”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931363086.png。造字本义：形容词，火光极为微弱。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931772311.png将篆文字形中的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931651839.png写成“山”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020931569211.png。光线充足为“显”，火光微弱为“幽”。附一文言版《説文解字》：幽，隱也。从山中data:image/png;base64,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，data:image/png;base64,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亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：幽，隐而不现。字形采用“山”和山中的data:image/png;base64,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会义，data:image/png;base64,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也是声旁。

14贪tān含，既是声旁也是形旁，表示衔在嘴里。貪，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116870850.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116704727.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116420188.png（口，含在嘴里）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116730678.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116152400.png（貝，古代最早的货币），表示爱财至极，含贝在口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116361388.png将甲骨文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116420188.png写成“今”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116953064.png（“含”的省略），将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116152400.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116303829.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116795886.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，对钱贝迷恋到想把它吞下去。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116989816.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116249047.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116547033.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116650082.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116462031.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116116920.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116462031.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116383269.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：貪，欲物也。从貝，今聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贪，想要得到钱财货物。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“今”作声旁。

15鄙bǐ“啚”是“鄙”的本字。邑，既是声旁也是形旁，表示村镇。啚，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816292122.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816520754.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816452627.png（囗，村邑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816114324.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816535479.png（啬，设在田野的临时谷仓），表示粮仓之邑。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816194616.png颠倒上下结构。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816368737.png将甲骨文字形中的谷仓“啬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816535479.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816984057.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816557391.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816984057.png写成“㐭”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816399370.png。当“啚”的“粮仓之邑”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816154924.png加“邑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816214341.png（村落）另造“鄙”代替，强调“村落”的含义。造字本义：名词，垦荒种粮的边邑农村。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816218350.png将篆文字形中的“啚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816628910.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816378099.png，将篆文字形中的“邑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816214341.png写成“双耳旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105816274927.png。古籍多以“鄙”代替“啚”。附一文言版《説文解字》：鄙，五酇爲鄙。从邑，啚聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：鄙，五百家叫“鄙”。字形采用“邑”作边旁，采用“啚”作声旁。

16孤gū瓜，既是声旁也是形旁，表示突兀的样子。孤，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037925601.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037314046.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037149971.png（子，幼儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037334764.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037514334.png（瓜，单独、突兀的样子），表示单独无伴的孩子。造字本义：名词，比喻没有父母依傍的、单独生活的孩子，通常指丧父、丧母或父母俱亡的孩子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037319966.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037149971.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037855460.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037514334.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037439150.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：孤，無父也。从子，瓜聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：孤，年幼无父。字形采用“子”作边旁，采用“瓜”作声旁。

17自zì“自”是“鼻”的本字。自，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558178546.png像人的鼻子，有鼻梁、鼻翼。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558314930.png突出鼻骨与鼻弯。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558565925.png略有变形，突出了两侧鼻翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558579239.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558718467.png将两侧鼻翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558579239.png连写成封闭的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558721829.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558656777.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558941059.png进一步失去鼻形。在向他人表达“我”的时候，人们习惯于手指本人脸部（即头部正面）的中央位置，即鼻部位置，于是“自”（即鼻子）渐渐成了第一人称。当“自”的“鼻子”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558996308.png再加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558300532.png（像蛇信，感觉器官）另造“鼻”代替，表示“鼻”的嗅觉功能。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：自，鼻也。象鼻形。凡自之屬皆从自。
附二白话版《说文解字》：自，鼻子。字形像鼻骨与鼻弯的形状。所有与自相关的字，都采用“自”作边旁。

18恃shì寺，既是声旁也是形旁，即“持”，表示拥有。恃，古鈢https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717944820.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717210567.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717517015.png（心）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717363843.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717368506.png（寺，“持”，拥有）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717413466.png承续古鈢字形。造字本义：动词，心里有所依仗。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717961788.png将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717463922.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717268215.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717563388.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717699035.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：恃，賴也。从心，寺聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：恃，信赖。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“寺”作声旁。

19危wēi危，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903394337.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903487843.png（像悬崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png（像坠石），表示悬崖坠石。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903819604.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903308619.png将坠石形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png繁化为https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903810755.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903505565.png。金文另造会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903556989.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903325061.png（人，……）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903372949.png（厂，崖岩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903920079.png（巳，即“人”的变形），表示人在崖顶，担心坠崖；人在崖下，担心坠石。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903511445.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903912103.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903984541.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903681086.png；将篆文字形中的“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903132745.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903684129.png；将篆文字形中的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903446809.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903301155.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：危，在高而懼也。从厃，自卪止之。凡危之屬皆从危。
附二白话版《说文解字》：危，人在高处而恐惧。字形采用“厃”作边旁，表示自卪履高而止。所有与危相关的字，都采用“危”作边旁。

20任rèn任，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829357162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829186833.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829518301.png（工，巧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829118630.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829618451.png（人，远古的手工业者），表示能工巧匠。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829630971.png在“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829497003.png的握柄上加圆点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829501247.png，写成“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829364147.png，表示善于巧用器具，有办事能力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829523779.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，聪明能干，精于办事。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829954735.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829411467.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829931935.png，将篆文字形中的“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829688888.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829412103.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：任，符也。从人，壬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：任，委任状。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“壬”作声旁。

21疑yí疑，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132630165.png像一个拄着手杖的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132732325.png发傻地张大嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132346434.png，困惑而不知所向的样子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132895615.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132918388.png（十字路口），强调在十字路口迷路含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132157147.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132494435.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（牛，可能是“屰”之误写，迎面而来的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132298322.png（困惑地张着大嘴的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132353970.png（“彳”的误写）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132929616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132198159.png（止，行进），表示迷路者向迎面而来的行人问路。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132562956.png误将金文中张大的嘴巴https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132664544.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png，误将金文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132915652.png（人）写成“矢”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png，并以“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png代替“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132451497.png（“屰”之误写），表示小孩迷路。造字本义：动词，在十字路口不知所往。“疑”生于对外部的无知，致知即可释疑；“惑”生于内心的混乱，心乱生于贪欲——“四十不惑”，是指人到中年后能够看清自己真正的欲求而获得明智。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132795942.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132394513.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132528919.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132156734.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132356943.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132567396.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132543849.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132242238.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111132569641.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：疑，惑也。从子止匕，矢聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：疑，迷惑而不知所从。字形采用“子、止、匕”作边旁，采用“矢”作声旁。
三翻译：
1.22今天任务：
苦莫苦于多愿，悲莫悲于精散，病莫病于无常，短莫短于苟得，幽莫幽于贪鄙，
孤莫孤于自恃，危莫危于任疑苦莫苦于多愿。 1远古采集时代发现的味似黄连的荼草，捣烂涂抹病痛部位，可以清热解毒，是远古中药系统中的重要消炎药。（苦）太阳下山，阳光隐入丛林草野。（莫）远古采集时代发现的味似黄连的荼草，捣烂涂抹病痛部位，可以清热解毒，是远古中药系统中的重要消炎药。（苦）婉转起伏的竽管乐音。（于）一人独占双份、数份肉食（多）藏在心中的初始的想法、希望。（愿）翻译：苦来源于一人独占双份、数份肉食（多）藏在心中的初始的想法、希望。（愿）2.悲莫悲于精散。因违背意愿的意外变故而痛楚、哀伤。（悲）来源于“精”是生命能量的最高级形式，用以化血化气养神，精气有限，精竭人枯；（精）以外力破坏物体原有结构，使之分离成若干部分。（散）3病莫病于无常健康不佳而卧床休养（病）的根源在于头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）古代长期流行的服饰。（常）----不循常理。4短莫短于苟得。箭射得不远（短-----只能谋尺寸之事）的根源在于随便的，轻率的，胡乱的。（苟）捡到贝壳，喜获财富（得）5幽莫幽于贪鄙。火光极为微弱（幽--暗、昏）的根源在于对钱贝迷恋到想把它吞下去。（贪）垦荒种粮的边邑农村（鄙-----到极点）6孤莫孤于自恃。比喻没有父母依傍的、单独生活的孩子，通常指丧父、丧母或父母俱亡的孩子。（孤）的根源在于鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官（自）心里有所依仗（恃）7危莫危于任疑。人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。（危）的根源在于善于巧用器具，有办事能力（任）在十字路口不知所往。（疑）简单心得：成功：立功失败：多私长-----博谋安------忍辱苦----多愿先----修德悲----精散乐----好善病-----无常神----至诚短-----苟得明-----体物幽----贪鄙吉-----知足孤-----自恃危-----任疑选队站修德这一组，重要的是要能认真修炼，橛橛梗梗所以立功，孜孜淑淑所以保终。才能避免入了多愿这一列。四吟诵已经发群里。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-23 13:11:14

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-23 23:33 编辑

今天任务：
败莫败于多私。

联系本章前边的15句，把握最后一句；并概括一下本章一，二查字正音。

1败bài貝，既是声旁也是形旁，表示财宝。敗，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812872601.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812840660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812177566.png（貝，财宝）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812864774.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812734992.png（攴，持械敲打），表示毁坏宝贝。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812927238.png用“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812207720.png（至尊的象征）代替“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812177566.png（财宝），表示毁坏尊鼎。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812560726.png用“賏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812579690.png代替甲骨文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812177566.png，强调毁坏大量钱财。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812633154.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，敲破尊鼎或宝贝，损毁家当。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812850960.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812556154.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812981259.png，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812812265.png写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812105145.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“败”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812265665.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812981259.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812523654.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：敗，毀也。从攴、貝。敗賊皆从貝，會意。贁，籒文敗从賏。
附二白话版《说文解字》：败，毁坏。字形采用“攴、贝”会义。“败”、“贼”都采用“贝”作边旁会义。贁，这是籀文的“败”，采用“賏”作边旁。

2莫mò“莫”是“暮”的本字。莫，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427094857393933.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015119286866.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215115729441856.gif（两个“林”，林莽）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015119684541.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427093905217792.gif（日，太阳），表示太阳下山，阳光隐没在丛林草野。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427094416559013.gif将丛林https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215115729441856.gif改成草丛“茻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427094754531986.gif。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427100414602708.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427095236999863.gif承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，太阳下山，阳光隐入丛林草野。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427093518753818.gif误将篆文字形下端的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/16/20200216120118378420.gif（草丛）当作两只手而连写成“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427093642991137.gif。当“莫”的“太阳下山”本义消失后，隶书再加“日”另造“暮”代替。日在草上为“早”，日在草中为“莫”（暮），日在树下为“杳”。古人称日升而天地分明为“旦”，称日落而天地不分为“莫”（通“暮”）。
附一文言版《説文解字》：莫，日且冥也。从日，在艸中。
附二白话版《说文解字》：莫，太阳快下山。字形采用“日”作边旁，像太阳落在草丛中。

3于yú“于”是“竽”的本字。于，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930361270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930213683.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930734265.png（（于，即“竽”，竹管吹奏乐器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930696739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930371156.png（凹凸曲折），表示竽管乐音起伏迂回。在有柄的吹奏乐器“丂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930105886.png（参见“号”、“可”）的手柄部位加一横，表示手握乐器；凹凸曲折的符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930895137.png，表示乐音婉转起伏。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930257458.png省去凹凸起伏的符号。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930473704.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930764121.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930192415.png有所变形。造字本义：名词，婉转起伏的竽管乐音。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930791472.png恢复简体金文字形。当“于”的“竹笛”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021930321912.png再加“竹”另造“竽”代替。由于“于”（男女新婚仪式上必备的音乐演奏）与“於”（成双成对的鸟儿比翼齐飞）读音相同，而且含义存在内在关联，古人于是有时假借“于”代替“於”。《汉字简化方案》用“于”合并代替“於”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：于，於也，象气之舒亏。从丂，从一。一者，其气平之也。凡亏之屬皆從亏。今變隸作于。
附二白话版《说文解字》：于，即“於”，像气息的舒张与亏缺。字形采用“丂、一”会义。“一”代替气息平缓。所有与亏相关的字，都采用“亏”作边旁。现今“於”简化写作“于”。

4多duō多，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457632219.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457131099.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457364946.png（夕，肉块）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457897097.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457365092.png（夕，肉块），表示两份肉食。在物质匮乏的原始共产平分时代，人们均分物用，尤其均分对生在影响重大的肉食，一人独占双份或数份肉食，就是“超额”的破例。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457460214.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457472508.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，一人独占双份、数份肉食。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104457828850.png承续篆文字形。平分肉食为“宜”；独享双份肉食为“多”；堆积大量肉食为“叠”。附一文言版《説文解字》：多，重也。从重夕。夕者，相繹也，故爲多。重夕爲多，重日爲曡。凡多之屬皆从多。data:image/png;base64,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，古文多字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：多，重复。字形采用“重夕”会义。夕，表示相演绎，所以变成多。重叠“夕”字叫“多”；重叠“日”字叫“曡”。所有与多相关的字，都采用“多”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“多”。

