吕丽芳的读书笔记 - 第3页 - 重读素书 - 珑夫心理服务网

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-1-26 17:55:16

第三周第三天（1.26）：略己而责人者不治，
略：“各”是“略”的本字。当“各”的“进犯”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106580651.png再加“田”（“疆”的省略）另造“略”代替。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106580651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106190275.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106363253.png（田，即“疆”，边界）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106520311.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106255250.png（各，进犯他邑），表示犯边。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106958332.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，侵入他邑，重定疆界。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106395224.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106250008.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111106241285.png。古人称武力掠财为“侵”，称武力占地为“略”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：略，經略土地也。从田，各聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：略，管理侵占的土地。字形采用“田”作边旁，采用“各”作声旁。

己：“己”是“纪”的本字。己，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105116922751.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105116973198.png像绳子系绕的样子。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105116311803.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105116143020.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，在绳子上系圈、打结，用以记数和记事，或标明物品的归属者。当“己”的“结绳记事”本义消失后，篆文再加“丝”另造“纪”代替。捆绑的绳子为“乙”* ，用绳子捆绑叫“己”（纪）。
附一文言版《説文解字》：己，中宮也。象萬物辟藏詘形也。己承戊，象人腹。凡己之屬皆从己。
附二白话版《说文解字》：己，定位在中央。像万物因回避而收藏在土中弯弯曲曲的形状。己继承戊，字形像人腹。所有与己相关的字，都采用“己”作边旁。

责：“責”是“債”的本字。責，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148526896.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148124078.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148135838.png（朿，用荆条鞭打）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148693939.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148402553.png（貝，钱财），表示催债。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148379991.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148732200.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，用荆条鞭打，逼迫返还所欠的钱财。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148897104.png误将篆文字形中的“朿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148457048.png写成“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148490961.png”，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148863917.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148996457.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“责”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148713472.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148996457.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148735710.png。当“責”的“催债”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“债”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：責，求也。从貝，朿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：责，催债。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“朿”作声旁。

治：治，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300524262.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300129839.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300734018.png（水，洪汛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300382560.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300559548.png（台，通“臺”，土石堆筑的坝堤），表示筑堤防洪。造字本义：动词，开凿水道，修筑堤坝，疏水防洪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300624324.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300734018.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300850072.png，将篆文字形中的“台”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300559548.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020300974690.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：治，水。出東萊曲城陽丘山，南入海。从水，台聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：治，河川名。源于东莱郡曲城县的阳丘山，向南流入大海。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“台”作声旁。

翻译：对自己，侵入他邑，重定疆界,并在绳子上系圈、打结，用以记数和记事，标明自己的胜利品；对他人，用荆条鞭打，逼迫返还所欠的钱财。这样的人，无法开凿水道，修筑堤坝，疏水防洪。

自厚而薄人者弃。
自：造字本义：名词，鼻子，位于脸部中央的呼吸器官。古汉字中的人称来源，体现了古人的自我中心意识：脸部的正中央为“自”（鼻子，第一人称），脸部的下边为“而”（颌须，第二人称），身体的最下端为“之”（脚板，第三人称）；同样，威猛的武器为“我”（大戌，第一人称），而只用于短程集发的弓弩为“尔”（排箭，第二人称）。

厚：厚，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905977682.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032420599330.gif（厂，岩石、山陵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905427494.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif（是的倒写“享”，即倒写的享堂，借代阴间的祭殿、墓室），表示辟山为穴，凿陵为墓，建造地下的享堂；其中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif是“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116045305404912.gif的倒写，倒写的“享”，表示与地面上阳间享堂相反的地下阴间享堂。古代帝王在山陵的巨大岩体内开凿陵墓，以求地业千秋永恒，灵魂万世安宁。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032509595153.gif将甲骨文字形中倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032731460447.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032754906054.gif，享堂的屋顶形象消失。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032803548429.gif将倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032844293468.gif金文字形中由倒写的“享”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032744833631.gif变形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032814264560.gif写成“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAPAQMAAAAI86dzAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBQUIyNTEyMzlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyNDlFNjExMUU5OTkyMERFRkU0QzNDRjhBIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QUFCMjUxMjE5RTYxMTFFOTk5MkRFRkU0QzNDRkU4QSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBQUIyNTEyMkU2MTExRTk5OTIwREVGRTRDM0NGRThBIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OLh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAJnUVygAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNjaFBg2L+AAU7+f8Dg4MAQ7wAi6w8wAMHvB1D0+QEASRkQwDJLU1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif，字形有似倒写的“宫”。造字本义：名词，在巨大山陵岩体里开凿的帝王陵寝，即“陵墓”，也叫“地宫”；陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品，此即古代所谓的“厚葬”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif误将篆文字形中与倒写的“宫”相似的“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032852144337.gif写成“㫗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032937103794.gif，字形由甲骨文字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gif演变成楷书字形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032927478660.gif，可谓面目全非。
附一文言版《説文解字》：厚，山陵之厚也。从data:image/png;base64,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，从厂。垕，古文厚，从后、土。
附二白话版《说文解字》：厚，山陵之中的厚葬。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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、厂”会义。“垕”，是古文写法的“厚”字，采用“后、土”会义。

薄：溥，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水大、四处漫延。薄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905475695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905774574.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png（艸，野草）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905156146.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905163069.png（溥，漫延），表示草丛漫延生长。造字本义：名词，漫延生长的草丛。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905899606.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905319343.png，将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905628186.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905165751.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：薄，林薄也。一曰蠶薄。从艸，溥聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：薄，林中草木丛生。一种说法认为“薄”是蠶薄。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“溥”作声旁。

弃：其，既是声旁也是形旁，是“箕”的本字，表示箕筐，农用盛具。棄，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149695934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149922458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png（子，幼婴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png（其，即“箕”，竹筐）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149844333.png（双手），表示双手持箕，将箕筐中的幼婴送出家门。远古时代有些先民出于生存环境的压力，被迫将病婴、女婴、或无力养育的婴儿装在箕筐里，送到确信有人经过的地方，让善心人收养。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149628039.png将甲骨文字形中的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png写成倒写的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149502831.png，表示初生的婴儿。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149170804.png则将甲骨文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png简化字形，省去篆文字形中的“其”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149769111.png。造字本义：动词，将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149660680.png将篆文字形中倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149108795.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149262943.png，将篆文字形中双手持箕的形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149245587.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149604566.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“弃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149686632.png，承续简体的篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149364782.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：棄，捐也。从廾推data:image/png;base64,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棄之，从data:image/png;base64,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。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAOAQMAAADDr3TWAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpFMDZGMjUyNkY5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDIxMSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMDZGMjUyN0Y5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDExIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MDZGMjUyNEY5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDIxMSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMDZGMjUyNUY5OTExRTlCRDg4REIxNkJCOTcwMjExIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRD4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3b2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAMe2LmAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACZJREFUGNNj+P2AAY6A4PsDEHr/gOHdA4b7CQz3FzDsXwAS/38AANMdFJR9r9uQAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC，逆子也。弃，古文棄。
附二白话版《说文解字》：弃，遗弃婴儿。字形采用“廾”作边旁，表示双手推着箕筐data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpBODBBMzZGNkY5MzcxMUU5ODk5OTlENEVBOUEyQzdEMiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpBODBBMzZGN0Y5MzcxMUU5ODk5OTlENEVBOUEyQ0QyIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QTgwQTNGNEY5MzcxMUU5ODk5OTlENEVBOUEyQzdEMiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo4MEEzNkY1RjkzNzExRTk4OTk5OUQ0RUE5QTJDN0QyIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OLh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAg5OffgAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACFJREFUGNNjeL+DAYiA4O0OEGrggDIeWDD8/QFCQABmAACEYhNXbYu18wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==将婴孩丢在有人过往的地方。字形也用data:image/png;base64,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作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是头朝下的孩子，表示被遗弃的婴孩。弃，这是古文写法的“弃”。

翻译：在巨大山陵岩体里开凿自己的陵寝，陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品；而把他人扔在漫延生长的草丛时；这样的人容易被人遗弃。

以过弃功者损，
以：造字本义：动词，母子脐带相连，形神特征相传。

过：咼，既是声旁也是形旁，表示残骨，借代死亡。過，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854703617.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854716116.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854506162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png（残骨，借代死亡），表示生命在岁月的行进中化成枯骨。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854818755.png将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854261432.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png，将金文字形中的残骨形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854165043.png写成“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png。造字本义：动词，在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854650972.png将篆文字形或的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854915352.png写成“走字底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854333262.png，将篆文字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854194996.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png。《汉字简化方案》中简体楷书“过”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854115298.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854764153.png，将正体楷书字形中的“咼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854348102.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105854762235.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：過，度也。从辵，咼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：过，经由，经度。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“咼”作声旁。

