9月5日 中经 “中经”,谓振穷趋急,施之能言厚德之人。救拘执,穷者不忘恩也。能言者,俦[chóu]善博惠,施德者,依道;而救拘执者,养使小人。盖士,当世异时,或当因免阗[tián]坑,或当伐害能言,或当破德为雄,或当抑拘成罪,或当戚戚自善,或当败败自立。 故道贵制人,不贵制于人也;制人者握权,制于人者失命。是以见形为容,象体为貌,闻声和音,解仇斗郄[xì],缀去却语,摄心守义。本经纪事者,纪道数,其变要在《持枢》、《中经》。
二、查字正音: 1、拘——句,既是声旁也是形旁,表示纠结。拘,篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450369746.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450302233.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450934548.png) (手,抓) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450281463.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450427679.png) (句,纠结、绑),表示抓捕并捆绑。籀文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450177622.png) 加“糸” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450501133.png) (绳索),强调“用绳索捆绑”的含义。造字本义:动词,逮捕,捆绑嫌犯,看押。隶书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450508814.png) 将篆文字形中的“手” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450934548.png) 简写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450647302.png) ,失去五指形象,将篆文字形中的“句” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450427679.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104450497218.png) 。
2、执——“執”是“挚”的本字。執,甲骨文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210163202.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210908993.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210932528.png) (幸,拷手的枷锁) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210995234.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210220695.png) (丮,伸出双手的人),表示一个人的双手被锁在木枷里。金文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210675479.png) 将甲骨文字形中的木枷“幸” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210932528.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210648375.png) 。篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210955044.png) 将金文字形中的“幸” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210648375.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210700804.png) ,同时将金文字形中伸出双手的人“丮” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210245005.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210190064.png) 。造字本义:动词,用木枷锁住嫌犯双手,正式逮捕拘押。隶化后楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210497751.png) 将篆文字形中的“幸” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210700804.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210203155.png) ,将篆文字形中的“丮” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210190064.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210404987.png) 。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“执” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210128113.png) ,依据类推简化规则,将正体楷书字形中的“幸” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210203155.png) 简化成“提手旁” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210636562.png) 。当“执”的“拘押嫌犯”本义消失后,甲骨文再加“手”另造“挚”代替。
3、俦[chóu]——形声,字从人,从寿,寿亦声。“寿”意为“长时间的”。“寿”与“人”联合起来表示“终生的伴侣”、“老友”、“世交”等。
4、依——衣,既是声旁也是形旁,表示上装。依,甲骨文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759551818.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759555791.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759648882.png) (衣,上装,借代前胸) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759492972.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759705141.png) (人,人体),表示一个人偎在他人胸上,不愿离开。金文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759150244.png) 将甲骨文字形的包围结构调整成左右结构,将甲骨文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759705141.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759494157.png) ,将甲骨文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759648882.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759460127.png) 。篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759734500.png) 承续金文字形。造字本义:动词,偎在对方胸口,表示心连心,不愿离开。隶化后楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759323163.png) 将篆文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759988160.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759548156.png) ,将篆文字形中的“衣” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759436374.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104759786257.png) 。
5、养——“䍩”和“養”是“𢼝”的异体字。羊,既是声旁也是形旁,表示两角弯曲、性情温顺的食草动物。𢼝,甲骨文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074355254422.gif) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609529412.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074403589753.gif) (羊,两角弯曲、性情温顺的食草动物) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609911145.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074412700951.gif) (攴,持械打击),表示手持鞭子在山地驱赶羊群。甲骨文异体字 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074438778236.gif) 将“羊” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074403589753.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074659253599.gif) ,并用“行” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074707850783.gif) (行进)代替“攴” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074412700951.gif) (挥鞭驱赶),表示驱羊出门放牧。金文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074725659457.gif) 承续甲骨文字形。籀文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074848499503.gif) 将金文字形中的“羊” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074809889861.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074903233053.gif) ,将金文字形中的“攴” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074823891367.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074912406325.gif) 。篆文异体字“飬” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074925997050.gif) 将籀文的左右结构调整成上下结构,并用“食” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117075104159258.gif) (喂饲料)代替籀文字形中的“攴” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117074912406325.gif) (挥鞭驱赶),表示以圈羊喂草代替户外放牧。造字本义:动词,牧羊或圈羊喂草。隶化后楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117075155678245.gif) 将篆文字形中的“羊” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117075210343684.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117075238428095.gif) ,将篆文字形中的“食” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117075104159258.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117075255246581.gif) 。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“养” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609559153.png) ,依据狂草字形 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609786850.png) 中“食”字下部的“良” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609735770.png) ,将正体楷书字形中的“良” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609221329.png) 局部简化成两点 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609431825.png) ,将正体楷书字形中的“食” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/17/20211117075255246581.gif) 简化成“介” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609719749.png) 。古籍多以“養”代替“𢼝”和“䍩”。古代称放牛为“牧”,称放羊为“养”。后来“养”专指圈喂家畜家禽。