5私sī甲骨文“私”（厶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421937589.png与“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421383914.png通用，像在胞衣中头朝下、尚未出生、不明性别不明模样的胎儿。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421315920.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421161104.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421698274.png（禾，代表粮食、财产）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421355208.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421367058.png（厶，胎儿）。造字本义：名词，不知其详的胎儿或暗藏的家产。在共产平分的原始时代，人们对胎儿与个人所隐藏的粮食、财物，既好奇又无奈。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421383914.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421445536.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421475215.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421874164.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421615497.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。
附一文言版《説文解字》：私，禾也。从禾，厶聲。北道名禾主人曰私主人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：私，禾谷。字形采用“禾”作边旁，采用“厶”作声旁。北方习惯上叫禾谷主人为“私主人”。
三翻译：1.23敲破尊鼎或宝贝，损毁家当。(败）太阳下山，阳光隐入丛林草野。（莫）婉转起伏的竽管乐音（于）一人独占双份、数份肉食。不知其详的胎儿或暗藏的家产（私）翻译：败在一个人独占数份不知其详的胎儿或暗藏的家产。----私欲多。志必衰，欲多则心散，心散则志衰，志衰则思不达也
简单体会：夫志心笃行之术——败莫败于多私
坚定的追求自己的志向，表示给马嘴套上透气的竹笼，使马不能嚼食路边的野草，以此降低草料对马的诱惑行走在纵横畅通于十字路口。成事----心有志，无私欲头不低不回往自己的志前进。败事-----多私欲。不断被路边的野草诱惑，走走吃吃，终不成事。整体把握全章，正反对比如下：1长莫长于博谋：达到长久的根本之道在于武力拼杀，捆绑俘获敌人。（博）因为对策略没把握而找人商讨（谋）
------神盛才能博谋。谋万世和全局，这才是圣贤之谋，才是博谋。人无远虑必有近忧，这里的远虑，也是博谋。与长相对的短则败。短莫短于苟得。箭射得不远（短-----只能谋尺寸之事）的根源在于随便的，轻率的，胡乱的。（苟）捡到贝壳，喜获财富（得）博谋万世和全局，是谋长远之计可长治久安。随便胡乱捡财富，没有目标则不会长久，因为没有大志。2. 安莫安于忍辱：达到男子建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子的根本之道在于心痛如割，但强迫坚持（忍）石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。（辱）。-----安己，养志之始，务在安己；己安，则志意实坚；志意实坚，则威势不分，神明常固守，乃能分之。
不忍辱使已安，则会一直心痛下去，-------悲，总是悲，会使精散-----神衰，不能体物。
3先莫先于修德：达到抢在他人之前到达的根本之道在于小心翼翼地着彩上色，装饰美化。（修）
正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。（德）-----修德则不会病。病莫病于无常健康不佳而卧床休养（病）的根源在于头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）古代长期流行的服饰。（常）----病是因为无德，病才落于人后。4乐莫乐于好善：达到边弹边唱，和着琴声的节奏歌唱。（乐）的根本之道是男女之间，相悦相求（好）神态安祥，言语亲和（善）。------心中有对方。相反孤莫孤于自恃。比喻没有父母依傍的、单独生活的孩子，通常指丧父、丧母或父母俱亡的孩子。（孤）的根源在于鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官（自）心里有所依仗（恃）-----内心只有自己。5神莫神于至诚：达到神的根本之道在于回到家里，躺下休息。（至）信守诺言的，真心实意的。（诚）危莫危于任疑。人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。（危）的根源在于善于巧用器具，有办事能力（任）在十字路口不知所往。（疑）-----因担心是慌乱的，所以神无法回到内心达到诚。
6明莫明于体物：达到日光或月光将空间照亮（明）的根本之道在于骨腔和诸多内脏组成的躯干。（体）杀牛。（物）-------内心与物接触到的真实体会。幽莫幽于贪鄙。火光极为微弱（幽--暗、昏）的根源在于对钱贝迷恋到想把它吞下去。（贪）垦荒种粮的边邑农村（鄙-----到极点）----------内心被私欲占满，无法接神体物。7达到国泰民安，百业呈祥（吉）的根本之道在于谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。（知）出征得胜，凯旋归邑。（足）------只有一个做好的志。苦莫苦于多愿。远古采集时代发现的味似黄连的荼草，捣烂涂抹病痛部位，可以清热解毒，是远古中药系统中的重要消炎药。（苦）太阳下山，阳光隐入丛林草野。（莫）远古采集时代发现的味似黄连的荼草，捣烂涂抹病痛部位，可以清热解毒，是远古中药系统中的重要消炎药。（苦）婉转起伏的竽管乐音。（于）一人独占双份、数份肉食（多）藏在心中的初始的想法、希望。（愿）翻译：苦来源于一人独占双份、数份肉食（多）藏在心中的初始的想法、希望。（愿）----多欲---苦------无法成大事，更不用说达到吉（国泰民安，百业吉祥）。苦，悲，病，短，幽，孤，危，-------这七种情况中都因藏着很多私欲而造成，成不了事，且伤身。伤身成实质----无神，志衰，则败。长，安，先，乐，神，明，吉-----这七种情况都因有着大志无私欲，保持盛神，志坚，能立功立事。1.23敲破尊鼎或宝贝，损毁家当。(败）太阳下山，阳光隐入丛林草野。（莫）婉转起伏的竽管乐音（于）一人独占双份、数份肉食。不知其详的胎儿或暗藏的家产（私）翻译：败在一个人独占数份不知其详的胎儿或暗藏的家产。----私欲多。志必衰，欲多则心散，心散则志衰，志衰则思不达也
四。简单体会：夫志心笃行之术——败莫败于多私
坚定的追求自己的志向，表示给马嘴套上透气的竹笼，使马不能嚼食路边的野草，以此降低草料对马的诱惑行走在纵横畅通于十字路口。成事----心有志，无私欲头不低不回往自己的志前进。败事-----多私欲。不断被路边的野草诱惑，走走吃吃，终不成事。整体把握全章，正反对比如下：1长莫长于博谋：达到长久的根本之道在于武力拼杀，捆绑俘获敌人。（博）因为对策略没把握而找人商讨（谋）
------神盛才能博谋。谋万世和全局，这才是圣贤之谋，才是博谋。人无远虑必有近忧，这里的远虑，也是博谋。与长相对的短则败。短莫短于苟得。箭射得不远（短-----只能谋尺寸之事）的根源在于随便的，轻率的，胡乱的。（苟）捡到贝壳，喜获财富（得）博谋万世和全局，是谋长远之计可长治久安。随便胡乱捡财富，没有目标则不会长久，因为没有大志。2. 安莫安于忍辱：达到男子建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子的根本之道在于心痛如割，但强迫坚持（忍）石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。（辱）。-----安己，养志之始，务在安己；己安，则志意实坚；志意实坚，则威势不分，神明常固守，乃能分之。
不忍辱使已安，则会一直心痛下去，-------悲，总是悲，会使精散-----神衰，不能体物。
3先莫先于修德：达到抢在他人之前到达的根本之道在于小心翼翼地着彩上色，装饰美化。（修）
正而不邪，行君子之道，即不狠不诈、不掠不盗、不强取苛求，坦然获得，无愧于心。（德）-----修德则不会病。病莫病于无常健康不佳而卧床休养（病）的根源在于头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）古代长期流行的服饰。（常）----病是因为无德，病才落于人后。4乐莫乐于好善：达到边弹边唱，和着琴声的节奏歌唱。（乐）的根本之道是男女之间，相悦相求（好）神态安祥，言语亲和（善）。------心中有对方。相反孤莫孤于自恃。比喻没有父母依傍的、单独生活的孩子，通常指丧父、丧母或父母俱亡的孩子。（孤）的根源在于鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官（自）心里有所依仗（恃）-----内心只有自己。5神莫神于至诚：达到神的根本之道在于回到家里，躺下休息。（至）信守诺言的，真心实意的。（诚）危莫危于任疑。人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。（危）的根源在于善于巧用器具，有办事能力（任）在十字路口不知所往。（疑）-----因担心是慌乱的，所以神无法回到内心达到诚。
6明莫明于体物：达到日光或月光将空间照亮（明）的根本之道在于骨腔和诸多内脏组成的躯干。（体）杀牛。（物）-------内心与物接触到的真实体会。幽莫幽于贪鄙。火光极为微弱（幽--暗、昏）的根源在于对钱贝迷恋到想把它吞下去。（贪）垦荒种粮的边邑农村（鄙-----到极点）----------内心被私欲占满，无法接神体物。7达到国泰民安，百业呈祥（吉）的根本之道在于谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。（知）出征得胜，凯旋归邑。（足）------只有一个做好的志。苦莫苦于多愿。远古采集时代发现的味似黄连的荼草，捣烂涂抹病痛部位，可以清热解毒，是远古中药系统中的重要消炎药。（苦）太阳下山，阳光隐入丛林草野。（莫）远古采集时代发现的味似黄连的荼草，捣烂涂抹病痛部位，可以清热解毒，是远古中药系统中的重要消炎药。（苦）婉转起伏的竽管乐音。（于）一人独占双份、数份肉食（多）藏在心中的初始的想法、希望。（愿）翻译：苦来源于一人独占双份、数份肉食（多）藏在心中的初始的想法、希望。（愿）----多欲---苦------无法成大事，更不用说达到吉（国泰民安，百业吉祥）。苦，悲，病，短，幽，孤，危，-------这七种情况中都因藏着很多私欲而造成，成不了事，且伤身。伤身成实质----无神，志衰，则败。长，安，先，乐，神，明，吉-----这七种情况都因有着大志无私欲，保持盛神，志坚，能立功立事。五吟诵已发群里。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-24 17:04:34

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-24 23:09 编辑

陈刚(老梦) 1-24 06:38:39
今天任务：

第五章遵义
以明示下者暗，有过不知者蔽，迷而不返者惑，
以言取怨者祸，令与心乖者废，后令缪前者毁，
怒而无威者犯，好直辱人者殃，戮辱所任者危，

陈刚(老梦) 1-24 06:42:52
义，大约是心中的是非标准。来源于一个人的内在身份感和责任界限，而这个标准和界限又符合道德检验。

陈刚(老梦) 1-24 06:57:42
立功立事，终归是需要有个人的。这个人的志与思（内心的秉持与运行），持续不断的导航着他的言行，最终内得功，外得事（职）1以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　
附一文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

2明míng明，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082541915085.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112468596.png（日，太阳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082621328054.gif（月亮），表示白天与黑夜发光的两个天体（古人以为月亮在夜里发光）。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112934504389.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/7/20200307100955838498.gif（月亮）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513101615484798.gif（囧，窗牖），表示月光透过窗户照亮夜里的房间。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513111958294469.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513111923125378.gif承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112934504389.gif。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112159309153.gif承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082541915085.gif。造字本义：动词，日光或月光将空间照亮。“明”侧重表示日光充足；“朗”侧重表示月光充足。附一文言版《説文解字》：朙，照也。从月，从囧。凡朙之屬皆从朙。
附二白话版《说文解字》：朙，日月照耀。字形由“月、囧”会义。所有与“朙”有关的字，都采用“朙”作边旁。

3示shì示，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758761122.png是特殊指事字，一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758150369.png代表“天”；一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758182294.png代表地上人间的世人向上天的祝祷求告。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758323058.png把代表上苍的横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758150369.png写成两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758107233.png，用上短下长代表朝上的方向，代表天宇。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758665634.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758683771.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758788010.png（向上天祝祷求告）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758699533.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758296924.png（水，血滴，借代牺牲祭品），表示向天神奉献牺牲祭品，祈求天神显明奥秘，赐福人间。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758108513.png将“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758296924.png（血滴）简写成两点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758589102.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758917804.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758568740.png基本承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，以牺牲的血肉为祭品，向天神祝祷求告，祈求显明奥秘和降福。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105758603108.png继承篆文字形。附一文言版《説文解字》：示，天垂象，見吉凶，所以示人也。从二。三垂，日月星也。觀乎天文，以察時變。示，神事也。凡示之屬皆从示。data:image/png;base64,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，古文示。
附二白话版《说文解字》：示，上天垂示征象，向求告者显示吉凶。字形采用“二”（天）作边旁。字形中的三垂笔，分别代表日、月、星辰。人内务观察宇宙天象，借以推测时世的变化。示，是神祇的事。所有与示相关的字，都采用“示”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“示”。