功：工，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巧妙用力的器械。功，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148686314.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148215869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148506664.png（工，巧具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148612864.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png（力，使劲），表示利用器械，巧妙发力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148702673.png将金文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png。造字本义：动词，运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148707230.png将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148754792.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148674042.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：功，以勞定國也。从力，从工，工亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：功，费心费力，使国家安宁。字形采用“力、工”会义，“工”也作声旁。

损：員，既是声旁也是形旁，表示钟鼎的圆口。損，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517174157.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517426140.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517743445.png（手，捣毁）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517756877.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517915079.png（钟鼎的圆口），表示捣毁钟鼎器物。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517965251.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517915079.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517485939.png。造字本义：动词，捣毁、破坏钟鼎等贵重器皿。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517376657.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517743445.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517295412.png，失去五指形象。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“损”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517586716.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“員”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517970743.png简化成“员”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104517629271.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：損，減也。从手，員聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：损，减少。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“员”作声旁。

翻译：因为在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再，就把费心费力为国家守护安宁的人遗弃掉，这样的人会被人被捣毁、破坏钟鼎等贵重器皿一样费弃掉。

群下外异者沦，
群：“群”是“羣”的异体字。君，既是形旁也是声旁，表示主宰、统治。羣，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510395658.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510772402.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510787349.png（众多羊只）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510269488.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510890987.png（攴，鞭策、驱赶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510269488.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510565754.png（口，呟喝），表示牧羊者吆喝着将四处散落的羊只驱赶到一起。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510621921.png误将甲骨文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510565754.png（呟喝）和“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510890987.png（驱赶）合写成“君”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510972776.png；并同时将“君”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022510972776.png（主宰、统治）作为声旁。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809103738316328.gif承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809114432471387.gif将篆文字形中的“君”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809103949306472.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809114440871751.gif，将篆文字形中的“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809103801954675.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809114448393014.gif。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809114708453542.gif将上下结构调整成左右结构。造字本义：动词，牧羊者呟喝、驱赶，将众多羊只聚集在一起。古籍多以“羣”代替“群”。《汉字简化方案》用“群”代替“羣”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：羣，輩也。从羊，君聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：群，同辈人。字形采用“羊”作边旁，采用“君”作声旁。

外：外，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811646427.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811994719.png（卜，占卜、占问）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811682428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818779.png（内，穴居），表示远离居所占星问卜。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811726307.png以“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811640249.png（月亮，借代星夜）代替甲骨文字形中的“内”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818779.png，表示在星夜占卜。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811388247.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，在星夜的郊野占星问卜。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811370608.png将篆文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811691159.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811448302.png，将篆文字形中的“卜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811696297.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811224186.png。古人称进门回家为“内”；称出门到郊野占星问卜为“外”。　
附一文言版《説文解字》：外，遠也。卜尚平旦，今夕卜，於事外矣。
附二白话版《说文解字》：外，疏远。占卜的人平常喜欢在白天占卜，而今在夜晚占卜，这对于占卜之事来说就是例外了。

异：巳，既是声旁也是形旁，表示胎儿。异，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125286024.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125476118.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125786522.png（巳，胎儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125804660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125678844.png（双手抱持），表示手抱婴儿。造字本义：动词，送养或遗弃不正常的婴儿。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125348571.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125786522.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125177829.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125678844.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125125460.png。由于“异”和“異”字形相似、字义相近，古籍常常将“异”和“異”相互假借。《汉字简化方案》用“异”合并代替“異”。“尤”是抓持过多食物；“奇”是中原人所罕见的骑马代步；“特”是祭祀时牺牲专用的小公牛；“异”是不正常的婴儿。
附一文言版《説文解字》：异，舉也。从廾，㠯聲。《虞書》曰：“岳曰：异哉！”
附二白话版《说文解字》：异，推举。字形采用“廾”作边旁，采用“㠯”作声旁。《虞书》上说：“诸侯长说，推举他吧！”

沦：侖，既是声旁也是形旁，表示高低有序。淪，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652124004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652534619.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652138999.png（水，波纹）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652398213.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652982675.png（侖，次序），表示水波渐次推进荡开。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652939233.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，水波渐次推进。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652750448.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652296338.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652561678.png，将篆文字形中的“侖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652108500.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652961049.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“沦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020652898500.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“侖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020653149933.png简化成“仑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020653635434.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：淪，小波爲淪。从水，侖聲。《詩》曰：“河水清且淪漪。”一曰没也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：沦，和缓的波浪叫“沦”。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“仑”作声旁。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“河水清澈且微波粼粼。”一种说法认为，“沦”是“沉没”的意思。

翻译：把下面的人像牧羊者呟喝、驱赶，将众多羊只聚集在一起，而疏远、送养或遗弃不正常的婴儿。这样的人会像人水波一样被推远。

既用不任者疏，
既：“旡”是“既”的本字。旡，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825182086.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825879839.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825982917.png（转向背后的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825987555.png）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825709723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826321624.png（既，跪坐着的人），表示吃饱饭后，掉过头，嘴背着面前的餐桌。当“旡”作为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826145452.png再加“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826140349.png另造“既”代替。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826540834.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826762417.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，吃饱打嗝，转身离席，与“即”相反。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826398680.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826732634.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826744444.png，将篆文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826328826.png写成“旡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826267267.png。古人称近食就餐为“即”；称餐毕离席为“既”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：既，小食也。从皀，旡聲。《論語》曰：“不使勝食既。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：既，稍稍吃一点。字形采用“皀”作边旁，采用“旡”作声旁。《论语》上说，“不使肉食胜过米食。”

用：“用”是“桶”的本字。用，甲骨文、金文字形极其多样丰富，绝大多数字形像某种器具。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140696305.png是指事字，字形在“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png（脚趾）的字形上加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140473431.png，表示供人洗脚的水桶。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140244400.png将“止”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140241411.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140903412.png将“止”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140302406.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140290273.png将“止”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140690066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140296596.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140974655.png写成有提手的桶形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140947398.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140900225.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：名词，供人盛水洗脚的木桶。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140979976.png对篆文字形进行较大变形，写成“冂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140182493.png加“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140320136.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140204910.png的三包围结构。当“用”的“木桶”本义消失后，篆文再加“木”另造“桶”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：用，可施行也。从卜，从中。衞宏說。凡用之屬皆从用。data:image/png;base64,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，古文用。
附二白话版《说文解字》：用，可以施行。字形采用“卜、中”会义。注：此论是旁引卫宏先生对“用”的本义说法。所有与用相关的字，都采用“用”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“用”字。

任：任，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829357162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829186833.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829518301.png（工，巧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829118630.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829618451.png（人，远古的手工业者），表示能工巧匠。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829630971.png在“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829497003.png的握柄上加圆点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829501247.png，写成“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829364147.png，表示善于巧用器具，有办事能力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829523779.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，聪明能干，精于办事。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829954735.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829411467.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829931935.png，将篆文字形中的“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829688888.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829412103.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：任，符也。从人，壬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：任，委任状。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“壬”作声旁。

疏：疋，既是声旁也是形旁，是“足”的本字，表示行走的脚。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117132770.png，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117280428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117407884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117743165.png（西，包囊）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117512162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117425638.png（疋，行走的脚），表示带着包囊离家而行。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117598117.png，篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117709854.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117927499.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117407884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117846296.png（爻，希，稀少）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117512162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118801329.png（足，即“疋”的误写，行走的脚），表示引导出离，以减小人口密度。篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118677240.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117407884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118236207.png（足，“疋”的误写，行走的脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117512162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118436215.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118339431.png，即“流”），表示人员行走、流动。造字本义：动词，引导人员从一个固定地点向其他地方流动，以减小现有人口密度，减轻天灾或人祸的毁灭性破坏。隶书异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118910845.png、楷书异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118393937.png承续篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118677240.png。楷书“疏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118946151.png综合篆文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118958538.png”和篆文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118544507.png”，并将篆文字形中的“疋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117425638.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118556425.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118436215.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111118325734.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：疏，通也。从㐬，从疋，疋亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：疏，开通。字形采用“足、疋”会义，同时“疋”也作声旁。

翻译：吃饱打嗝，转身离席，还用了供人盛水洗脚的木桶；却不承认饭好吃、木桶好用。这样的人，别人会带着包囊离开他。

行赏吝色者沮，
行：行（háng），甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856999838.png是象形字，字形像四通八达的十字路口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856131419.png将十字路口形状的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856986596.png误写成正反两个“双人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856160305.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856598545.png，失去路口形象。造字本义：名词，纵横畅通的十字路口。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856343815.png一定程度上恢复金文字形。从甲骨文、金文字形看，“行”的左右两边“彳”、“亍”，应该被称作“左行旁”、“右行旁”，而不是“双人旁”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：行，人之步趨也。从彳，从亍。凡行之屬皆从行。
附二白话版《说文解字》：行，人们在路上行走或小跑。字形采用“彳、亍”会义。所有与行相关的字，都采用“行”作边旁。