6、阗[tián]——真,既是声旁也是形旁,是“填”的省略,表示充塞。闐,篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113754221.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113700629.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113887273.png) (門,借代家园) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113496869.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113675453.png) (真,即“填”),表示塞满家园。造字本义:动词,各路宾朋与热闹喧声遍布家园。隶化后楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113808681.png) 将篆文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113887273.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113373856.png) ,将篆文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113675453.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113427666.png) 。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“阗” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113166945.png) ,依据类推简化规则,将正体楷书字形中的“門” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113373856.png) 简化成“门” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113719669.png) 。
7、坑——“坑”是“阬”的异体字。亢,既是声旁也是形旁,是“抗”的本字,表示挣扎反抗。阬,籀文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304918284.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304231891.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304607487.png) (阜,山地) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304926560.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304618461.png) (亢,即“抗”),表示在山上活埋反抗者。篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304424591.png) 将籀文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304405363.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304257376.png) 。篆文异体字 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304278766.png) 用“土” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304191620.png) 代替“阜” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304800457.png) ,表示在地上活埋。造字本义:动词,在地上活埋反抗者。隶化后楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304985328.png) 将篆文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304125313.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304515271.png) 。古籍多以“坑”代替“阬”。
8、抑——“印”是“抑”的本字。印,甲骨文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454697749.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454548562.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454910811.png) (爪,抓住) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454446258.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454944101.png) (蹲跪着的人),表示将对象制服跪地,并强制在其额头烙戳记号。金文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454559241.png) 将甲骨文字形中的“人” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454944101.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454428029.png) 。、篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454898044.png) 将甲骨文字形中的“人” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454944101.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454749068.png) 。当“印”的“强制烙印”的本义消失后,篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454195929.png) 再加“手” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454590476.png) 另造“抑”代替。造字本义:动词,古代官府强制性在发配边疆的罪犯额头上烙戳发配记号。隶书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454785533.png) 将篆文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454590476.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454199318.png) ,将篆文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454898044.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454283619.png) 。楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454779313.png) 将篆文字形中的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454898044.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104454943568.png) 。
10、容——囗,既是声旁也是形旁,是 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751602881.png) 的简写,即“囧”,窗洞,代居所。容,甲骨文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751705581.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751225407.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751870338.png) (穴,岩穴) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751996667.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751991706.png) (囗,即“囧”,窗洞,居所),表示远古祖先在山洞、岩穴中挖孔凿窗,采光通风,以寄居栖身。古鈢字形 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751726785.png) 承续甲骨文字形。篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751828255.png) 写成“宀” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751999598.png) 、“谷” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751504799.png) 会义的结构,表示“山谷中的居所”。造字本义:动词,栖身、藏身于洞穴。隶化后楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751747916.png) 将篆文字形中的“宀” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751999598.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751470744.png) ,将篆文字形中的“谷” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751504799.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751236221.png) 。