4下xià“下”是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，顶端一横较长，底端的一横较短。古人用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png代表混沌太初状态；用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230147841.png将表示“天”的北端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的南端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png承续甲骨文字形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230978137.png，以显示纵的方向。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230924770.png省去短横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230842678.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与天相对的地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230635098.png承续金文字形。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底也。指事。下，篆文data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底部。“下”是指事字。下，篆文写作“data:image/png;base64,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”。

5者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo5RkM2NkY3M0ZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDQwRiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5RkM2NkY3NEZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDBGIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6OUY2NkY3MUZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDQwRiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5RkM2NkY3MkZBNTExRTlBMjdEQjY2NzQwNEYwNDBGIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEA5JmsxgAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNj+PuDAYjeSDC8/QFFQPD/B8P7HVB0PYJh1wuG2g8A2iEVyLuwPiIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo5RkM2NkY3M0ZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDQwRiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5RkM2NkY3NEZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDBGIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6OUY2NkY3MUZBMTUxMUU5QTI3REI2Njc0MDRGMDQwRiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo5RkM2NkY3MkZBNTExRTlBMjdEQjY2NzQwNEYwNDBGIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEA5JmsxgAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNj+PuDAYjeSDC8/QFFQPD/B8P7HVB0PYJh1wuG2g8A2iEVyLuwPiIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，是古文的“旅”字。

6暗àn音，既是声旁也是形旁，是“黯”的省略，表示颜色深黑。暗，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726261862.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726672107.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/15/20200315055839417089.gif（日，天色）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726622544.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726493269.png（音，即“黯”，颜色深黑），表示天色深黑。造字本义：形容词，日暮天黑，完全无光。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/12/20200512122344822189.gif将篆文字形中的“音”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726493269.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/12/20200512122605293580.gif。太阳西沉为“昏”；完全天黑为“暗”。附一文言版《説文解字》：暗，日無光也。从日，音聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：暗，虽在白天却没有光亮。字形采用“日”作边旁，采用“音”作声旁。

7有yǒu“又”是“有”的本字。又，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631281572.png是象形字，字形像手张开，有所抓持。当“又”的“持有”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631870139.png再加“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631156015.png另造“有”代替，突出“手持肉食”的本义。远古时代肉食是生存资料中极为重要的部分，古人因此以“持肉”借代为“持有”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631363668.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，手持肉食。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631393533.png将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631291209.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023631314781.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：有，不宜有也。《春秋傳》曰：“日月有食之。”从月，又聲。凡有之屬皆从有。
附二白话版《说文解字》：有，不合理的持有。《春秋传》上说：“日、月有吞食它们的日食、月食现象。”字形采用“月”作边旁，采用“又”作声旁。所有与“有”字有关的字，都采用“有”作边旁。

8过guò咼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示残骨，借代死亡。過，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854703617.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854716116.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854506162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png（残骨，借代死亡），表示生命在岁月的行进中化成枯骨。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854818755.png将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png，将金文字形中的残骨形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png写成“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png。造字本义：动词，在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854650972.png将篆文字形或的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png写成“走字底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854333262.png，将篆文字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png。《汉字简化方案》中简体楷书“过”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854115298.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854764153.png，将正体楷书字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854762235.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：過，度也。从辵，咼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：过，经由，经度。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“咼”作声旁。

9不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

10知zhī“知”是“智”的本字。矢，既是声旁也是形旁，表示箭，借代行猎、作战。知，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702947251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702714676.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702978329.png（干，武器，借代行猎、作战）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702897854.png（口，谈论）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702998857.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900734.png（矢，武器，借代行猎、作战），表示谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。在远古时代，弯弓使箭是成年人的基本常识和重要经验。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702577998.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702205237.png省去“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702453295.png，简化字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702949824.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702192883.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702484675.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702275600.png。当“知”的形容词含义“聪明、有战略”消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702900151.png再加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022702919768.png（说，传授）另造“智”代替，强调谈论和传授经验。附一文言版《説文解字》：知，詞也。从口，从矢。
附二白话版《说文解字》：知，表达了解、明白时的措词。字形采用“口、矢”会义。

11者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

12蔽bì敝，既是声旁也是形旁，表示扯破布帛。蔽，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926833421.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926399942.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926580927.png（艸，草木）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926811239.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926127231.png（敝，扯破），表示扯下树枝草叶。造字本义：动词，扯下树枝草叶作为伪装加以遮盖隐藏。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926535355.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926580927.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926915797.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926127231.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021926840101.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：蔽，蔽蔽，小艸也。从艸，敝聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：蔽，细细密密地覆盖，是密集的小草。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“敝”作声旁。

13迷mí米，既是声旁也是形旁，是“眯”的省略，表示看不清。迷，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040194586.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040847902.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040927798.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040764947.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040579329.png（米，即“眯”的省略，半睁眼睛，看不清），表示看不清前路。造字本义：动词，辨不清前进的方向。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040128931.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040927798.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040895962.png，将篆文字形中的“米”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040579329.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111041153514.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：迷，或也。从辵，米聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：迷，因失去方向而困惑。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“米”作声旁。

14而ér“而”是“耏”的本字。而，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602717009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602338052.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png（口，嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602702798.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png（下垂的须发），表示垂在下巴的长须。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602680532.png把“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602972787.png形简化成下唇的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602404452.png将甲骨文字形中的下巴形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602588296.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602190900.png，将甲骨文字形中的须束https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602666773.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602470734.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602619158.png有所变形，误将独体字拆写成上下两部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602806351.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，下巴上的胡须。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602836975.png承续篆文字形。当“而”的“胡须”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602210718.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602570509.png（毛发）另造“耏”代替。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。附一文言版《説文解字》：而，頰毛也。象毛之形。《周禮》曰：“作其鱗之而。”凡而之屬皆从而。
附二白话版《说文解字》：而，脸颊上的络腮胡子。字形像毛发之形。《周礼》上有句子说，“振作起它的麟和脸颊上的毛”。所有与而相关的字，都采用“而”作边旁。

15不“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

16返fǎn反，既是声旁也是形旁，表示背逆。返，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849198333.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849492664.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849443631.png（彳，出行）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849537548.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849809299.png（反，逆向）。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849254636.png加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849585158.png（脚），强调行走含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849808633.png调整结构。造字本义：动词，与出行相反，即回家，回归。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849798967.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849561037.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849352273.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849455449.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105849978684.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：返，還也。从辵，从反，反亦聲。《商書》曰：“祖甲返。”data:image/png;base64,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，《春秋傳》返从彳。
附二白话版《说文解字》：返，回还。字形采用“辵、反”会义，“反”也是声旁。《商书》上说：“祖甲返。”data:image/png;base64,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，这是《春秋传》中的“返”字，字形采用“彳”作边旁。

17者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

18惑huò或，既是声旁也是形旁，表示不确定。惑，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847413985.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847889724.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847718400.png（或，不确定）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847889473.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847185878.png（心）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847109349.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，心乱，不明确。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847640101.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847596448.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847220689.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847938079.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847654590.png。“疑”生于对外部的无知，致知即可释疑；“惑”生于内心的混乱，心乱则生于贪欲——“四十不惑”是指人到中年，能够看清自己真正的欲求而得明智。附一文言版《説文解字》：惑，亂也。从心，或聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：惑，内心迷乱。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“或”作声旁。

19言yán言，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051719954.png是指事字，字形在舌https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051937032.png的舌尖位置加一短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051250865.png，表示舌头发出的动作。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051278355.png省去短横指事符号，将舌形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051264562.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051952951.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051670562.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051500280.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，鼓舌说话。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051892385.png将篆文字形中的舌形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051562369.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051616709.png。晚期隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051298260.png把舌形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051616709.png简化成三横加“口”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023051605696.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：言，直言曰言，論難曰語。从口，䇂聲。凡言之屬皆从言。
附二白话版《说文解字》：言，直说叫“言”，论争辩驳叫“语”。字形采用“口”作边旁，采用“䇂”作声旁。所有与言相差的字，都采用“言”作边旁。

20取qǔ取，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514792835.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514457058.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514535192.png（耳朵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514447313.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514890147.png（用手抓），表示手持割下的耳朵。古代战争中，士兵割下死敌的耳朵作为评价战绩的依据。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514933694.png将甲骨文字形中的手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514890147.png写成明确的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514559827.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514368551.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，割下死敌的耳朵，以示战功。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514222100.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514332288.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514983524.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：取，捕取也。从又，从耳。《周禮》：“獲者取左耳。”《司馬法》曰：“載獻聝。”聝者，耳也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：取，捕杀。字形采用“又、耳”会义。《周礼》上说：“获胜者割下敌人的左耳。”《司马法》上说：“载献聝。”聝，就是耳朵。

21怨夗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，表示弯曲、回转。怨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410750773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713198618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png（夗，即“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，弯曲回转）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713178887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png（心，情绪），表示委婉、迂回表达的负面情绪。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/16/20200116090226266386.gif将金文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png写成“命”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410107754.png，将籀文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410394136.png，表示对强令的不满。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713419582.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713509642.png将篆文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713179371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713840325.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713716123.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713921385.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：怨，恚也。从心，夗聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨。
附二白话版《说文解字》：怨，藏恨于心。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“夗”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨字。

22者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

23祸huò禍，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755839669.png像大块骨头上刻有很多符号。有的甲骨文写作“占”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755567455.png，表示祭祀占卜时显示的凶兆。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755472923.png加“犬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755179961.png（猎），表示用来刻写的骨头来自猎物。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755892794.png省去甲骨文的“犬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755179961.png，将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755460034.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755448391.png，加“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755159888.png，强调“祸”的凶兆与祭祀占卜的关系。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755827097.png将金文字形中的“骨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755448391.png写成“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755916120.png。造字本义：动词，神因人的过犯而降下死难。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755984080.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755219735.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755161631.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755916120.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755164159.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“祸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755744692.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755164159.png简化成“呙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755574757.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：禍，害也，神不福也。从示，咼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：禍，灾害，表示神灵不予保祐。字形采用“示”作边旁，采用“咼”作声旁。

24令lìng“令”是“命”的本字。令，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101581515.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101969445.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101756398.png（朝下的“口”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101239280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101852422.png（人，等候指示的下级），表示上级指示下级。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101437734.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101706517.png将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101999832.png写成“卩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101782993.png。造字本义：动词，上级向下级授命，作出权威性指示。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101720897.png将篆文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101393038.png写成“人”加一点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101292963.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101782993.png写成反写的“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101843298.png，至此“令”的“口”形和“人”形消失。当“令”成为常规名词后，金文再加“口”另造“命”代替其动词功能。附一文言版《説文解字》：令，發號也。从亼、卪。
附二白话版《说文解字》：令，发号。字形采用“亼、卪”会义。

25与yù与，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837104242.png是指事字，字形在“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837242396.png（食勺）上加一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837688686.png，表示用勺子添食。造字本义：动词，用食勺为别人添食。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837940555.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837242396.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837731889.png。《汉字简化方案》用“与”合并代替“與”。附一文言版《説文解字》：与，賜予也。一勺爲与。此与，與同。
附二白话版《说文解字》：与，赐予。“一”、“勺”会义成“与”字。这个字与“與”字含义相同。

26心xīn心，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157931172.png是象形字，字形像包形的内脏器官。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157639787.png在包形器官https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157999348.png基础上增加动脉和静脉的入口管道形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157149033.png，并在包形器官的内部增加一点表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png，整个字形像人体内包形的泵血器官。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157271167.png简化血管形状。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157891460.png省去表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157341684.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，人体的泵血器官，从静脉接受血液并将其压入动脉从而维持血液在整个循环系统中的流动。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157316548.png变形较大，至此，泵血器官的包形消失、血管形状消失。古人发现，心不仅是泵血器官，还是感知器官，具有直觉思维的能力。附一文言版《説文解字》：心，人心，土藏，在身之中。象形。博士說以爲火藏。凡心之屬皆从心。
附二白话版《说文解字》：心，人的心脏，是属于土性的臟器，藏在身躯的中央位置。字形像泵血器官的形状。也有博学之士说，心是属火的臟器。所有与心相关的字，都采用“心”作边旁。

27乖guāi瓜，既是声旁也是形旁，即“苽”，表示孤伶伶、静悄悄挂在藤蔓上的果实。乖，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853686717.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853410663.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853365228.png（人，当事人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853820548.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577180.png（瓜，即“苽”，藤蔓上孤伶伶、静悄悄的果实），表示人如瓜，比喻孤单而安静。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853626293.png以垂蔓形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577460.png（“苽”的省略）代替“瓜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577180.png，以“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853586334.png（背）代替“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853365228.png，表示背离人群，孤僻。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853164975.png误将籀文字形中两个“人”构成的“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853586334.png写成“兆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853808299.png。造字本义：动词，像闷瓜一样不合群，孤僻独处。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853780586.png误将籀文字形中的垂蔓形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577460.png写成“千”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853290129.png，将籀文字形中的“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853586334.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853881973.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：乖，戾也。从data:image/png;base64,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 从data:image/png;base64,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。data:image/png;base64,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，古文別。
附二白话版《说文解字》：乖，怪戾。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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、data:image/png;base64,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”会义。“乖”字中的“data:image/png;base64,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”，是古文写法的“別”字。