赏：尚，既是声旁也是形旁，表示尊崇、追求。賞，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116242019.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116414654.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116852625.png（尚，尊崇、追求）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116361480.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116305588.png（貝，钱财），表示赐予钱财，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116989490.png把“尚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116852625.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116118283.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116322912.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，奖赐财物，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116410628.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116542275.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116628520.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116544087.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116184820.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“赏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116518951.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116184820.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116299346.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：賞，賜有功也。从貝，尚聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：赏，奖赐有功的人。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“尚”作声旁。

吝：吝，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136539316.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136304785.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136506685.png（文，远古时代刻在甲骨上的象形字，或刻在岩壁上的岩画）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136804188.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136383319.png（口，解说），表示解说古老岩画。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136113142.png、籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136160806.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136374942.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，破译、解读甲骨或岩壁上的古老神秘的图文符号。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136919858.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136773765.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023136276469.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：吝，恨惜也。从口，文聲。《易》曰：“以往吝。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：吝，悔恨，痛惜。字形采用“口”作边旁，采用“文”作声旁。《易经》上说：“长此以往将会后悔。”

色：色，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811637921.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811891455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811396333.png（站着的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811600593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811417126.png（跪着的人），表示两人一前一后，即两性亲密接触。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811899723.png将甲骨文字形中的左右结构调整成上下结构：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811899723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811891455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811178003.png（人，体位在上）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811600593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811223026.png（“人”的变形，体位在下），明确一人在上、一人在下的性活动含义。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811186276.png表示一个人用手抓住https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811481469.png另一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811776601.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811173140.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，两性交合。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811919540.png误将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811423720.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811770254.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：色，顔气也。从人，从卪。凡色之屬皆从色。data:image/png;base64,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，古文。
附二白话版《说文解字》：色，脸上的颜色、气色。字形采用“人、卪”会义。所有与色相关的字，都采用“色”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“色”字。

沮：且，既是声旁也是形旁，是“阻”省略，表示阻挡。沮，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255190655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255776148.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255545905.png（且，即“阻”，阻挡）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255155744.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255743712.png（水，河川），表示河川之阻。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255710838.png以“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255522219.png代“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255743712.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255258021.png基本承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，大河阻挡前路。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255816780.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255438105.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020255896379.png。山遮为“阻”；水隔为“沮”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：沮，水。出漢中房陵，東入江。从水，且聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：沮，河川。源出汉中房陵，向东汇入长江。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“且”作声旁。

翻译：要奖赐有功的人，脸上却有悔恨、痛惜的颜色，这样就如同有大河阻挡在前，无法得到有功的人的追随。

多许少与者怨，
许：午，既是声旁也是形旁，是“杵”的本字，表示向下舂插。許，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140117757.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140936652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140670478.png（言，说话）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140154882.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140407902.png（午，即“杵”，向下舂插），表示且说且杵，比喻说话时不断地点头。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140342315.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，点头答应，允诺。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140671777.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140577056.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140885442.png，将篆文字形中的“午”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140827289.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140189003.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“许”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140174354.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140885442.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023140209295.png。现代汉语中常“许诺”并用，“许”表示同意、赞成，给予对方做某事的权力；“诺”表示接受、顺从，愿意按照对方的诉求去做某事。
附一文言版《説文解字》：許，聽也。从言，午聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：许，听从、采纳。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“午”作声旁。

少：“小”、“少”同源，后分化。少，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907916201.png在指事字“小”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907476383.png（沙子）字上再加一点指事符号，表示“小”的相关特征。造字本义：形容词，规模小的，数量不多的。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907626888.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907144290.png为区别于“小”，将底部的一点写成撇“丿”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907260541.png承续金文字形。
附一文言版《説文解字》：少，不多也。从小，丿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：少，不多。字形采用“小”作边旁，采用“丿”作声旁。

怨：夗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，表示弯曲、回转。怨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410750773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713198618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png（夗，即“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，弯曲回转）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713178887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png（心，情绪），表示委婉、迂回表达的负面情绪。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/16/20200116090226266386.gif将金文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png写成“命”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410107754.png，将籀文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410394136.png，表示对强令的不满。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713419582.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713509642.png将篆文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713179371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713840325.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713716123.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713921385.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：怨，恚也。从心，夗聲。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDoxM0I2QTQzM0Y3RUMxMUU5QkJGQUE0RTlDRUE0MkUxNiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDoxM0I2QTQzNEY3RUMxMUU5QkJGQUE0RTlDRUE0MjE2Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MTNCNkE0MzFGN0VDMTFFOUJCRkE0RTlDRUE0MkUxNiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDoxM0I2QTQzMkY3RUMxMUU5QkJGQUE0RTlDQTQyRTE2Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4d/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAiSQXvQAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAC5JREFUGNNj+PuD4dcPhu8VDOdnMBgkMPz/wfCOg+HdC4ZVELSC4d0JhndAwR8Ax10WCdFYlFYAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，古文怨。
附二白话版《说文解字》：怨，藏恨于心。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“夗”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨字。

翻译：点头答应、允诺人数份肉，却用食勺为别人添加数量不多的食物；这样比较容易引起不满情绪。

既迎而拒者乖。
既：“旡”是“既”的本字。旡，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825182086.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825879839.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825982917.png（转向背后的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825987555.png）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825709723.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826321624.png（既，跪坐着的人），表示吃饱饭后，掉过头，嘴背着面前的餐桌。当“旡”作为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826145452.png再加“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826140349.png另造“既”代替。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826540834.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826762417.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，吃饱打嗝，转身离席，与“即”相反。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826398680.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826732634.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826744444.png，将篆文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826328826.png写成“旡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104826267267.png。古人称近食就餐为“即”；称餐毕离席为“既”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：既，小食也。从皀，旡聲。《論語》曰：“不使勝食既。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：既，稍稍吃一点。字形采用“皀”作边旁，采用“旡”作声旁。《论语》上说，“不使肉食胜过米食。”

迎：卬，既是声旁也是形旁，表示仰视。迎，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131396453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131102898.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/31/20200331090723559814.gif（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131230599.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131971641.png（卬，仰视），表示上前仰视接客。造字本义：动词，仰面上前接待，以示敬重和热情。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131322498.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/31/20200331090723559814.gif写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131302665.png，将篆文字形中的“卬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131971641.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131697171.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：迎，逢也。从辵，卬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：迎，相逢也。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“卬”作声旁。

拒：巨，既是声旁也是形旁，是“距”的省略，表示制造相隔空间。拒，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947145422.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947142845.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947570984.png（手，抵抗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947909709.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947743022.png（巨，“距”），表示抵抗以保持距离。造字本义：动词，抗击对方，抵制于安全距离。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947715954.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947570984.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947125648.png。

乖：瓜，既是声旁也是形旁，即“苽”，表示孤伶伶、静悄悄挂在藤蔓上的果实。乖，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853686717.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853410663.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853365228.png（人，当事人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853820548.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577180.png（瓜，即“苽”，藤蔓上孤伶伶、静悄悄的果实），表示人如瓜，比喻孤单而安静。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853626293.png以垂蔓形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577460.png（“苽”的省略）代替“瓜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577180.png，以“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853586334.png（背）代替“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853365228.png，表示背离人群，孤僻。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853164975.png误将籀文字形中两个“人”构成的“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853586334.png写成“兆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853808299.png。造字本义：动词，像闷瓜一样不合群，孤僻独处。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853780586.png误将籀文字形中的垂蔓形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853577460.png写成“千”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853290129.png，将籀文字形中的“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853586334.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105853881973.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：乖，戾也。从data:image/png;base64,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 从data:image/png;base64,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。data:image/png;base64,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，古文別。
附二白话版《说文解字》：乖，怪戾。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDowRjcxNzlENUU5NEUxMUU2QTBERUNFNTVFODVDREU2MSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDowRjcxNzlENkU5NEUxMUU2QTBERUNFNTVFODVDRDYxIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MEY3MTc5RDNFOTRFMTFFNkEwRENFNTVFODVDREU2MSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDowRjcxNzlENEU5NEUxMUU2QTBERUNFNTVFODVDRDYxIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBAHlCD68AAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAgSURBVBjTY7h/g+H9DobnFgyXIhh2vGCo/cDw9wdWBADd/Rhdy5TT9gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==、data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAMAQMAAACOZ9XdAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpCRjBEODIwOEU5NEUxMUU2OEZGRDkxOERBMEY5RTVBNyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpCRjBEODIwOUU5NEUxMUU2OEZGRDkxOERBMEY5RUE3Ij4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6QkYwODIwNkU5NEUxMUU2OEZGRDkxOERBMEY5RTVBNyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpCRjBEODIwN0U5NEUxRTY4RkZEOTE4REEwRjlFNUE3Ii8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRj4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDe3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEA/xcw4QAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACJJREFUGNNjePeA4X4CCO1fwFB/gOHtAxC6B0b7E0CofgEAQs8RXmSLg7kAAAAASUVORK5CYII=”会义。“乖”字中的“data:image/png;base64,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”，是古文写法的“別”字。