11、貌——“伯”与“皃”同源;“皃”是“貌”的本字;而“䫉”是“貌”的异体字。皃,甲骨文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045116180816.gif) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040362466.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040867611.png) (白,雪色的) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040855784.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045125347293.gif) (人,人体),表示老人的头发雪白。古人秉承“身体发肤,受之父母”的观念,蓄须蓄发,老人的须发长而白,头部形象特征突出,因此古人以老人头部长而白的须发,借代人体的外貌特征。金文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044747924633.gif) 承续甲骨文字形。篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044913660957.gif) 将金文字形中的“白” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044754443978.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040389747.png) ,将金文字形中的“人” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044809628148.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040732712.png) 。当“皃”的“头部形象”本义消失后,籀文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625044839777205.gif) 在“皃”字 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045000542212.gif) 基础上加“豸” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045008976435.gif) (猛兽)另造“貌”代替,表示人与动物头部发型、发色千姿百态、风采各异的形象特征。造字本义:名词,人与动物丰富而各异的头部发型、发色特征。隶化后楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755320406.png) 将籀文字形中的“豸” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045008976435.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755802483.png) ,将籀文字形中的“皃” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045000542212.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105755725292.png) 。篆文异体字“䫉” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045017368157.gif) 则用“頁” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045028239583.gif) (头部)代替“皃” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045000542212.gif) ,强调“头部形象”的含义。“皃”的同源字“伯”,甲骨文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/23/20200623044958203892.gif) 将“皃” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/25/20200625045116180816.gif) 的上下结构调整成左右结构,表示头发发白的老人。古籍多以“貌”代替“皃”和“䫉”。
12、斗——斗,甲骨文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105108447331.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105109224457.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105108528161.png) (凵,开口的盛器) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105109635977.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105108380763.png) (十,“又”的变形,抓持),表示带手柄的开口盛器,即长柄勺子。金文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105108954951.png) 承续甲骨文字形。篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105440514001.gif) 严重变形,将金文字形中的开口盛器“凵” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105554694405.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105613943007.gif) ,将金文字形中的“又” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105602771022.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105623115009.gif) ,整体字形与“毛” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105940494400.gif) 相近。造字本义:名词,长柄勺子。隶书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105108649610.png) 承续金文字形 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105108954951.png) 。俗体隶书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607110414197803.gif) 略有变形。楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105720846594.gif) 将俗体隶书字形中的勺形 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105108215121.png) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607110642424121.gif) ,将俗体隶书字形中的“又” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607110628472938.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607110651907202.gif) 。俗体楷书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105746124029.gif) 依据草书字形 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105827398589.gif) ,将正体楷书字形中的开口盛器 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607110642424121.gif) 简化成两点 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/7/20210607105752841091.gif) ,至此“斗”字面目全非,勺形全失。长柄勺为“斗”,用斗打酒为“升”。《汉字简化方案》中“斗”合并代替“鬥”。
13、郄[xì]——“郄”是“郤”的异体字。邑,既是声旁也是形旁,表示城邦。郤,篆文 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/2/20200902114759509933.gif) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818475236.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/2/20200902114309665997.gif) (谷,山岭间涧水汇集的洼地) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105818175828.png) ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/2/20200902114655483201.gif) (邑,城邦),表示山谷中的城邑。俗体隶书 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024205549625.gif) 误将篆文字形中“谷” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/2/20200902114309665997.gif) 字上部的两个“八” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024224253642.gif) 写成“爻” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024232221261.gif) ,误将篆文字形中“谷” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/2/20200902114309665997.gif) 字下部 的“口” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024244942387.gif) 写成“凵” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024252481631.gif) ,将篆文字形中的“邑” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/2/20200902114655483201.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024335457863.gif) 。楷书异体字“郄” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024358703717.gif) 则将俗体隶书字形中本该写作“谷”的 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024419553287.gif) 写成 ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024409559959.gif) ,将俗体隶书字形中的“邑” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024335457863.gif) 写成“右耳旁” ![](https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/3/20200903024349313142.gif) 。造字本义:名词,山谷中的城邑,据传为晋国大夫叔虎所受封的城邑,即今山西沁水县,境内山峦重叠,沟壑纵横。古籍多以“郤”代替“郄”。古籍也常假借“郤”或“郄”代替形似而同音的“隙”。
三、翻译: “中经”所说的是,那些为了振穷趋急,而施用厚德和言能的人。如果他们救助了困境中的人,那些被救者,是不会忘记其恩德的。所谓能言(策士),不失善人之类而广施恩惠;所谓施德,动能循理而能依道而行。所谓救拘执者,小人在拘执能被救养,则小人可得而使用之。策士生不逢时时,或者仅仅是免于填坑,或者成为善于加害嫉妒得能言善辩之人,或者放弃仁德而崇尚武力而成为一世雄主,或者被拘成为罪人,或者独守善道,或者在不断失败之中自立。 因此,道(中经之道)的关键贵在施道于人,而不是人施于道。施道于人者手中握权,人施于道者会失去天命。因此有“见形为容,象体为貌,闻声和音,解仇斗郄,缀去却语,摄心守义”等方法。《本经》中记载的如何做到这些的原理,运用变化的要点则在《持枢》、《中经》两篇中。
四、理解联想事例: 策士生不逢时,就会出现扛不住外界的压力,而变成为善于加害嫉妒得能言善辩之人。想到我们现在的外部环境,心不够安静明确,就很快被裹挟进人的欲望中去了。但也有独守善道的,但可能要面对的境况,就会不断地体会在失败中自立。 五、今日问题 今天的经文讲,中经的意思大概是说,有道之人如何守道义于天下的道术,可以称之为中经之道。中经之道在于“振穷趋急,施之能言厚德”,中经之要在于“贵制人,不贵制于人”。制人者握权,制于人者失命。制人而不是制于人的道术有:见形为容,象体为貌,闻声和音,解仇斗郄,缀去却语,摄心守义。并指出这些道术有其基本原理和运用中的变化规律。 提请大家思考的问题,在鬼谷子的论述体系中,持枢、中经、本经及本经阴符七术之间是什么关系? 持枢老师昨天说是们的底部,中经是说要施道与人。根是本经阴符七术。本是持枢。末是中经。
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