28者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

29废fèi發，既是声旁也是形旁，表示投射、攻击。廢，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835115579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835480011.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835230045.png（广，简易建筑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835934026.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/7/20200407101154931149.gif（發，投枪发箭，代指战争），表示战争破坏建筑。造字本义：动词，战争杀戮，摧毁房舍。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835820889.png将篆文字形中的“發”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/7/20200407101154931149.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835357691.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“废”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835692613.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中“發”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835357691.png简化成“发”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105835857804.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：廢，屋頓也。从广，發聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：废，房屋倒塌。字形采用“广”作边旁，采用“發”作声旁。

30后hòu“司”与“后”本同源，后分化。口，既是声旁也是形旁，表示嘴巴，发音、说话的器官。后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822929950.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822833846.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822880752.png（卜，权杖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822122224.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822124534.png（口，嘴巴，借代号令、命令），表示发号施令的最高权力者。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822266207.png将甲骨文字形中的写成。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822697620.png承续金文字形。卜辞中有的甲骨文以“毓”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822354943.png代“后”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822929950.png，表示生育能力强的妇女。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822546111.png将“后”成“反司”，以区别于一般意义上的掌权者“司”。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822987091.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822461281.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822681413.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，生殖崇拜的母系氏族时代发号施令的女王。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022822526710.png继承篆文字形。《汉字简化方案》用“后”合并代替“後”。在生殖崇拜的母系时代，社会最高权力者为智慧而生殖力强的妇女“后”；进入父系社会后，最高权力掌握在能征善战的男性手里，“后”的地位由女王下降为第一女性。附一文言版《説文解字》：后，繼體君也。象人之形。施令以告四方，故⺁之。从一口，發令者，君后也。凡后之屬皆从后。
附二白话版《说文解字》：后，继承王位的君主。data:image/png;base64,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象人之形。发布号令通告天下四方，所以广布。字形采用“一、口”会义，发号施令者，就是君王之后。所有与后相关的字，都采用“后”作边旁。

31令lìng“令”是“命”的本字。令，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101581515.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101969445.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101756398.png（朝下的“口”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101239280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101852422.png（人，等候指示的下级），表示上级指示下级。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101437734.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101706517.png将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101999832.png写成“卩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101782993.png。造字本义：动词，上级向下级授命，作出权威性指示。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101720897.png将篆文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101393038.png写成“人”加一点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101292963.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101782993.png写成反写的“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101843298.png，至此“令”的“口”形和“人”形消失。当“令”成为常规名词后，金文再加“口”另造“命”代替其动词功能。附一文言版《説文解字》：令，發號也。从亼、卪。
附二白话版《说文解字》：令，发号。字形采用“亼、卪”会义。

32缪móu翏，既是声旁也是形旁，表示古代族长在头上插饰羽毛。繆，诅楚文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156902229.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156541303.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156359444.png（糸，绸）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156103581.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156281643.png（翏，族长在头上插饰羽毛），表示在头部系绸。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156958890.png承续诅楚文字形。造字本义：动词，用丝绸缠绕头部或用围巾缠绕颈脖。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156602003.png将篆文字形中的“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156360097.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156632959.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156644241.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156588683.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“缪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156327938.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156632959.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105156781234.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：繆，枲之十絜也。一曰綢繆。从糸，翏聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：缪，十束麻。另一种说法认为，“缪”是缠绵束缚的意思。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用“翏”作声旁。

33前qián“前”是“歬”的异体字。歬，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117951674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117326033.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117426956.png（止，脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117553183.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117443302.png（舟，航船）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117553183.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117468779.png（行，行进），表示徒步拉船逆流而上。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117177436.png省去“行”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117468779.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117642450.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117909028.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117884713.png加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117221325.png（纤夫），将“歬”写成“前”，强调纤夫拉船。造字本义：动词，纤夫拉船，逆流而上。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117355559.png误将篆文字形中的“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117979535.png写成“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117241477.png；误将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117221325.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117755207.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117126820.png将“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117677963.png草写成两点加一横的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117514784.png，至此“前”的字形面目全非。古籍多以“前”代替“歬”。附一文言版《説文解字》：前，不行而進謂之歬。从止在舟上。
附二白话版《说文解字》：前，不行而进叫做“前”。字形采用“止、舟”会义，表示双脚站在船上不动。

35毁huǐ“燬”和“譭”是“毁”的异体字。毁，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851162655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851792218.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851904156.png（像陶器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851964689.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851437537.png（壬，即“任”的本字，聪明能干）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851964689.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851260841.png（攴，持械打击），表示持械打破精工制作的陶器。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851205111.png将金文字形中的陶器形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851904156.png写成“臼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851169893.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851143674.png将籀文字形中的“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851357609.png（聪明能干）写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851844803.png（土制陶器），强调打破精美而脆弱的陶器。造字本义：动词，将宝贵而脆弱的精美陶器打破，使之失去盛器作用。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851101889.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851681918.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851325453.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851457442.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851126073.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851605039.png将正体楷书字形中的“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851963722.png写成“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105851838867.png（精巧），表示打破精巧做工的陶器。古籍多以“毁”代替“燬”和“譭”。附一文言版《説文解字》：毁，缺也。从土，毇省聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文毁从壬。
附二白话版《说文解字》：毁，陶器打破缺口。字形采用“土”作边旁，采用省略了“米”的“毇”字作声旁。“data:image/png;base64,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 ”，这是古文写法的“毁”字，采用“壬”作边旁。

36怒nù奴，既是声旁也是形旁，表示为人役使的女子。怒，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904934516.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904160860.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904860103.png（女，即“奴”的省略，为人役使）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904698472.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904726981.png（心，不满态度），表示妾奴对主人役使的不满。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904731626.png将金文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904860103.png写成“奴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904937074.png。造字本义：动词，妾奴对主人的无情役使发泄不满。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904847794.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904937074.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904762650.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904946349.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904905378.png。“恕”、“怒”在金文中通用，篆文分化：女子宽谅他人的冒犯为“恕”，奴妾反抗主人的无情役使为“怒”。附一文言版《説文解字》：怒，恚也。从心，奴聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：怒，愤恨。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“奴”作声旁。

38无wú无，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735836604.png是指事字，字形在表示“秃头”的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png字上加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735927534.png指事符号，表示全秃，强调“兀”的程度。造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735914971.png将篆文字形中的“兀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735317880.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104735676357.png。“兀”是秃顶；“无”是全秃，完全光头。附一文言版《説文解字》：無，亡也。从亡，無聲。无，奇字无，通于元者。王育说，天屈西北为无。
附二白话版《说文解字》：無，没有。字形采用“亡”作边旁，采用“無”作声旁。“无”，这是一个奇字，是“元”的撇画向上贯通而产生的奇字。王育说，天穹向西北弓屈叫作“无”。

39威wēi威，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633994924.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633469429.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633928304.png（戌，刑具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633589757.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633182221.png（女，女子），表示对女子施刑。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633464673.png将“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633928304.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633693179.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633377747.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，封建时代对不守妇道的女子施刑，以警示妇女遵守妇道。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633865321.png将篆文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633852786.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633699311.png，将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/13/20200813020005689954.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633157605.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：威，姑也。从女，从戌。漢律曰：“婦告威姑。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：威，丈夫的母亲。字形采用“女、戌”会义。汉朝的律法中曾提及“妇人告发丈夫的母亲。”

41犯fàn犬，既是声旁也是形旁，是“狂”的省略，表示发疯。犯，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710357909.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710283954.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710315210.png（犬，即“狂”的省略，疯狗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710323490.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710646579.png（犯，即“人”的变形），表示疯狗侵袭人。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710616705.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710315210.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710786166.png。造字本义：动词，疯狗侵袭、攻击陌生人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710592410.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710786166.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710739641.png，将篆文字形中的“犯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710646579.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021710581470.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：犯，侵也。从犬，巳聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：犯，狗侵袭人。字形采用“犬”作边旁，采用“巳”作声旁。

42好好（hào），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023513603887.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941114332.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023521432775.gif（女，女子）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941960119.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023528844176.gif（子，男子），表示男女亲密相处。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023546996710.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023554838487.gif基本承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，男女之间，相悦相求。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023620395565.gif将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803072134687872.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023629697981.gif，将篆文字形中的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023658356335.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/30/20200630023636180296.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：好，美也。从女、子。
附二白话版《说文解字》：好，女子美丽漂亮。字形采用“女、子”会义。

43直zhí直，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715577665.png是指事字，字形在眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715633413.png上加一竖线指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715343515.png，表示目光向正前方看。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715544474.png误将短竖线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715343515.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715314317.png，并加一曲形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715233475.png，表示去曲求正。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715676881.png在“直”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715463543.png的字形上加“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715229898.png，表示木匠眯眼看木料，以便消除凸曲部分。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715836356.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，正视，面对而不回避。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715131839.png将转曲形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715797880.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022715472686.png。当“直”的“正视前方”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“值”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：直，正見也。从∟，从十，从目。data:image/png;base64,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，古文直。
附二白话版《说文解字》：直，正视。字形采用“∟、十、目”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文写法的“直”。

44辱rǔ“辰”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226015514434296.gif”的异体字；而“辰”是“䢅”、“振”和“辱”的本字；而“辱”又是“耨”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226015514434296.gif，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094731957258.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023433397034.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094740386392.gif（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226020209185000.gif，是“石”的简写，借代石器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023433935532.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094747716791.gif（是“丮”的简写，即“执”的本字，双手持握），表示手执石器，进行原始的劳作生产；其中“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226020209185000.gif”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094740386392.gif是“石”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225095521233957.gif的简写、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094747716791.gif是“丮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094810167860.gif（执，双手抓持）的简写。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225095937419699.gif将“石”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094740386392.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225095946540843.gif，将“丮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094747716791.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225095956740346.gif。甲骨文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225100411364421.gif用“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225100419259331.gif（单手抓持）代替“丮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225094747716791.gif（执，双手抓持）。当“辰”的“手持石器、砍斫挖凿”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225103101984843.gif再加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225103121883525.gif（抓持）另造“辱”代替、或甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226023149443260.gif加双手“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226023200465992.gif另造“䢅”代替、或金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226023216421567.gif再加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/26/20201226023225766937.gif另造“振”代替，强调手持石器的劳作的含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229062816879430.gif基本承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/25/20201225103101984843.gif，将甲骨文字形中的“辰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229062854946101.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229062906160243.gif。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063247519184.gif将“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063326764216.gif写成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063337704703.gif，强调“持握”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063539845198.gif将金文字形中的“辰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063611375365.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063619468116.gif。造字本义：动词，石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063752246311.gif将篆文字形中的“辰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063619468116.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063843439496.gif，将篆文字形中的“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063832375819.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/29/20201229063853143364.gif。当“辱”的“垦田耕作”本义消失后，俗体楷书再加“耒”（翻土耕地）另造“耨”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：辱，恥也。从寸在辰下。失耕時，於封畺上戮之也。辰者，農之時也。故房星爲辰，田候也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：辱，蒙恥。字形采用“寸”作边旁，表示“寸”（法“在“辰”（农时）下，意思是，有人错过农耕时机，人们就在封土上羞辱他。“辰”代表农历三月，是农耕时令。也因此房星叫“辰星”，代表开春耕田的征候。

45人

47殃yāng央，既是声旁也是形旁，表示绞刑。殃，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446778141.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446575250.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446477690.png（歹，残骨，借代活剐）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446680880.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446420516.png（央，绞刑），表示施行活剐或绞刑。造字本义：动词，活剐或绞死。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446713855.png将篆文字形中的“歺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446477690.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446578296.png，将篆文字形中的“央”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446420516.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104446942391.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：殃，咎也。从歺，央聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：殃，神降的惩罚。字形采用“歺”作边旁，采用“央”作声旁。

48戮lù翏，，既是声旁也是形旁，是“僇”的本字，表示头戴羽饰的老族长。戮，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605717307.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605994843.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605236628.png（翏，即“僇”，老族长）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605680810.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605601841.png（戈，杀伐），表示杀死族长。造字本义：动词，杀死头戴羽饰的长者（即族长），表示部族灭绝，集体屠杀。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605596405.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605236628.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605771223.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605601841.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605927347.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：戮，殺也。从戈，翏聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：戮，屠杀。字形采用“戈”作边旁，采用“翏”作声旁。