翻译：吃饱打嗝、转身离席，仰面上前接待，以示敬重和热情，却又捋着下巴上的胡子，抗击对方，抵制于安全距离；这样的人比较孤僻，像闷瓜一样不合群。

整段翻译：对自己，侵入他邑，重定疆界,并在绳子上系圈、打结，用以记数和记事，标明自己的胜利品；对他人，用荆条鞭打，逼迫返还所欠的钱财。这样的人，无法开凿水道，修筑堤坝，疏水防洪。
在巨大山陵岩体里开凿自己的陵寝，陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品；而把他人扔在漫延生长的草丛时；这样的人容易被人遗弃。
因为在时光流逝中走向死亡，身化枯骨，生命不再，就把费心费力为国家守护安宁的人遗弃掉，这样的人会被人被捣毁、破坏钟鼎等贵重器皿一样费弃掉。
把下面的人像牧羊者呟喝、驱赶，将众多羊只聚集在一起，而疏远、送养或遗弃不正常的婴儿。这样的人会像人水波一样被推远。
吃饱打嗝，转身离席，还用了供人盛水洗脚的木桶；却不承认饭好吃、木桶好用。这样的人，别人会带着包囊离开他。
要奖赐有功的人，脸上却有悔恨、痛惜的颜色，这样就如同有大河阻挡在前，无法得到有功的人的追随。
点头答应、允诺人数份肉，却用食勺为别人添加数量不多的食物；这样比较容易引起不满情绪。
吃饱打嗝、转身离席，仰面上前接待，以示敬重和热情，却又捋着下巴上的胡子，抗击对方，抵制于安全距离；这样的人比较孤僻，像闷瓜一样不合群。

心得：写这段文字的时候，好像在细数自己身上的问题一样，把自己身上发霉的、久不外露的都抖出来晒晒太阳，让他们重新带着阳光的清香重新成为我的一部分。

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-1-27 18:25:33

本帖最后由吕丽芳于 2021-1-27 23:08 编辑

第三周第四天（1.27）：薄施厚望者不报，
薄：造字本义：名词，漫延生长的草丛。附一文言版《説文解字》：薄，林薄也。一曰蠶薄。从艸，溥聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：薄，林中草木丛生。一种说法认为“薄”是蠶薄。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“溥”作声旁。

施：也，既是声旁也是形旁，是“蛇”的省略，表示蜿蜒蠕动。施，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625240283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625944500.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625242256.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625334709.png，是“旗”的本字，飘扬的军旗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625492626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625948884.png（也，即“蛇”，蜿蜒蠕动），比喻军旗在风中旖旎飘动。造字本义：动词，军旗在柔和的风中旖旎招展。
附一文言版《説文解字》：施，旗皃。从㫃，也聲。齊欒施字子旗，知施者旗也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：施，旗帜飘动的样子。字形采用“㫃”作边旁，采用“也”作声旁。齐国欒施字子旗，由此可知施是旗。

望：望，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148396911.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148789015.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148483751.png（臣，向下看）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148167974.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148448026.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148902022.png，挺立），表示登高远眺。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148180752.png加“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148204805.png，表示月圆之夜举目远眺，寄托对遥远亲友的思念之情。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148554212.png误将“臣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148863182.png写成“耳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148465317.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148311509.png则将“耳”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148465317.png写成“亡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023148152268.png（氓），表示流落他乡的人，对月怀乡；同时“亡”也兼作声旁。造字本义：动词，月夜远眺，寄托思念。附一文言版《説文解字》：望，出亡在外，望其還也。从亡，朢省聲。

报：“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212985965.png”是“報”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212985965.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212846448.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212121797.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212140330.png（人，嫌犯）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212455299.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212642325.png（又，抓、押送），表示带押嫌犯。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212202322.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212572522.png加“幸”，强调“報”的刑事特征。造字本义：动词，古代法官升堂传令，带押罪犯受审。
附一文言版《説文解字》：報，當罪人也。从幸，从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAOAQMAAAAsbR/oAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpFMTNDMDE1M0Y0ODMxMUU5QUFGOUYzM0JFMjJBQkNCQiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMTNDMDE1NEY0ODMxMUU5QUFGOUYzM0JFMjJBQkJCIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6RTEzQzAxNTFGNDgzMTFFOUFGOUYzM0JFMjJBQkNCQiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMTNDMDE1MkY0ODMxMUU5QUFGOUYzM0UyMkFCQ0JCIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZWQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAyv0gRAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAAClJREFUGNNjYHBgqHdgqDvAUHWAofYAQ/0BoABDfgNDuQNUBEgC2f4NAAj7DRGhBSreAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC。data:image/png;base64,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，服罪也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：报，承担与其罪行相应刑罚的人。字形采用“幸、data:image/png;base64,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”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，表示服罪。
翻译：把别人当成是林中丛生的草木，却希冀得到厚重的身份象征，这样会承担与其罪行相应的刑罚。

贵而忘贱者不久。
贵：貴，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841251073.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841543027.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841615161.png（双手，抓、捧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841699813.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841412631.png（土，故土），像双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841615161.png捧着泥土https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841412631.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841577203.png增加“宁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105841161948.png（即“贮”，存宝的匣子），强调离乡或流亡的人将具有象征性的泥土装进匣子，以示对故土的崇敬与珍爱。造字本义：动词，收藏故土，以示对故乡故国的崇敬与珍爱。附一文言版《説文解字》：貴，物不賤也。从貝，臾聲。臾，古文蕢。

忘：亡，既是声旁也是形旁，表示不存在、消失。忘，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216960645.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216389504.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216965384.png（亡，消失）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216556218.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105216959656.png（心，记忆）。造字本义：动词，从记忆中消失，不记得。净心为“慧”，无心为“忘”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：忘，不識也。从心，从亡，亡亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：忘，不记得。字形采用“心、亡”会义，“亡”也作声旁。

贱：戔，既是声旁也是形旁，表示刀戈相加。賤，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845605811.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845341436.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845861685.png（贝壳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845752318.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105845988968.png（戔，刀戈相加），表示用刀、戈破坏贝壳。远古时代完整的贝壳曾经是可流通的货币，而贝壳的碎块却没有货币功能。造字本义：动词，毁坏贝壳，使其失去货币价值。文言版《説文解字》：賤，賈少也。从貝，戔聲。
久：“镹”是“久”的异体字。久，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112345858623.gif是指事字，字形在“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112357325788.gif的腿部位置加一捺指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112405506061.gif，表示驻足等待。驻足等待容易感受时间的漫长。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/15/20201215112417678247.gif承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，停止行进，驻足等待。古籍多以“久”代替“镹”。长途迁移为“千”，驻足等待为“久”。
文言版《説文解字》：久，以後灸之，象人兩脛後有距也。《周禮》曰：“久諸牆以觀其橈。”凡久之屬皆从久。
白话版《说文解字》：久，从背后作针灸。字形像两腿后面保持距离。《周礼》上说：“将木柄顶在两墙之间用微火烤之，并观察它的弯曲程序。”所有与久相关的字，都采用“久”作边旁。

翻译：一旦变得被人崇敬心里就忘记了曾经没有价值的时刻，这样会长时间驻足无法前进。

念旧怨而弃新功者凶，
念：“唸”是“念”的异体字。今，既是声旁也是形旁，是“吟”的本字，表示低吟。念，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215322265.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215299739.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215147712.png（倒写的“口”，表示低头言语）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215496226.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105215351213.png（心，惦记），表示挂在嘴上，放在心上，情感难舍。造字本义：动词，因惦记怀想而自言自语。古籍多以“念”代替“唸”。文言版《説文解字》：念，常思也。从心，今聲。

旧：造字本义：动词，不筑巢的鸟类栖息在原本存在的土洞中。
文言版《説文解字》：舊，舊畱也。从萑臼聲。鵂，舊或从鳥休聲。
白话版《说文解字》：旧，保留旧的。字形采用“萑”作边旁，采用“臼”作声旁。鵂，有的“舊”采用“鸟”作边旁，用“休”作声旁。