50所suǒ斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斫”的省略，表示刀斧砍、削。所，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061551504926.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108495674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif（户，门窗，借代房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108578877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif（斤，即“斫”的省略，用刀斧砍、削），表示伐木筑屋。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061650124601.gif将金文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif。造字本义：动词，木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061741580887.gif将篆文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061749571171.gif，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061756848163.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：所，伐木聲也。从斤，戶聲。《诗》曰：“伐木所所。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：所，砍伐树木的声音。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“户”作声旁。《诗经》有诗句唱道：“挥斧伐木，所所传响。”

51任rèn任，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829357162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829186833.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829518301.png（工，巧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829118630.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829618451.png（人，远古的手工业者），表示能工巧匠。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829630971.png在“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829497003.png的握柄上加圆点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829501247.png，写成“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829364147.png，表示善于巧用器具，有办事能力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829523779.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，聪明能干，精于办事。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829954735.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829411467.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829931935.png，将篆文字形中的“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829688888.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829412103.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：任，符也。从人，壬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：任，委任状。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“壬”作声旁。

53危wēi危，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903394337.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903487843.png（像悬崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png（像坠石），表示悬崖坠石。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903819604.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903308619.png将坠石形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png繁化为https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903810755.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903505565.png。金文另造会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903556989.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903325061.png（人，……）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903372949.png（厂，崖岩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903920079.png（巳，即“人”的变形），表示人在崖顶，担心坠崖；人在崖下，担心坠石。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903511445.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903912103.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903984541.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903681086.png；将篆文字形中的“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903132745.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903684129.png；将篆文字形中的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903446809.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903301155.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：危，在高而懼也。从厃，自卪止之。凡危之屬皆从危。
附二白话版《说文解字》：危，人在高处而恐惧。字形采用“厃”作边旁，表示自卪履高而止。所有与危相关的字，都采用“危”作边旁。

三翻译：以明示下者暗 1母子脐带相连，形神特征相传（以）日光或月光将空间照亮(明）以牺牲的血肉为祭品，向天神祝祷求告，祈求显明奥秘和降福。（示）与天相对的地（下）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）日暮天黑，完全无光（暗）。---------以日光或月光将空间照亮向天神祈求显明奥秘和降福给地，却是暗。有过不知者蔽手持肉食。（有）在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。（过）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。（不）谈论和传授行猎、作战的经验（知）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）扯下树枝草叶作为伪装加以遮盖隐藏。（蔽）-------有过，不谈论和传授行猎，作战的经验，则扯下树枝草叶作为伪装加以遮盖隐藏。----无法反省。迷而不返者惑辨不清前进的方向。（迷）下巴上的胡须（而）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居（不）与出行相反，即回家，回归（返）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）心乱，不明确（惑）-----辨不清前进的方向而不回家，心乱，不明确。-----神无法回心舍。以言取怨者祸母子脐带相连，形神特征相传（以）鼓舌说话（言）割下死敌的耳朵，以示战功（取）以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。（怨）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）神因人的过犯而降下死难。（祸）----以鼓舌说话取得怨（用词不当招来怨），神因此会降下死难。----思不达。令与心乖者废，上级向下级授命，作出权威性指示。（令）用食勺为别人添食（与）人体的泵血器官，从静脉接受血液并将其压入动脉从而维持血液在整个循环系统中的流动。（心）像闷瓜一样不合群，孤僻独处。（乖）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）动词，战争杀戮，摧毁房舍。（废）----上级向下级授命，作出权威性指示与心不合，则会被杀戮，房舍被摧毁。------心气不一。后令缪前者毁生殖崇拜的母系氏族时代发号施令的女王。（后）上级向下级授命，作出权威性指示（令）用丝绸缠绕头部或用围巾缠绕颈脖（缪）纤夫拉船，逆流而上（前）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）将宝贵而脆弱的精美陶器打破，使之失去盛器作用。（毁）----后面的令缠绕前面的令的，则会被打破。----神丧，则仿佛，仿佛则参会不一。怒而无威者犯，妾奴对主人的无情役使发泄不满。（怒）下巴上的胡须（而）头顶全秃，没有头发。（无）封建时代对不守妇道的女子施刑，以警示妇女遵守妇道（威）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）疯狗侵袭、攻击陌生人。（犯）-------发泄不满而完全没有警示，则会被疯狗侵袭、攻击。---发泄------心不舍神。好直辱人者殃男女之间，相悦相求（好）正视，面对而不回避（直）石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。（辱）人古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）活剐或绞死（殃）-----爱好直接辱人的，则殃。-----自恃----心中无道。戮辱所任者危杀死头戴羽饰的长者（即族长），表示部族灭绝，集体屠杀。（戮）石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。（辱）木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门（所）聪明能干，精于办事（任）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。（者）人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。（危）-----杀死头戴羽饰的长者（即族长），表示部族灭绝，集体屠杀。（戮）辱所任用的，危险。--------神不体物。四简单体会：以上几句全部是表现为心中无道，心不舍神，不体物，无德之表现。五吟诵已经发群里面。

睿涵发表于 2021-1-25 11:49:36

本帖最后由睿涵于 2021-1-25 22:05 编辑

1.25今天任务：

慢其所敬者凶，貌合心离者孤，亲谗远忠者亡，
近色远贤者昏，女谒公行者乱，私人以官者浮，
凌下取胜者侵，名不胜实者耗。
1慢màn曼，既是声旁也是形旁，是“嫚”的本字，表示舞女目光在纱巾的半遮半掩中流转，亦即不用双眼正视。慢，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712178951.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712741024.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712811195.png（心，情感、态度）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712642996.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712122220.png（曼，即“嫚”，目光流转），表示态度含蓄，目光流转。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712796892.png将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712811195.png写成“竖心旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/11/20200311030302852714.gif，将金文字形中的“曼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712122220.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712710574.png。造字本义：动词，女子态度含蓄，目光流转。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712209002.png将篆文字形中的“竖心旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/11/20200311030302852714.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712570142.png，将篆文字形中的“曼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712710574.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712554393.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：慢，惰也。从心，曼聲。一曰慢，不畏也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：慢，怠惰。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“曼”作声旁。另一种说法认为，“慢”是态度高傲不妥协。

2其qí“其”是“箕”的本字。其，简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/28/20200328115951491361.gif是象形字，字形像有两个提手的盛具https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120102431404.gif，盛具由竹篾交错编织https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120219501696.gif而成，是“箕”的本字。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120541846233.gif、简体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120645913600.gif承续简体甲骨文字形。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gif加“廾”写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120443108261.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016451334.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif（竹制盛具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022016818280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif（廾，双手持举），表示手持簸箕，在风中扬去谷物的皮壳，三点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120527517250.gif表示簸箕https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120521242162.gif上方飘飞的皮壳糠屑。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120711421933.gif误将繁体甲骨文字形中的“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120500929111.gif连写成“丌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif。有的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120736489164.gif误将本该写成“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120728203360.gif写成一横两点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120751977244.gif。繁体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120837410166.gif承续繁体金文字形。造字本义：名词，竹篾编织成的开口簸箕，是农家的轻便盛具，可用于舂谷时颠簸扬糠。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120929550519.gif将篆文字形中的竹框“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120916623977.gif、与“廾”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120922228454.gif上部的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329120808859206.gif所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121230279523.gif，连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/29/20200329121238285948.gif，导致字形费解。当“其”的本义消失后，甲骨文再加“筐”另造“箕”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：箕，簸也。从竹、data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEC2dJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDoyMDlCMjQ3M0ZBNjUxMUU5QUU1OEExMDYwRjUwQjIwOSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDoyMDlCMjQ3NEZBNjUxMUU5QUU1OEExMDYwRjUwQjA5Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MDlCMjQ3MUZBNjUxMUU5QUU1OEExMDYwRjUwQjIwOSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD14bXAuZGlkOjIwOUIyNDcyRkE2NTExRTlBRTU4QTEwNjBGMEIyMDkiLz4gPC9yZGY6RGVzY3JpcHRpb24+IDwvcmRmOlJERj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDx4cGFja2V0IGVuZD0iciI/PgH//v38+/r5+Pf29fTz8vHw7+7t7Ovq6ejn5uXk4+Lh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPR0M/OzczLysnIx8bFxMPCwcC/vr28u7q5uLe2tbSzsrGwr66trKuqqainpqWko6KhoJ+enZybmpmYl5aVlJOSkZCPjo2Mi4qJiIeGhYSDgoGAf359fHt6eXh3dnV0c3JxcG9ubWxramloZ2ZlZGNiYWBfXl1cW1pZWFdWVVRTUlFQT05NTEtKSUhHRkVEQ0JBQD8+PTw7Ojk4NzY1NDMyMTAvLi0sKyopKCcmJSQjIiEgHx4dHBsaGRgXFhUUExIREA8ODQwLCgkIBwYFBAMCAQD6XmqtAAAAA3NCSVQBAQF8LneCAAAABlBMVEUAAAD///+l2Z/dAAAAAnRSTlP/AOW3MEoAAAABYktHRAH/Ai3eAAAADGNtUFBKQ21wMDcxMgAAAAdPbbelAAAAJklEQVQY02O4f4MBgoAASJ6fwXA9guHWDYa7N0AkkA0UAYofkAAApZITsXojh/UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，象形，下其丌也。data:image/png;base64,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，古文箕省。其，籀文箕。
附二白话版《说文解字》：其，箕簸。字形采用“竹、data:image/png;base64,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”会义，象形，下部是箕脚丌。data:image/png;base64,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，古文的写法是“箕”省略“竹”。其，就是籀文写法的“箕”字。

3所suǒ斤，既是声旁也是形旁，是“斫”的省略，表示刀斧砍、削。所，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061551504926.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108495674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif（户，门窗，借代房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111108578877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif（斤，即“斫”的省略，用刀斧砍、削），表示伐木筑屋。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061650124601.gif将金文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061630612798.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif，将金文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061638613895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif。造字本义：动词，木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061741580887.gif将篆文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061807300466.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061749571171.gif，将篆文字形中的“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061815605776.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/14/20200414061756848163.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：所，伐木聲也。从斤，戶聲。《诗》曰：“伐木所所。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：所，砍伐树木的声音。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“户”作声旁。《诗经》有诗句唱道：“挥斧伐木，所所传响。”

4敬jìng敬”是“警”和“儆”的本字。敬，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852271761.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852122907.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852539860.png（口，说话）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852915007.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852787261.png（干，武器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852915007.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852526040.png（人），表示以武力威胁进行严重告诫，使之保持谨慎，谦卑恭肃，由衷尊重。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852504992.png加“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852220126.png（持械打击），强调武力威胁。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852836501.png误将“干”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852883664.png写成形似“草头”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852133022.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852795594.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852367991.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852538546.png。造字本义：动词，以武力威胁相告诫，使之谨慎、恭肃和尊重。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852901930.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852133022.png写成“草头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852922378.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852184272.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852768577.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852775699.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852198045.png。当“敬”的本义“严重告戒，使之谨慎恭肃”消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852656564.png再加“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852868926.png另造“警”代替，或篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852999733.png再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105852902833.png另造“儆”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：敬，肅也。从攴、茍。
附二白话版《说文解字》：敬，态度恭肃。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“茍”作声旁。

5者zhě“者”是“煮”和“诸”的本字。者，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809910665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809152528.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png（像木柴着火，火星喷溅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809886695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png（火，火堆），表示古代部落燃烧篝火，用以煮食，聚众社交。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809604645.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809938972.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810920532.png；将底部的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020809523577.png写成“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png（言说），表示部落成员围绕火堆漫谈交流。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810440127.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png，明确“者”的“言说”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810683429.png将金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810480933.png字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810824559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png，将“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810572642.png写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810918973.png（说清楚），进一步强调“者”的“言说”主题。造字本义：动词，古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810861380.png将篆文字形中“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810254973.png形和“火星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810990914.png模糊难辨的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810289492.png写成不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png，至此“者”的字形中“木”与“火星”形状完全消失。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810456744.png则将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810175310.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810729537.png加“撇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810189350.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020810267304.png。当“者”的“生火煮食”本义消失后，再加“火”另造“煮”代替；当“者”的“聚众而谈”含义消失后，再加“言”另造“诸”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：者，別事詞也。从白，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文旅字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：者，表示事物判断的代词。字形采用“白”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文的“旅”字。

6凶xiōng凶，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316385665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316604182.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316795578.png（凵，像凹陷的坑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316704001.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316595349.png（乂，像交错的利刺），表示在陷阱里布满尖刺，以刺杀坠落的猎物。造字本义：名词，致命的陷阱。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020316380742.png承续篆文字形。“凶”是客观环境险恶；“兇”是人为的凶恶；由于字形、字义相近，古籍多以“凶”合并“兇”。附一文言版《説文解字》：凶，惡也。象地穿交陷其中也。凡凶之屬皆从凶。
附二白话版《说文解字》：凶，恶难。字形像地面塌穿，而人交陷其中。所有与凶相关的字，都采用“凶”作边旁。

7貌“伯”与“皃”同源；“皃”是“貌”的本字；而“䫉”是“貌”的异体字。皃，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045116180816.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040362466.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040867611.png（白，雪色的）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040855784.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045125347293.gif（人，人体），表示老人的头发雪白。古人秉承“身体发肤，受之父母”的观念，蓄须蓄发，老人的须发长而白，头部形象特征突出，因此古人以老人头部长而白的须发，借代人体的外貌特征。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044747924633.gif承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044913660957.gif将金文字形中的“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044754443978.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040389747.png，将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044809628148.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040732712.png。当“皃”的“头部形象”本义消失后，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044839777205.gif在“皃”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045000542212.gif基础上加“豸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045008976435.gif（猛兽）另造“貌”代替，表示人与动物头部发型、发色千姿百态、风采各异的形象特征。造字本义：名词，人与动物丰富而各异的头部发型、发色特征。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755320406.png将籀文字形中的“豸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045008976435.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755802483.png，将籀文字形中的“皃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045000542212.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755725292.png。篆文异体字“䫉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045017368157.gif则用“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045028239583.gif（头部）代替“皃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045000542212.gif，强调“头部形象”的含义。“皃”的同源字“伯”，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/23/20200623044958203892.gif将“皃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045116180816.gif的上下结构调整成左右结构，表示头发发白的老人。古籍多以“貌”代替“皃”和“䫉”。附一文言版《説文解字》：皃，頌儀也。从人，白象人面形。凡皃之屬皆从皃。䫉，皃或从頁，豹省聲。䫉，籀文皃，从豹省。
附二白话版《说文解字》：皃，刻意塑造的仪容。字形采用“人、白”会义，“白”像人的面庞形状。所有与皃相关的字，都采用“皃”作边旁。䫉，这是“皃”的异体字，采用“页”作边旁，采用省略了“勺”的“豹”作声旁。䫉，这是籀文写法的“皃”字，用省略了“勺”的“豹”作声旁。

8合hé合，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204908719.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204644924.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204164560.png（口，向下的张开的嘴巴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204496209.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204535512.png（口，向上张开的嘴巴），表示两口相接。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204685786.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204325513.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，接吻亲嘴，调情相爱。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204240986.png将篆文字形上部的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204938056.png拆写成“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204151643.png、“一”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023204256201.png的组合结构。附一文言版《説文解字》：合，合口也。从亼，从口。
附二白话版《说文解字》：合，口相合。字形采用“亼、口”会义。

9心xīn心，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157931172.png是象形字，字形像包形的内脏器官。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157639787.png在包形器官https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157999348.png基础上增加动脉和静脉的入口管道形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157149033.png，并在包形器官的内部增加一点表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png，整个字形像人体内包形的泵血器官。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157271167.png简化血管形状。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157891460.png省去表示血液的指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157642988.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157341684.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，人体的泵血器官，从静脉接受血液并将其压入动脉从而维持血液在整个循环系统中的流动。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105157316548.png变形较大，至此，泵血器官的包形消失、血管形状消失。古人发现，心不仅是泵血器官，还是感知器官，具有直觉思维的能力。附一文言版《説文解字》：心，人心，土藏，在身之中。象形。博士說以爲火藏。凡心之屬皆从心。
附二白话版《说文解字》：心，人的心脏，是属于土性的臟器，藏在身躯的中央位置。字形像泵血器官的形状。也有博学之士说，心是属火的臟器。所有与心相关的字，都采用“心”作边旁。

10离lí禽，既是声旁也是形旁，是“擒”的本字，表示捕鸟。離，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941715708.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941702398.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941716401.png（隹，飞鸟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941293457.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941761381.png（禽，即“擒”，捕鸟），表示用网罩抓捕飞鸟。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941406979.png将“禽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941761381.png简化为https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941231585.png。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941634361.png再加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941225024.png（抓捕），强调“擒捕”的含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941765555.png用“林”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941443148.png（树林）代替甲骨文字形中的“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941716401.png，表示在林中捕鸟，并将甲骨文字形中的“禽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941761381.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941330234.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941475543.png用“屮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941984284.png（草丛）代替金文字形中的“林”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941443148.png（树林），表示在草丛捕鸟。繁体篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941558114.png综合甲骨文字形和金文字形，加“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941216783.png。造字本义：动词，鸟儿落入猎人抓捕的网罩。简体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941902189.png承续简体篆文结构，将篆文字形中的“屮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941984284.png（草丛）简写成一点一横的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941470708.png，将篆文字形中的“禽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941224241.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941843957.png。繁体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941403579.png承续繁体篆文结构。古籍多以“離”代替“离”。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“离”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104941773944.png，采用简体隶书字形。附一文言版《説文解字》：離，黃倉庚也。鳴則蠶生。从隹，离聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：离，就是离黃，仓庚鸟。仓庚鸟鸣噪的季节，蠢虫就四处繁生了。字形采用“隹”作边旁，采用“离”作声旁。

12孤gū瓜，既是声旁也是形旁，表示突兀的样子。孤，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037925601.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037314046.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037149971.png（子，幼儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037334764.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037514334.png（瓜，单独、突兀的样子），表示单独无伴的孩子。造字本义：名词，比喻没有父母依傍的、单独生活的孩子，通常指丧父、丧母或父母俱亡的孩子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037319966.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037149971.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037855460.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037514334.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105037439150.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：孤，無父也。从子，瓜聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：孤，年幼无父。字形采用“子”作边旁，采用“瓜”作声旁。

13亲qīn辛，既是声旁也是形旁，表示刑罚。親，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205608336.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205543893.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205633288.png（辛，受刑、受监）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205764508.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205903158.png（見，探望），表示探监。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205419696.png将金文字形中的“辛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205633288.png写成“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205281942.png，将金文字形中的“見”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205903158.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205588040.png。在专制文化深入人心的古代，无论罪名虚实，一个人一旦被官府定罪入狱，就将终身背负耻辱，因此在古人看来，只有被血缘联系着的至近至密者，才可能探监慰问，不离不弃。造字本义：动词，探视狱中受监的家人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205616855.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205281942.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205371455.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205588040.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205337291.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“亲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205797116.png，省去正体楷书字形中的“見”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023205337291.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：親，至也。从見，亲聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：亲，关系至近至密者。字形采用“见”作边旁，采用“亲”作声旁。

14谗chán毚，既是声旁也是形旁，双“兔”重叠，表示像兔子一样嘴巴动个不停，不断说话。讒，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085424830472.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529801945.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085439317790.gif（言，说话）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529536452.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085447285007.gif（毚，嘴动不停，话语不断），表示不断地说好话。造字本义：动词，不断地用甜言蜜语讨好献媚。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529283896.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085439317790.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529162498.png，将篆文字形中的“毚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085447285007.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529443533.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“谗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085525571425.gif，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529162498.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529738314.png，将正体楷书字形中的“毚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529443533.png简化成“二”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085620986270.gif、“免”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085631143129.gif（“兔”的变形）构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085640911953.gif。“谗”是用甜言蜜语献媚当权者；“谄”是是恶语诅咒，毁谤陷害。附一文言版《説文解字》：讒，譖也。从言，毚聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：谗，说别人的坏话。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“毚”作声旁。

15远yuǎn袁，既是声旁也是形旁，表示衣物。遠，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138219725.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138161465.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png（袁，衣物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138699015.png（又，抓、持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138679579.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138487174.png（亍，即“彳”，行进），表示带上衣物行囊长途出行。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138839145.png将“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png简写成“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138846170.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138878923.png加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138687596.png（趾，脚板），并将甲骨文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138849168.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138554739.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082617271694.gif将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082740337951.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082626822410.gif，将金文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082859961447.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082348905378.gif。造字本义：动词，带上衣物行囊长途出行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138307354.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138803656.png写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138487064.png，将篆文字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/15/20200215082348905378.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“远”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138127662.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“袁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138873661.png简化成“元”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111138265049.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：遠，遼也。从辵，袁聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：远，辽远。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“袁”作声旁

16忠zhōng中，既是声旁也是形旁，表示在两者之间、不偏不离。忠，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820176022.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820301253.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820318047.png（中，正而不偏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820291365.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820958968.png（心，情感、态度），表示态度公正，不偏私情。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820432847.png将金文字形中的“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820318047.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820684402.png，将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820958968.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820100335.png。造字本义：形容词，内心公正，不偏私情。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820129864.png将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820100335.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104820359226.png。儒家提倡在处理社会关系时遵循“忠恕”之道，以达成封建时代农业大国的社会秩序和谐稳定，“忠”指充满敬意维护上级，用心专注；“恕”指推已及人，抱持同情同理之心包容下级。附一文言版《説文解字》：忠，敬也。从心，中聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：忠，敬仰并遵从。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“中”作声旁。

18亡wáng亡，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606141039.png是指事字，字形在“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606695195.png的手部位置加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606309304.png，表示手持盾、甲之类的护具作掩护。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606183665.png将误将反写的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606159638.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606846935.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606413676.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606159638.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606253329.png，将甲骨文字形中表示盾甲的一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606309304.png写成折笔的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606433688.png，强调盾甲的抵挡、护卫作用。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606373549.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，战败的士兵手举盾甲逃命。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606729795.png承续篆文字形。晚期隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606501491.png变形，将“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606660658.png写成一点一横的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606705103.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：亡，逃也。从入，从∟。凡亡之屬皆从亡。
附二白话版《说文解字》：亡，逃跑。字形采用“入、∟”会义。所有与亡相关的字，都采用“亡”作边旁。

19近jìn近，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857517940.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857595962.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857959259.png（止，即“趾”的本字，指行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857378578.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png（在“水”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857171212.png上切入两横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857328121.png，表示渡河），表示行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857707739.png将表示渡河的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png反转成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857711306.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857668099.png将金文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857171212.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857357890.png，将金文字形中的两横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857328121.png写成一折https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857931598.png。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857430039.png将“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857357890.png（河流）误写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857211213.png，导致字形晦涩。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857283449.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png写成非“斤”非“斤”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857734585.png，将金文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857959259.png写成“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857609283.png，强调行进。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857551980.png误将籀文字形中似“斤”非“斤”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857734585.png写成“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857238387.png，并将“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857238387.png当作声旁。造字本义：动词，行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857937931.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857238387.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857906873.png，将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857916777.png写成“走字底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857114633.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：近，附也。从辵，斤聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文近。
附二白话版《说文解字》：近，攀附、亲近。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“斤”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo3MkQ1Njc3M0Y1NUUxMUU5OTNFMkYzMTNFNEE0NTk1NSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo3MkQ1Njc3NEY1NUUxMUU5OTNFMkYzMTNFNEE0NTU1Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NzJENTY3N0Y1NUUxMUU5OTNFMkYzMTNFNEE0NTk1NSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRkOjcyRDU2NzcyRjU1RTExRTk5M0UyRjMxM0U0QTQ1OTU1Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBAE1ZMbsAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAsSURBVBjTY/j7g+GNBMPbHwxA8P8Hwx8JhsM/GO7/YDjAwHB/BwjtB6P6HQCcUROP6FLa3AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==，这是古文写法的“近”。

20色sè色，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811637921.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811891455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811396333.png（站着的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811600593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811417126.png（跪着的人），表示两人一前一后，即两性亲密接触。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811899723.png将甲骨文字形中的左右结构调整成上下结构：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811899723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811891455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811178003.png（人，体位在上）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811600593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811223026.png（“人”的变形，体位在下），明确一人在上、一人在下的性活动含义。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811186276.png表示一个人用手抓住https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811481469.png另一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811776601.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811173140.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，两性交合。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811919540.png误将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811423720.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811770254.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：色，顔气也。从人，从卪。凡色之屬皆从色。data:image/png;base64,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，古文。
附二白话版《说文解字》：色，脸上的颜色、气色。字形采用“人、卪”会义。所有与色相关的字，都采用“色”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“色”字。

22贤xián“臤”是“賢”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122793432.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，掌握、管理），表示有管理才能的官吏。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122375213.png承续甲骨文字形。当“臤”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122380835.png再加“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122536284.png（宝贵）另造“賢”代替，表示宝贵的、难得的人才。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122222480.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。古人称男子善于管理组织为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122324165.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122546854.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122544691.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122931000.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122747749.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122560252.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：賢，多才也。从貝，臤聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贤，多才多能。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臤”作声旁。