怨：夗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，表示弯曲、回转。怨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410750773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713198618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png（夗，即“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，弯曲回转）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713178887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png（心，情绪），表示委婉、迂回表达的负面情绪。
造字本义：动词，以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。
白话版《说文解字》：怨，藏恨于心。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“夗”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨字。

弃：棄，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149695934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149922458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png（子，幼婴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png（其，即“箕”，竹筐）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149844333.png（双手），表示双手持箕，将箕筐中的幼婴送出家门。
造字本义：动词，将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养。
白话版《说文解字》：弃，遗弃婴儿。字形采用“廾”作边旁，表示双手推着箕筐data:image/png;base64,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将婴孩丢在有人过往的地方。字形也用data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAOAQMAAADDr3TWAAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDpFMDZGMjUyNkY5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDIxMSIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMDZGMjUyN0Y5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDExIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6MDZGMjUyNEY5NDkxMUU5QkQ4OERCMTZCQjk3MDIxMSIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDpFMDZGMjUyNUY5OTExRTlCRDg4REIxNkJCOTcwMjExIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSRD4gPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3b2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAMe2LmAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACZJREFUGNNj+P2AAY6A4PsDEHr/gOHdA4b7CQz3FzDsXwAS/38AANMdFJR9r9uQAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是头朝下的孩子，表示被遗弃的婴孩。弃，这是古文写法的“弃”

新：“辛”是“新”的本字；而“新”又是“薪”的本字。辛，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723185359.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723121043.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723664418.png（像刀刃）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723845962.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723728259.png（木，原木），表示加刃于木，即用刀斧劈柴。当“辛”的“劈柴”动词本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723255428.png再加“斤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723231959.png（斧子）另造“新”代替，强调用刀斧劈开原木。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723945463.png将“辛”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723185359.png中的“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723728259.png简化成“屮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723445384.png。原木的表皮通常灰暗而多褶皱，而劈开后木心所呈现的，却白晳而平滑，并且富于清新宜人的自然气息，因此“新”从“劈柴”的动词本义引申出“开辟性的、前所未有的”形容词含义。造字本义：动词，用锋利的刀斧将原木劈成两半，备作柴薪。
文言版《説文解字》：新，取木也。从斤，亲聲。
白话版《说文解字》：新，劈柴，将木头劈成散材。字形采用“斤”作边旁，采用“亲”作声旁。

功：工，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巧妙用力的器械。功，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148686314.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148215869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148506664.png（工，巧具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148612864.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024148549705.png（力，使劲），表示利用器械，巧妙发力。造字本义：动词，运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌
文言版《説文解字》：功，以勞定國也。从力，从工，工亦聲。
白话版《说文解字》：功，费心费力，使国家安宁。字形采用“力、工”会义，“工”也作声旁。

翻译：把原本的不满情绪挂在嘴上、放在心上，却像遗弃婴儿一样遗弃用锋利的刀斧巧妙发力劈原木而成的柴薪，这样会陷入致命的陷阱之中。

用人不正者殆，
用：造字本义：名词，供人盛水洗脚的木桶。文言版《説文解字》：用，可施行也。从卜，从中。衞宏說。凡用之屬皆从用。data:image/png;base64,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，古文用。正：“正”是“征”的本字。正，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152985815.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152472104.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152594042.png（囗，城邑、方国）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152163034.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152101674.png（止，行军），表示征伐不义之邑。造字本义：动词，行军征战，讨伐不义之地。古人称不义的侵略为“各”，称仗义的讨伐为“正”。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152652591.png
白话版《说文解字》：正，纠正，使恰当。字形采用“止”作字根，指事符号“一”表示阻止错误。所有与正相关的字，都采用“正”作边旁。㱏，这是古文写法的“正”字，采用“二、止”会义，二，表示上苍。data:image/png;base64,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，这也是古文写法的“正”字，采用“一、足”会义，足，也是“止”的意思。

殆：台，既是声旁也是形旁，是“胎”的省略。殆，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442856689.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442702641.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442278144.png（歹，即“死”的省略）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442667663.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104442230465.png（台，即“胎”的省略），表示死胎。造字本义：动词，胎死腹中。白话版《说文解字》：殆，危险。字形采用“歹”作边旁，采用“台”作声旁。
翻译：任用的士兵，不愿意参与行军征战，讨伐不义之地，这样你想要做的事一定会胎死腹中，不会成功的。

强用人者不畜，
强：强，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049265145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049427307.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049514491.png（弘，声音大）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049175283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049293212.png（虫，爬行动物），表示动物的发出的巨大声音。造字本义：名词，呼啸声震憾人的大型爬行动物。白话版《说文解字》：強，蚚类昆虫。字形采用“虫”作边旁，采用“弘”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文的“强”，采用“䖵”作边旁，“彊”作声旁。畜：畜，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034550123305.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212808713.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034607331279.gif（幺，丝、绳索）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212442408.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034616247584.gif（囗，封闭的围栏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105212442408.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/11/20200411034623711068.gif（艸，植物），表示用绳索将牛羊等动物系在栏圈内，并以草料饲养。
造字本义：动词，用绳索将牛羊等驯化动物系在围栏里，用草料或谷物饲养，以备家庭对肉食的不时之需。现代汉语中常“牲畜”并用，用以敬神的鲜活家畜叫“牲”；家庭饲养、储备的鲜活动物叫“畜”。
白话版《说文解字》：畜，耕田的力畜。《淮南子》上说：“玄、田会义即为‘畜’字”。data:image/png;base64,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，《鲁郊礼》上说，“畜”字由田、兹会义。兹，表示增加。

翻译：用呼啸声震憾人巨大声音来指使劳作者，这样是不会有所积蓄的。

为人择官者乱，
为：“爲”是“撝”和“僞”的本字；“為”是“爲”的异体字。爲，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051054689200.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023933419305.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051104952954.gif（又，抓、牵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023933225889.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/3/20201203051112508309.gif（象，大型力畜），表示驯兽师手牵大象，驯化大象的野性，使大象为主人服役，劳作载重。大象是陆地上最大型的力畜，在严重依赖体力的远古时代，驯化大象为主人服务，在古人看来是是一项无所不能的发明。造字本义：动词，人工引导驯服大象，使大象掌握超越自然本能的劳动技能，变成听命于主人的劳动力。
附二白话版《说文解字》：为，弥猴。作为走兽的弥猴喜欢用它的爪子。爪，就是弥猴的形象特征所在。“为”的篆文字形下部像弥猴的形状。王育说：“爪的字形，像弥猴的爪形”。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“为”字，像两只弥猴相对的样子。
择：睪，既是声旁也是形旁，表示观察辨别、拘捕嫌犯。擇，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063507528558.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427844554.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063646989270.gif（睪，观察辨别、拘捕嫌犯）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104427489373.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/22/20200122063706645801.gif（廾，双手），表示拘捕嫌犯。造字本义：动词，观察辨别、拘捕嫌犯。
白话版《说文解字》：择，柬拨，挑选。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“睪”作声旁。

官：官，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921985004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921745964.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921795442.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921729044.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104921456907.png（兵符、权印），表示放兵符的房屋。汉语中常“官宦”和“官僚”并称。古人称拥有大权的军政要员为“官”；称辅佐大臣或帝王的家臣为“宦”；称辅佐一般官吏的私人高参为“僚”。　
白话版《说文解字》：官，官吏，服务于君王的人。字形采用“宀、data:image/gif;base64,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”会义。data:image/gif;base64,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好像众多的样子。此个data:image/gif;base64,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与“師”中的data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhCQAOAIABAAAAAP///yH/C1hNUCBEYXRhWE1QPD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbWV0YSB4bWxuczp4PSJhZG9iZTpuczptZXRhLyIgeDp4bXB0az0iQWRvYmUgWE1QIENvcmUgNS4zLWMwMTEgNjYuMTQ1NjYxLCAyMDEyLzAyLzA2LTE0OjU2OjI3ICAgICAgICAiPiA8cmRmOlJERiB4bWxuczpyZGY9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJkZjphYm91dD0iIiB4bWxucz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乱：造字本义：形容词，织机上的丝线混杂无序。

翻译：驯服大象变成听命于主人的劳动力，去观察辨别并拘捕嫌犯，成为服务于君王的人，结果就如织机上的丝线一样混杂无序。

失其所强者弱，
失：失，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632754016.png在手“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632679430.png上加一捺指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632995410.png，表示手未抓牢。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632414717.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，手未抓牢而丢落。
附二白话版《说文解字》失，放手、脱手而不能控制。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“乙”作声旁
弱：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052212667.png，两“弓”会义，表示弓子强劲有力；https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052773060.png，像须发，表示年长或衰老。弱，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052479944.png在https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052212667.png各加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052773060.png，表示强弓已老旧，比喻强劲的弓弩在使用很久之后失去弹力。造字本义：形容词，强弓寿命已到，缺乏力量。
附二白话版《说文解字》：弱，柔曲。字形上部的“弓”像柔曲的形状；而“彡”，像毛发柔弱的样子。柔弱的事物往往相连相存，因此字形采用两个data:image/png;base64,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会义。翻译：手未抓牢丢落了能使自己使得可以震憾人那样的强大，就会像强弓寿命已到而缺乏力量。