24昏hūn“昬”是“昏”的异体字。昏，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511090307619485.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015008556562.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015008935602.png（氏，即“氐”、亦即“低”，垂在地上）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015008840151.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015008963864.png（日，太阳），表示太阳从空中垂落地上。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511091034434017.gif将“氏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015008935602.png写成“氐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511091055184187.gif（低垂），明确日落含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015008792172.png将甲骨文字形中的“氐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511091055184187.gif写成“氏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511091245754746.gif。造字本义：名词，太阳从天空坠向地平线、天地间光线变暗的傍晚。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511091407259406.gif将篆文字形中的“氏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511091245754746.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511091419565872.gif。隶书异体字“昬”用“民”（眠）代替“氏”（低），表示日落而眠。古籍多以“昏”代替“昬”。太阳西沉为“昏”；太阳落山为“暮”；月亮初升为“夕”；月高人静为“夜”；安定入宿为“冥”；晨光微露为“曙”；太阳升高为“晓”；月尽日出为“朝”；日浴草木为“早”；荷锄出工为“晨”。附一文言版《説文解字》：昏，日冥也。从日，氐省。氐者，下也。一曰民聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：昏，日落西山。由“日”、有所省略的“氐”构成。“氐”，是“下”的意思。有一种说法认为，“昏”字以“民”为声旁。

25女nǚ女，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729391044.png是象形字，字形像一个屈膝跪坐的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729933525.png娴静地交叠着双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729709000.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729546534.png头部位置加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729723804.png，表示发簪。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729458221.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729800469.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729585795.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，两胸丰满的妇人，能生育、哺乳的人类中雌性。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729504307.png严重变形，以致“人”形消失，“手”形消失。附一文言版《説文解字》：女，婦人也。象形。王育說。凡女之屬皆从女。
附二白话版《说文解字》：女，妇人。像妇人之形。这是王育的说法。所有与女相关的字，都采用“女”作边旁。

26谒yè曷，既是声旁也是形旁，是“揭”的省略，表示消除蒙蔽、使知晓。謁，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929318074.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929913662.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929760590.png（言，请求指点）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929226388.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929870877.png（曷，即“揭”省略，消除蒙蔽、使知晓），表示迷惑者请求指点指示。造字本义：动词，拜见智者，请求消除蒙蔽，洞见真相。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929210519.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929760590.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929502680.png，将篆文字形中的“曷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929870877.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929647638.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“谒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929353618.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929502680.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023929652239.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：謁，白也。从言，曷聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：谒，告白。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“曷”作声旁。

27公gōng囗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“共”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544304559.png的省略，表示集体拥有。公，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544211753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544548270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544468617.png（八，是“分”的本字）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544538042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544623027.png（口，即“共”的省略，集体拥有），表示平均分配集体所共同拥有的物品。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544107234.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544688500.png将甲骨文字形中表示共有物品的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544623027.png写成“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544634004.png（私），表示与“私”相反。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544819924.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，平均分配部落或氏族集体所共同拥有的包括食物在内的所有物品、物用。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544456035.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544470305.png写成“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544333105.png。　附一文言版《説文解字》：公，平分也。从八，从厶。八猶背也。韓非曰：背厶爲公。
附二白话版《说文解字》：公，平均分配。字形采用“八、厶”会义。八，犹如各各相背。韩非子说，与私相背，就是公。

28行xíng行（háng），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856999838.png是象形字，字形像四通八达的十字路口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856131419.png将十字路口形状的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png误写成正反两个“双人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856160305.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856598545.png，失去路口形象。造字本义：名词，纵横畅通的十字路口。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856343815.png一定程度上恢复金文字形。从甲骨文、金文字形看，“行”的左右两边“彳”、“亍”，应该被称作“左行旁”、“右行旁”，而不是“双人旁”。附一文言版《説文解字》：行，人之步趨也。从彳，从亍。凡行之屬皆从行。
附二白话版《说文解字》：行，人们在路上行走或小跑。字形采用“彳、亍”会义。所有与行相关的字，都采用“行”作边旁。

29者
30乱luànhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png，既是声旁也是形旁，金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734410846.png像纺织者手工https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734898356.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734977974.png整理纺织机https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734777355.png上散乱或混杂无序的丝线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734296907.png，使丝线条理有序，便于纺织。亂，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734971218.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734321764.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png，手工整理织机上混杂无序的丝线）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734749129.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734345965.png（乙，织机上的丝线），表示织机上的丝线混杂无序。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734619456.png将金文字形的左右结构调整成上中下结构。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734635507.png将金文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734158602.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png。造字本义：形容词，织机上的丝线混杂无序。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734647048.png将篆文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734193001.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png，将篆文字形中的“乙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734706898.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734245274.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734904614.png依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734622467.png，用“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”（正体楷书省略“舌”而写作“辭”；俗体楷书省略“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734623092.png”而写作“辞”）省略成的“舌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734835707.png代替正体楷书字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620819.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734620215.png。古籍中，“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734578600.png”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734849481.png”，后来多由“治”合并代替；“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734717919.png”后来多由“辭”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：亂，治也。从乙，乙，治之也；从data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：乱，理清杂丝。字形采用“乙”作边旁，“乙”表示理清纷杂的丝绪。字形也采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁。

31私sī甲骨文“私”（厶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421937589.png与“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421383914.png通用，像在胞衣中头朝下、尚未出生、不明性别不明模样的胎儿。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421315920.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421161104.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421698274.png（禾，代表粮食、财产）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421355208.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421367058.png（厶，胎儿）。造字本义：名词，不知其详的胎儿或暗藏的家产。在共产平分的原始时代，人们对胎儿与个人所隐藏的粮食、财物，既好奇又无奈。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421383914.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421445536.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421475215.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421874164.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022421615497.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：私，禾也。从禾，厶聲。北道名禾主人曰私主人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：私，禾谷。字形采用“禾”作边旁，采用“厶”作声旁。北方习惯上叫禾谷主人为“私主人”。

32人rén人，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808505973.png是象形字，字形像是垂臂直立的动物形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808986778.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png突出了弯腰垂臂、脸朝黄土背朝天的劳作形象，像是双手采摘或在地里忙活。造字本义：名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808755581.png变形较大，弯腰垂臂的形象完全消失。“私”即“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808665109.png，是头部朝下、尚未出生的神秘胎儿；“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808731842.png是刚出生的、性别确然可辨的幼婴；“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808240220.png是挥动两臂、两腿包裹在襁褓中、尚不能独立活动的幼儿；“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808495911.png是顶天立地的成年人；“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104808933238.png是双手采摘或在地里忙活的劳动者。附一文言版《説文解字》：人，天地之性最貴者也。此籒文。象臂脛之形。凡人之屬皆从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：人，天地间品性最高贵的生物。这是籀文字形。字形像垂着手臂、挺着腿胫的形象。所有与人相关的字，都采用“人”作边旁。

33以yǐ“㠯”是“以”的本字；“以”是“似”的本字。㠯，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104832891940.png是特殊指事字，字形是倒写的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833144757.png（新生儿），表示新生儿与父母相像。金文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833276255.png承续简体甲骨文字形。篆文“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833451560.png有所变形。当“㠯”的本义消失后，甲骨文在“巳”字基础上再加“人”另造会义字“以”代替：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833584371.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png（倒写的“巳”，新生儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833343246.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png（人，母体），表示母婴通过脐带相连。造字先人发现，母子间之所以有遗传学上的精确相似，是因为连接母子的脐带发挥神秘作用。篆文“以”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833937805.png将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png中“巳https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833916945.png”和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833165718.png相连的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833762572.png，分离成“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png和“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png。造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833289510.png将篆文字形中的“㠯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833647341.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833679642.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833401879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104833168078.png。古籍多以“以”代替“㠯”。当“以”引申为虚词后，篆文再加“人”另造“似”代替。　附一文言版《説文解字》：㠯，用也，从反巳。賈侍中說，巳，意巳實也。象形。
附二白话版《说文解字》：㠯，使用。字形采取反写“已”的方法来造字。贾侍中说，已，表示想法已落实。是个象形字。

34官guān官，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921985004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921745964.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921795442.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921729044.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921456907.png（兵符、权印），表示放兵符的房屋。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921692925.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921456907.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921816337.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921917923.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921816337.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921927221.png。造字本义：名词，藏有朝廷所授权印的军政要地，政府。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921703081.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921186581.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921597415.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921927221.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921680225.png。汉语中常“官宦”和“官僚”并称。古人称拥有大权的军政要员为“官”；称辅佐大臣或帝王的家臣为“宦”；称辅佐一般官吏的私人高参为“僚”。　附一文言版《説文解字》：官，吏，事君也。从宀，从data:image/gif;base64,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。data:image/gif;base64,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猶眾也。此與師同意。
附二白话版《说文解字》：官，官吏，服务于君王的人。字形采用“宀、data:image/gif;base64,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”会义。data:image/gif;base64,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好像众多的样子。此个data:image/gif;base64,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与“師”中的data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCQAOAIABAAAAAP///yH/C1hNUCBEYXRhWE1QPD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbWV0YSB4bWxuczp4PSJhZG9iZTpuczptZXRhLyIgeDp4bXB0az0iQWRvYmUgWE1QIENvcmUgNS4zLWMwMTEgNjYuMTQ1NjYxLCAyMDEyLzAyLzA2LTE0OjU2OjI3ICAgICAgICAiPiA8cmRmOlJERiB4bWxuczpyZGY9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJkZjphYm91dD0iIiB4bWxu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36浮fú孚，既是声旁也是形旁，表示抓捕男童。浮，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/26/20200326115927544161.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020816520453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/26/20200326115935721553.gif（水，河水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020816322853.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/26/20200326115944981301.gif（孚，手抓小孩头部），表示在水中托举小孩的头部。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/27/20200327120858158544.gif承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，托举小孩头部，教小孩漂水游泳。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020816620371.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/26/20200326113920836584.gif写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/26/20200326114603964948.gif；将篆文字形中的“孚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/27/20200327120908469255.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020816603517.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：浮，氾也。从水，孚聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：浮，漂游。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“孚”作声旁。

37凌líng夌，既是声旁也是形旁，是“陵”的省略，表示登上、走过。凌，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515124606.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515467151.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515593422.png（仌，冰）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515177148.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515825574.png（夌，即“陵”，登上、走过），表示利用河面的冰层渡河。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515804986.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515467151.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515174948.png（朕，撑船过河）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515177148.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515265283.png（大，人），表示人们利用船只渡河。造字本义：动词，在江河的冰面上穿越。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515134268.png将篆文字形中的冰“仌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515515595.png写成“两点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515918261.png；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515816159.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020515658396.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，仌出也。从仌，朕聲。《詩》曰：“‘纳于data:image/png;base64,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陰。’凌，data:image/png;base64,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或从夌。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，冰面凸的凌角。字形采用“仌”作边旁，采用“朕”作声旁。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“收藏有冰棱的地窖。”凌，这是“data:image/png;base64,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”的异体字，采用“夌”作声旁。

38下xià“下”是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，顶端一横较长，底端的一横较短。古人用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png代表混沌太初状态；用https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230147841.png将表示“天”的北端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的南端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png承续甲骨文字形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230978137.png，以显示纵的方向。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230924770.png省去短横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230842678.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与天相对的地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230635098.png承续金文字形。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底也。指事。下，篆文data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，底部。“下”是指事字。下，篆文写作“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAANAQMAAABFOwZ4AAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpCNDM4QTkwQjAzQ0IxMUU5OTY5RUQxMTNDNjdCOTQ5MCIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpCNDM4QTkwQzAzQ0IxMUU5OTY5RUQxMTNDNjdCOTkwIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QjQ4QTkwOTAzQ0IxMUU5OTY5RUQxMTNDNjdCOTQ5MCIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG0uZGlkOkI0MzhBOTBBMDNDQjExRTk5NjlFRDExM0M2N0I5NDkwIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz7+vn49vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBALfRhPQAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAQSURBVBjTY2BgYPj9gCACAJGgFkW7aVFbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC”。

39取qǔ取，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514792835.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514457058.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514535192.png（耳朵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514447313.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514890147.png（用手抓），表示手持割下的耳朵。古代战争中，士兵割下死敌的耳朵作为评价战绩的依据。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514933694.png将甲骨文字形中的手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514890147.png写成明确的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514559827.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514368551.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，割下死敌的耳朵，以示战功。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514222100.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514332288.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104514983524.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：取，捕取也。从又，从耳。《周禮》：“獲者取左耳。”《司馬法》曰：“載獻聝。”聝者，耳也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：取，捕杀。字形采用“又、耳”会义。《周礼》上说：“获胜者割下敌人的左耳。”《司马法》上说：“载献聝。”聝，就是耳朵。