决策于不仁者险，
决：“决”是“決”的异体字。夬，既是声旁也是形旁，是“玦”的本字，表示中断、分别。决，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644506805.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644813482.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644144429.png（水，洪水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644214298.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020644217263.png（夬，即“玦”，中断），表示洪水将堤岸冲出口子。造字本义：动词，大水冲裂堤岸。
附一文言版《説文解字》：決，行流也。从水，从夬。廬江有決水，出於大別山。
附二白话版《说文解字》：决，在洪汛期打开水坝，让洪水畅通。字形采用“水、夬”会义。庐江有決水河，源出于大別山。
策：朿，既是声旁也是形旁，是“刺”的本字，表示棘刺。策，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359380018.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359397749.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359687747.png（“竹”的变形）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359860088.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359629283.png（朿，棘刺），表示竹鞭。造字本义：名词，用来刺激、驱赶马匹的竹鞭。
附二白话版《说文解字》：策，赶马的竹鞭。字形采用“竹”作边旁，采用“朿”作声旁。
仁：人，既是声旁也是形旁，表示普天之下不同身份地位的生活者。仁，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946953790.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946144985.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946476186.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946189353.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104946221094.png（二，等同、相等，参见“均”、“齐”），表示人人相等，亦即等而视之，视人若已，将心比心，同情包容。造字本义：动词，尊重人道，相信人性相通，视人若已，同情包容，尤指强势者对弱势者的厚道。
附一文言版《説文解字》：仁，親也。从人，从二。忎，古文仁从千心。data:image/png;base64,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，古文仁或从尸。
附二白话版《说文解字》：仁，亲爱。字形采用“人、二”会义。忎，这是古文写法的“仁”，字形采用“千、心”会义。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo2RkNBRjBENkY5MzMxMUU5ODc1QURGQTc2RUM1ODc5RiIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo2RkNBRjBEN0Y5MzMxMUU5ODc1QURGQTc2RUM1ODlGIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6NkZDQUZENEY5MzMxMUU5ODc1QURGQTc2RUM1ODc5RiIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG0uZGlkOjZGQ0FGMEQ1RjkzMzExRTk4NzVBREZBNzZFQzU4NzlGIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREY+IDwveDp4bXBtZXRhPiA8P3hwYWNrZXQgZW5kPSJyIj8+Af/+/fz7+vn49vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OPi4eDf3t3c29rZ2NfW1dTT0tHQz87NzMvKycjHxsXEw8LBwL++vby7urm4t7a1tLOysbCvrq2sq6qpqKempaSjoqGgn56dnJuamZiXlpWUk5KRkI+OjYyLiomIh4aFhIOCgYB/fn18e3p5eHd2dXRzcnFwb25tbGtqaWhnZmVkY2JhYF9eXVxbWllYV1ZVVFNSUVBPTk1MS0pJSEdGRURDQkFAPz49PDs6OTg3NjU0MzIxMC8uLSwrKikoJyYlJCMiISAfHh0cGxoZGBcWFRQTEhEQDw4NDAsKCQgHBgUEAwIBACVGV6EAAAADc0JJVAEBAXwud4IAAAAGUExURQAAAP///6XZn90AAAACdFJOU/8A5bcwSgAAAAFiS0dEAf8CLd4AAAAMY21QUEpDbXAwNzEyAAAAB09tt6UAAAAhSURBVBjTYzjAwHD/AxSB2D9A6IYElLH/B8MGBhBZ/wMAsr4Uz+b6ybgAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，这是“仁”的古文异体字，字形采用“尸”作边旁。
险：僉，既是声旁也是形旁，是“劍”的省略，表示利剑。險，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152486408.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152459680.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152852570.png（山，峰顶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152243709.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152537842.png（僉，即“劍”，利剑），表示峰峭如剑。
造字本义：名词，比喻陡峭如剑的山峰。附二白话版《说文解字》：险，阻碍、难以通行的山崖。字形采用“左耳旁”（阜）作边旁，采用“僉”作声旁。
翻译：在洪汛期打开水坝让洪水畅通，用竹鞭来刺激、驱赶马匹，这些做法都做不到尊重人道、相信人性相通、视人若已、同情包容等，这样一定会遇到阻碍、难以通行的境地。

阴计外泄者败，
阴：侌，既是声旁也是形旁，是“霒”的本字，表示天空多云、没有阳光、有雨情。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921646206.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921881364.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921304561.png（阜，山地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921456004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015921821340.png（侌，天空多云、没有阳光），表示山地背阳、缺少阳光的北坡。造字本义：名词，山地背阳的潮湿北坡。

计：十，既是声旁也是形旁，表示巨大数量。计，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524131170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524954381.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524896927.png（午，疑为对“十”的误写）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524159802.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023524879679.png（言，说话、商谈），表示大量的商谈。造字本义：动词，众人七嘴八舌地商议、谋划。
白话版《说文解字》：计，合算，算数。

外：外，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811646427.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811994719.png（卜，占卜、占问）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811682428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811818779.png（内，穴居），表示远离居所占星问卜。造字本义：动词，在星夜的郊野占星问卜。白话版《说文解字》：外，疏远。占卜的人平常喜欢在白天占卜，而今在夜晚占卜，这对于占卜之事来说就是例外了。
泄：世，既是声旁也是形旁，是“卅”的异体字，表示三十，即数量巨大。泄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065517226922.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704514566.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065526603372.gif（水，积水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704532928.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065535249632.gif（丗，即“卅”，三十），表示大量排水。造字本义：动词，快速、大量地排水。

翻译：山地背阳的潮湿北坡，有一众人七嘴八舌地商议、谋划，却在星夜的郊野快速、大量地排出来了，这样的谋划一定会败。

厚敛薄施者凋。
敛：僉，既是声旁也是形旁，表示力排众议，统一认识，执行命令。斂，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858967974.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858642426.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858345388.png（僉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858682436.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105858133769.png（攴，持械打击），表示以行罚的权威强制统一认识，接受命令。造字本义：动词，以行罚的权威强制臣民统一认识，征收赋税。
凋：周，既是声旁也是形旁，是“彫”的省略，表示刻划、切割。凋，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020421479287.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020421295495.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812012307311111.gif（仌，冰，借代下霜结冰的寒天）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020421308130.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812012156556277.gif（周，即“彫”，刻划、切割），比喻严寒像刻刀一样雕刻大地，琢去了草木的叶子。造字本义：动词，草木在严寒中褪色落叶。
白话版《说文解字》：凋，草木半伤近残。字形采用“仌”作边旁，采用“周”作声旁。

翻译：强行征收厚重的赋税，给予的却如含量不足，苛责百姓，则会如严寒中的草本褪色落叶。

整体翻译：把别人当成是林中丛生的草木，却希冀得到厚重的身份象征，这样会承担与其罪行相应的刑罚。一旦变得被人崇敬心里就忘记了曾经没有价值的时刻，这样会长时间驻足无法前进。
把原本的不满情绪挂在嘴上、放在心上，却像遗弃婴儿一样遗弃用锋利的刀斧巧妙发力劈原木而成的柴薪，这样会陷入致命的陷阱之中。
任用的士兵，不愿意参与行军征战，讨伐不义之地，这样你想要做的事一定会胎死腹中，不会成功的。
用呼啸声震憾人巨大声音来指使劳作者，这样是不会有所积蓄的。
驯服大象变成听命于主人的劳动力，去观察辨别并拘捕嫌犯，成为服务于君王的人，结果就如织机上的丝线一样混杂无序。
手未抓牢丢落了能使自己使得可以震憾人那样的强大，就会像强弓寿命已到而缺乏力量。
在洪汛期打开水坝让洪水畅通，用竹鞭来刺激、驱赶马匹，这些做法都做不到尊重人道、相信人性相通、视人若已、同情包容等，这样一定会遇到阻碍、难以通行的境地。
山地背阳的潮湿北坡，有一众人七嘴八舌地商议、谋划，却在星夜的郊野快速、大量地排出来了，这样的谋划一定会败。
强行征收厚重的赋税，给予的却如含量不足，苛责百姓，则会如严寒中的草本褪色落叶。

心得：每翻译一句话，总会对比自己，也总能发现自己的小心翼翼与积德的急迫。心里装不下天地万物，只有自己，于是就凋、就败、就凶。

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-1-28 21:00:16

第三周第五天（1.28）：
战士贫，游士富者衰；
战：單，既是声旁也是形旁，是“彈”的本字，表示弹弓。戰，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602811594.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602796388.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602531115.png（單，弹，射击工具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602452035.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602297488.png（戈，刺杀工具），表示射击、刺杀。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104602792519.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，远古士兵以弹弓、干戈为武器打斗拼杀。白话版《说文解字》：战，战斗。字形采用“戈”作边旁，采用“单”作声旁。

士：士，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605872853.png像是有手柄https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605498433.png（即https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605279751.png，是“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605947695.png的变形）的宽刃战斧https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605379944.png。造字本义：名词，手持大斧作战的武夫。
白话版《说文解字》：士，善于办事的人。天地之数，从一开始，到十结束。字形采用“一、十”会义。孔子说：“能推十合一、从众多事物中推演归纳出一个根本道理的人，就是高明的士。”所有与士相关的字，都采用“士”作边旁。
贫：貧，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107824124.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107331733.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107525050.png（宀，家）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107987247.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107347326.png（分）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107892606.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107331733.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107499014.png（分）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107987247.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111107248535.png（貝，财产），强调分割财产。造字本义：动词，分割家产。
白话版《说文解字》：贫，家产而众人分割而减少。字形采用“贝”会义，“分”也是声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“贫”，字形采用“宀、分”会义。
游：造字本义：动词，古代学子以族旗为护照，举旗越境参观巡学。
富：富，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836821208.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836346507.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836192076.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836865613.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105836530165.png（酉，酒坛）。远古时代粮食匮乏，酒品稀有，家中有酒是生活宽裕的标志。造字本义：形容词，家境宽裕，有余粮酿酒。白话版《说文解字》：富，所需皆备。另一种说法认为，“富”是家底厚实。
衰：造字本义：名词，用耐潮、耐湿的棕片缝制的雨衣。形容词：干枯的，枯萎的，退化的。
翻译：手持大斧作战的武夫的家产因众人分割而减少，学以族旗为护照举旗越境参观巡学的人却家境宽裕，还有余粮酿酒。这样的国家会慢慢退化。
心得：战士是一个国家的根本，同样做事也是一个人的根本。

货赂公行者昧；
货：化，既是声旁也是形旁，表示改变、转变。貨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843143549.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843323996.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843411054.png（化，转变）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843201267.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843805254.png（貝，钱财），表示可以转变成钱财的商品。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105843357955.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，可以出卖而转换成钱财的商品。白话版《说文解字》：货，财物。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“化”作声旁。
赂(lù)：各，既是声旁也是形旁，是“絡”的省略，表示拢络。賂，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059265167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059763123.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059576028.png（貝，钱财）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059515444.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111059247091.png（各，“络”，拢络）。造字本义：动词，用钱财拢络、收买他人。
公：囗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“共”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544304559.png的省略，表示集体拥有。公，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544211753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544548270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544468617.png（八，是“分”的本字）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544538042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104544623027.png（口，即“共”的省略，集体拥有），表示平均分配集体所共同拥有的物品。造字本义：动词，平均分配部落或氏族集体所共同拥有的包括食物在内的所有物品、物用。
昧：未，既是声旁也是形旁，表示果树枝叶正茂、但还没结果。昧，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511105448105712.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015111109204.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/11/20200511105548938133.gif（未，枝叶茂盛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015111187450.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015111119397.png（日，阳光），表示茂盛的枝叶遮蔽阳光。造字本义：动词，草木遮蔽阳光而使之黑暗，使看不见。
翻译：用可以转变成钱财的商品来拢络收买需要平均分配集体所共同拥有的物品的人，这件事会让人变得如草木遮蔽阳光一样阴暗。
心得：败莫败于多私
闻善忽略，记过不忘者暴；
闻：門，既是声旁也是形旁，表示房屋入口处可开关的双户。聞，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613722899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613945695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613111878.png（像一个人举起一只手在耳边）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613427425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614914991.png（夸张的大耳朵），表示举掌在耳边，以增强对声音信号的捕捉。造字本义：动词，竖起耳朵，用心注意地听。
忽：勿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示否定。忽，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758177604.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758674658.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758884293.png（勿，否定、不）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758928029.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104758120630.png（心，意识），不经心、不上心、不重视。造字本义：动词，不放在心上，不重视。
文言版《説文解字》：忽，忘也。从心，勿聲。
白话版《说文解字》：忽，因忘记而无视。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“勿”作声旁。

记：己，既是声旁也是形旁，是“纪”的本字，表示用以打结、记事的绳子。記，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159137494.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159183548.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159721695.png（言，语言）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159741769.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023159891053.png（己，即“纪”，结绳纪录事件），表示用语言文字纪事。造字本义：动词，用书面语言的形式将事件信息载入简册、书籍。
文言版《説文解字》：記，疏也。从言，己聲。
白话版《说文解字》：记，标注。

暴：“暴”是“曝”的本字。暴，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428101355136144.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014859342611.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428094649131774.gif（口，“日”的变形参见“日”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014859637954.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428101424338920.gif（鹿头，代鹿皮），像在太阳下面曝晒鹿皮。造字本义：动词，将兽皮或粮食谷物放在烈日下曝晒，以便干燥保存。
翻译：听到让人神态安祥言语亲和的事情，就不放在心中，不重视；书面语言记录下的出格行为却不会从记忆中消失，这样的人是疯狂的、急躁的。
心得：君子应当：闻善而慕,知过而惧

所任不可信，所信不可任者浊。
可：“可”是“哥”、“謌”和“歌”的本字。口，既是声旁也是形旁，表示发声。可，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137728374.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137734984.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137223592.png（似竽的乐器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137925619.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023137667466.png（口，发声），表示和着音乐唱歌。造字本义：动词，古代男女以吹笙唱歌方式求偶。白话版《说文解字》：可，肯，同意。
信：“訫”是“信”的异体字。信，简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207757393.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207565978.png（人，当事人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207183107.png（口，说话），表示开口许诺。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207402302.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207819964.png（千，巨量）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207626179.png（言，说话），表示用千言万语保证。造字本义：动词，许诺，发誓。白话版《说文解字》：信，诚实不欺。
浊：濁，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603308604.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603946098.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603717923.png（水，河川）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603412873.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020603927439.png（蜀，西南、西北地区），表示西南、西北地区的河川。造字本义：名词，蜀水，源于楚、湘地区的多泥沙的河流。形容词：混沌，模糊。
翻译：想要筑屋造门的人委任了精于办事的匠人，却不同意他是不可怀疑的；用千言万语保证诚实不歁的人却不肯委任，这样的人的内心是混沌、模糊的。
心得：任材使能，所以济物。
牧人以德者集，绳人以刑者散。
牧：牧，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022409236126.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408323166.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217084305927793.gif（持械打击）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408825957.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/17/20200217084048940648.gif（牛，力畜），表示鞭打驱赶牛羊。造字本义：动词，放养牛群。古人称放牛为“牧”；称放羊为“养”。白话版《说文解字》：牧，饲养牛的人。
集：集，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200674297.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200336244.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200185802.png（鳥）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200319015.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200679196.png（木，树），像鸟雀飞落在树上。造字本义：动词，鸟群栖在树上。
绳：黽，既是声旁也是形旁，疑是“蛇”的变形。繩，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059737819.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059961581.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059432888.png（糸，麻线）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059104145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105059753211.png（蛇）。造字本义：名词，比喻蛇状的带状柔韧织物，用麻线或其它纤维交织缠绕而成，比线粗比索细。白话版《说文解字》：绳，麻索。
刑：井，既是声旁也是形旁，表示“井”形的木枷。刑，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226831195.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226637452.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226282203.png（“井”中加一点，表示套在头上的木枷）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226215058.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105226408363.png（刀，刑具），表示戴着木枷受刑。造字本义：动词，用刀砍杀披枷戴锁的罪人。
散：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052261236.png，既是声旁也是形旁，是“麻”的本字，表示麻林。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052557810.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052489934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052966035.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052474826.png（林，麻林）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052535478.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111052965298.png（攴，持械打击），表示持械打、扯麻皮，使麻缕与麻青分离。造字本义：动词，以外力破坏物体原有结构，使之分离成若干部分。散，杂肉。
翻译：放养牛群的躬身垂臂劳作者，会像鸟群都栖在树上一样，因为德行而聚集；用麻线把罪人捆起用刀砍杀的人会因为外力的破坏而分离。
心得：怀德以行远