40胜shèng“胜”是“鮏”的异体字；而“腥”是“胜”的异体字。生，既是声旁也是形旁，是“性”的省略或假借，表示事物与生俱来的本质特征。鮏，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543921498.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543756846.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543246659.png（自，鼻，嗅、闻）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543105884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543813577.png（鱼，水生动物），表示从生鱼嗅到的难闻气味。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543601537.png简化字形，用“生”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543236477.png（“性”的省略）代替“自”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543246659.png（鼻子、嗅觉），表示鱼类难闻的骚臊特性。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543248158.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543780141.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543359990.png，将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543236477.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543728391.png。篆文异体字“胜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543281747.png用“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543989491.png（动物的有机组织）代替“鱼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543359990.png，强调野生动物发臊的普遍特性。有的篆文异体字“腥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543290099.png用近音的“星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543737153.png（xīng）代替“生”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543881112.png（性 xìng ）。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543703229.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543802902.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543686278.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543316348.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543286908.png。造字本义：形容词，鱼等野生动物发出的气味，粗浊呛鼻，恶臊难闻。“胜”被异体字“腥”代替之后，“胜”字中本该读“性”（ xìng ）的“生”，被误读成 shēng 。而《汉字简化方案》则用字形简单、字音相近的“胜”合并代替字义毫不相关的“勝”。“腾”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 0分

朕，既是声旁也是形旁，是“滕”的省略，表示水向上喷涌。騰，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119474848.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119211384.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119767847.png（朕，即“滕”，水向上涌）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119987744.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119748515.png（馬，善跑的力畜），表示马昂首跃起。造字本义：动词，马凌空跃起。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119236574.png将篆文字形中的“朕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119767847.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119500736.png，将篆文字形中“馬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119748515.png的四足写成“四点底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119723314.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“腾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119383710.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“馬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119489022.png简化成“马”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024119235837.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：騰，傳也。从馬，朕聲。一曰騰，犗馬也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：腾，驿传马车。字形采用“马”作边旁，“朕”作声旁。一种说法认为，“騰”，是阄割公马。

附一文言版《説文解字》：胜，犬膏臭也。从肉，生聲。一曰不孰也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：胜，狗肉发出的气味。字形采用“肉（月）”作边旁，采用“生”作声旁。一种说法认为，“胜”是指没煮熟的腥臊生肉。

42侵qīn侵，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050571768.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050473921.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050979510.png（牛，代表农耕时代的重要财产）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050256331.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050411080.png（手持竹鞭），表示持鞭驱牛。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050876672.png省去甲骨文字形中的“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050979510.png，同时加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050155734.png、加“弓”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050707242.png，强调武力进犯。三体石经https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050644151.png将金文字形中的“弓”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050707242.png写成似“弓”似“人”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050727820.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050775673.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050832194.png，同时再加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050535453.png（抓持）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050751204.png误将三体石经似“弓”似“人”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050727820.png写成明确的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050260879.png。造字本义：动词，非法进入他人领地，驱牛劫财。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050756904.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050260879.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050582593.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050293364.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050255756.png。古人称武力掠财为“侵”，称武力占地为“略” 。附一文言版《説文解字》：侵，漸進也。从人、又，持帚，若埽之進。又，手也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：侵，渐进。字形采用“人、又、帚”会义，像人手持扫帚，边扫边前移。又，表示手。

43名míng名，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255781003.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255986012.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255324017.png（口，叫喊）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255876199.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255133869.png（夕，黄昏、冥暮），表示天黑时呼叫孩子回家。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255122885.png将甲骨文的左右结构改成上下结构。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720022806725583.gif将甲骨文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255133869.png写成月牙形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720022820726217.gif；有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720022851635159.gif将甲骨文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255133869.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/7/20/20200720022843389414.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255512018.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，日落天黑，父母招唤孩子。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255992902.png将篆文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255121576.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255152288.png。古代有一定文化背景的男子，在成年后为自己的“名”作近义的“注解”补充或“说明”，叫作“字”；大部分底层百姓有“名”无“字”。在古代，父母对未成年子女在口头上的称呼叫作“名”，有如今日之“小名”与“昵称”，用于日常非正式社交场合，为贱称；https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255472558.png子女成年后为其设计的书面称呼叫“字”，有如今日之“大名”与“户籍名”，用于各种文件和正式社交场合，为尊称；“名”与“字”是同一对象的两个称呼，“字”是对“名”的解释或补充；今人所说的“名字”，相当于古人所说“字”。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023255472558.png附一文言版《説文解字》：名，自命也。从口，从夕。夕者，冥也。冥不相見，故以口自名。
附二白话版《说文解字》：名，自称。字形采用“口、夕”会义。夕，天黑。天黑了人们不相见，所以用嘴向别人说自己的名。

44不bù“不”是“帝”的特殊异体字。不，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806612687.png是由“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png减笔而来的特殊指事字。“帝”是“缔”的本字，甲骨文“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806182427.png是指事字，字形在“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806496641.png（树）上端加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806859019.png，上端的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png（房柱房梁）表示以树为柱、以树为梁，即在树杈上构筑巢居；圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png表示系束，即在树杈的框架上大量系束枝条，以构成树上栖居空间遮风挡雨的顶面、四个立面、底面。在没有锋利金属工具的巢居时代，不存在凿孔削榫的建筑技术，古人只能利用竹、藤、绳等柔韧材料来系扎、加固连结物。“帝”的简体甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807798167.png将树杈形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807700896.png简化成倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807338130.png，将表示系束的圆圈指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807932159.png简化成横写的“工”状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807196941.png。有的“帝”之甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png在顶端再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806108761.png。巢居的发明，使先民摆脱了选择有限、进退不便的穴居困境，为生存赢得了空前广大的自由空间，使中国的史前文明革命性地跃进一大步；而最早缔枝为巢的部落首领，也由此被先民尊称为“帝”。将“帝”的甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806608043.png省去表示系束的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807561023.png就成为“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807135314.png，即树杈未经缔结构造的原始树杈巢居，缺少防护的原始树居要面临风雨侵袭和坠落的危险，甲骨文中“帝”与“不”的造字思路，显示巢居时代的先民对原始树居不安全居住方式的否定态度。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807831215.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807672482.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807994187.png省去隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807509143.png中的倒三角形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105807983600.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：不，鳥飛上翔不下來也。从一，一猶天也。象形。凡不之屬皆从不。
附二白话版《说文解字》：不，鸟向上飞翔不降落。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”好比是天。字形像鸟在天上飞翔的样子。所有与不相关的字，都采用“不”作边旁。

45胜“胜”是“鮏”的异体字；而“腥”是“胜”的异体字。生，既是声旁也是形旁，是“性”的省略或假借，表示事物与生俱来的本质特征。鮏，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543921498.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543756846.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543246659.png（自，鼻，嗅、闻）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543105884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543813577.png（鱼，水生动物），表示从生鱼嗅到的难闻气味。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543601537.png简化字形，用“生”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543236477.png（“性”的省略）代替“自”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543246659.png（鼻子、嗅觉），表示鱼类难闻的骚臊特性。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543248158.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543780141.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543359990.png，将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543236477.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543728391.png。篆文异体字“胜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543281747.png用“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543989491.png（动物的有机组织）代替“鱼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543359990.png，强调野生动物发臊的普遍特性。有的篆文异体字“腥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543290099.png用近音的“星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543737153.png（xīng）代替“生”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543881112.png（性 xìng ）。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543703229.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543802902.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543686278.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543316348.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543286908.png。造字本义：形容词，鱼等野生动物发出的气味，粗浊呛鼻，恶臊难闻。“胜”被异体字“腥”代替之后，“胜”字中本该读“性”（ xìng ）的“生”，被误读成 shēng 。而《汉字简化方案》则用字形简单、字音相近的“胜”合并代替字义毫不相关的“勝”。附一文言版《説文解字》：胜，犬膏臭也。从肉，生聲。一曰不孰也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：胜，狗肉发出的气味。字形采用“肉（月）”作边旁，采用“生”作声旁。一种说法认为，“胜”是指没煮熟的腥臊生肉。

46实shí實，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106284562.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106960204.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106919872.png（宀，家）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106535299.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106544982.png（伫物柜）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106535299.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106646370.png（貝，钱财），表示家有宝贝。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106855850.png误将伫物柜https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106544982.png与“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106646370.png写成合“貫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106518093.png，表示钱财万贯。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106574330.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，家境富裕，柜中藏贝。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106952676.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106560611.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106569025.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106924529.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106721851.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“实”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106411263.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106282608.png，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106721851.png简化成“头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106162221.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：實，富也。从宀，从貫。貫，貨貝也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：实，富裕。字形采用“宀”作边旁，采用“贯”作声旁。贯，代表财货宝贝。

48耗hào毛，既是声旁也是形旁，表示野草。耗，甲金篆隶字形暂缺，楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659353754.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659610047.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659316963.png（耒，耙子）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659272616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659714432.png（毛，野草），表示用耙子耙草。推测造字本义：动词，用耙子等锄草农具在庄稼地里除草。
三翻译：
1慢其所敬者凶，女子态度含蓄，目光流转---表示舞女目光在纱巾的半遮半掩中流转，亦即不用双眼正视（慢）是农家的轻便盛具，（其）木匠拉锯挥斧，筑屋造门。（所）以武力威胁相告诫，使之谨慎、恭肃和尊重（敬）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）致命的陷阱（凶凶”是客观环境险恶）翻译：目光在半遮半掩中流转，亦即不用双眼正视使之谨慎、恭肃和尊重（敬）的人与事物，则其客观环境险恶有致命的陷阱。2貌合心离者孤人与动物丰富而各异的头部发型、发色特征（貌）两口相接（合）人体的泵血器官，从静脉接受血液并将其压入动脉从而维持血液在整个循环系统中的流动。（心）鸟儿落入猎人抓捕的网罩（离）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）比喻没有父母依傍的、单独生活的孩子，通常指丧父、丧母或父母俱亡的孩子。（孤）翻译：貌与此时此境此势的人与事合，心像隔了网罩一样的孤立起来，则会成为没有依傍，单独生活的孩子。----被孤立。3. 亲谗远忠者亡探视狱中受监的家人（亲）不断地用甜言蜜语讨好献媚。（谗）动词，带上衣物行囊长途出行（远）形容词，内心公正，不偏私情。（忠）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）动词，战败的士兵手举盾甲逃命。（亡）-------翻译：像亲家人一样亲不断地用甜言蜜语讨好献媚之人带上衣物行囊长途出行离开内心公正和不偏私情则会成为战败的士兵手举盾甲逃命。4近色远贤者昏动词，行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径。（近）两性交合（色）动词，带上衣物行囊长途出行（远）名词，具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。（贤）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）太阳从天空坠向地平线、天地间光线变暗的傍晚。（昏）翻译：徒步涉水，走捷径靠近色带上衣物行囊长途远行远离具备出众的管理，执行才能的大臣的人则从天空坠向地平线、天地间光线变暗的傍晚。5女谒公行者乱婦人拜见智者，请求消除蒙蔽，洞见真相。（谒）平均分配部落或氏族集体所共同拥有的包括食物在内的所有物品、物用。（公）纵横畅通的十字路口。（行）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）织机上的丝线混杂无序（乱） 6私人以官者浮，名词，不知其详的胎儿或暗藏的家产。（私）名词，躬身垂臂的劳作者，地球上唯一会创造文明符号、自觉进化的动物。（人）母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。（以）名词，藏有朝廷所授权印的军政要地，政府。（官）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）托举小孩头部，教小孩漂水游泳。（浮）翻译：不知其详的胎儿或暗藏的家产与政府形神特征相传的人，则浮----做事停留在事情表面。7凌下取胜者侵表示利用河面的冰层渡河（凌）名词，与天相对的地。（下）动词，割下死敌的耳朵，以示战功（取）掌舵行舟，担当大任（胜）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）动词，非法进入他人领地，驱牛劫财。（侵）翻译：利用下属来渡河取得大任的人，则是非法进入他人领地，劫他人的财。8名不胜实者耗。日落天黑，父母招唤孩子（名）未经缔结构造而直接使用的树杈上的原始巢居（不）掌舵行舟，担当大任（胜）形容词，家境富裕，柜中藏贝（实）古代部落生火煮食，聚众漫谈（者）用耙子等锄草农具在庄稼地里除草。（耗）-----翻译：名不能担当实，则是白耗磨时间与精力不能立功。四，简单心得：上面这几种，都是心中无正道，无德行，以私欲行事，所以会有做事两层皮的感觉，合不起来。不至诚，做事不实在，做不了大事。无法立功立事且会有凶险。五吟诵已经发群里。

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