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-1-29 17:04:54

第三周第六天（1.29）：
小功不赏，则大功不立；
小：“小”是“沙”的本字；“少”和“小”同源。小，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907972809.png是象形字，字形像三（众多）颗细微的沙粒。造字本义：名词，细微的沙粒。当“小”的“沙粒”本义消失后，金文再加“水”另造“沙”代替，表示水边的细沙。白话版《说文解字》：小，物体细微的特征。
功：造字本义：动词，运用器械，巧妙发力，武术制敌。
赏：造字本义：动词，奖赐财物，以激励对方崇尚某种价值。白话版《说文解字》：赏，奖赐有功的人。
立：造字本义：动词，站在地上。白话版《说文解字》：立，站住。
大：大，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943987128.png像张开双臂双腿、顶天立地的成年人。造字本义：名词，顶天立地的成年人。白话版《说文解字》：大，天大，地大，人也大。
翻译：对于运用如细微沙粒的器械巧妙发力不于奖赐，则顶天立地的武术制敌就站不住。
心得：奖励小功，则大功立
小怨不赦，则大怨必生。
怨：怨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410750773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713198618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png（夗，即“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，弯曲回转）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713178887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png（心，情绪），表示委婉、迂回表达的负面情绪。造字本义：动词，以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。白话版《说文解字》：怨，藏恨于心
赦：赦，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121419489664.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218885657.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121419800719.png（赤，火刑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105218210547.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121419974686.png（攴，持械执法），表示执行火刑。造字本义：动词，临刑前免除罪犯的死刑。
必：造字本义：名词，将多层竹片缠在一起构成的戈、矛等器械的柔韧手柄。白话版《说文解字》：必，分成两极。
翻译：如细微沙粒一样的不满情绪不予免除，则一定会萌生出如顶天立地般的恨。
心得：对于心里小朋友的不友好的动静一定好好体会，否则会爆发出大的抽风似的情绪。
赏不服人，罚不甘心者叛。
服：“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”是“服”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456134144.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456872276.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456990297.png（人，罪人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456103176.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456340109.png（又，抓捕、控制），表示抓捕罪犯。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”作为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456537159.png再加“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456267826.png（方形木枷）另造“服”代替，强调抓捕罪犯，并用刑枷加以控制。造字本义：动词，抓捕战俘或罪犯，强制上枷，使之屈从。动词：被迫接受，认同。
罚：罰，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950102485.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950726625.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950494245.png（网，逮捕）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950862063.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950771152.png（言，议论、观点）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950862063.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104950208476.png（人，臣子或士民），表示逮捕持不同政见的人士。造字本义：动词，逮捕因言获罪者，并施以轻刑惩治。白话版《说文解字》：罚，对较轻罪行的处置。
甘：造字本义：动词，用口舌品尝食物的美味。
叛：叛，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157882601.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157371341.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157143480.png（半，分裂）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157153607.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024157941472.png（反，违背），造字本义：动词，军队分裂，违抗中央政权。
翻译:若奖励不被人认同，对较罪行的处置也不让人心里接受，这样会导致军队分裂违抗中央政权。
心得：赏善罚恶，以立功立事。
赏及无功，罚及无罪者酷。
及：及，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445182392.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445257561.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445430228.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445714706.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445850332.png（又，抓），像一只手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445850332.png从背后抓住前面的人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445430228.png。造字本义：动词，赶上并抓住。
无：造字本义：形容词，头顶全秃，没有头发。
酷：酷，古陶https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005125291.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005344647.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005789692.png（酉，酒）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005255749.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105005157046.png（告，杀牛祭祀）。造字本义：名词，用于祭祀的浓香美酒。
翻译：奖赏无功之人，逮捕并惩治没有做非法事件的人，是让人难以承受的。
心得：赏罚需分明
听谗而美，闻谏而仇者亡。
闻：聞，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613722899.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613945695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613111878.png（像一个人举起一只手在耳边）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613427425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022614914991.png（夸张的大耳朵），表示举掌在耳边，以增强对声音信号的捕捉。造字本义：动词，竖起耳朵，用心注意地听。
谏：諫，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251225868.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251523093.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251108571.png（柬，挑选、挑剔）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251386918.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023251198710.png（言，言说、评论），表示挑剔、批评。造字本义：动词，臣子批评或忠告君王。
仇：仇，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849737605.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849998980.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849215871.png（人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849522533.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104849703631.png（九，“究”的省略，追究），表示追究对方。造字本义：动词，追究伤害，攻击报复。
亡：造字本义：动词，战败的士兵手举盾甲逃命。
翻译：用耳朵留意别人不断地用甜言蜜语讨好献媚自己就觉得自己好看、漂亮，竖起耳朵用心注意地听到批评或忠告就攻击报复，那么此人领导的团体会亡。
心得：谗言慎莫听，听之祸殃结

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-1-30 19:53:32

第三周第七天（1.30）：
原文：
能有其有者安，贪人之有者残。
查字：
能：造字本义：名词，体形庞大但善于爬树的熊。动词：做得到，可行。白话版《说文解字》：能，熊属。足形似鹿。字形采用“肉”作边旁，“㠯”作声旁。能（熊）是兽的中坚，因此称贤者为“能”；而强壮者，则称为“能杰”。所有与能相关的字，都采用“能”作边旁。
有：①本义，动词，手持肉食。②动词：操持，获得。
安：安，繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115903752596.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811450346.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917121024431066.gif（宀，新房）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105811278453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/17/20200917115915797796.gif（女，流泪的新娘）。造字本义：动词，男子建房娶亲成家，内心踏实过日子。古人称娶亲成家、专心度日为“安”；称生活富足、内心愉快安定为“寧”，“安”是“寧”的基础，“寧”是“安”的高级境界。
贪：貪，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116870850.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116704727.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116420188.png（口，含在嘴里）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116730678.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116152400.png（貝，古代最早的货币），表示爱财至极，含贝在口。造字本义：动词，对钱贝迷恋到想把它吞下去。白话版《说文解字》：贪，想要得到钱财货物。
残：殘，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507050726657133.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445966292.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507050754747490.gif（歹，肢解切割、析骨剔肉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104445970005.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/7/20200507050745267337.gif（戔，相互武力拼杀），表示武力拼杀，置对方于死地。造字：本义，①动词，为争夺利益，武力拼杀，置对方于死地。②形容词：不健全的，不完整的。③形容词：剩余的，将尽的。白话版《说文解字》：残，残害。
翻译：像体形庞大但善于爬树的熊一样能够做到获得他应该获得者，可以建房娶亲成家内心踏实地过日子；迷恋他人手中肉食者则会被置于死地。
心得：

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-1-31 15:32:12

第四周第一天（1.31）：
原文：怨在不舍小过，患在不预定谋。福在积善，祸在积恶。
饥在贱农，寒在堕织。安在得人，危在失事。查字：
在：在https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808306758.png（才，房柱房梁，借代居所）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105808164280.png（土，田地），表示赖以生存的居所和田地。造字本义：动词，有屋有地，定居生活。
舍：舍=（余，单柱、无壁的简易茅屋）+（囗，代表村邑），表示村邑中的茅屋。造字本义：名词，村邑中供旅人暂住的简易客店。
患：患=（宀，房屋）+（像疼痛皱眉的病人）+（双手），表示为家中的病人按摩、抚慰。造字本义：动词，生病卧床，居家疗养，亲人忧虑。
预：預https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807572241.png（予，通过）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807513333.png（頁，头脑），表示让想象情景过脑。造字本义：动词，情况发生前在大脑里模拟、构想。
谋：謀https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525380882.png（言，商议）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023525193920.png（某，不确定），表示为不确定的问题而商议。造字本义：动词，因为对策略没把握而找人商讨。
福：福https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728798487.png（示，祭祀）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728584014.png（又，巫师的动作）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728584014.png（酉，酒坛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728584014.png（双手，奉持），表示巫师手奉美酒，祭祀祈祷。造字本义：动词，用美酒祭神，祈求富足安康。
恶：惡，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715253563.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715674128.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715521619.png（亞，位居第二的）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715320259.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104715912393.png（心，意愿），表示不如愿的。造字本义：动词，内心无法接受的，反感的。
饥：几，既是声旁也是形旁，表示小桌子。飢https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839214993.png（食，食物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839149322.png（几，小桌），表示桌上没有或很少食物。造字本义：动词，餐桌上没有食物。“饥”形容家庭缺乏食物的状况，餐桌上没有食物；“饿”形容个体胃部缺乏食物的状况，久饥而呻吟叹息。
农：造字本义：动词，石器时代的先民手持石器，伐木锄草，垦田耕作，辛勤忙碌。
寒：寒，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842993867.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842882789.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842244650.png（身，人体）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842106149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842485044.png（茻，草堆）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842106149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842620900.png（爿，床），像一个人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842244650.png睡在铺满草蓐https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842485044.png的床https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105842620900.png上，表示天气凄冷肃杀。造字本义：动词，在结冰的冷天夜晚，睡觉时用草褥保暖。白话版《说文解字》：寒，冷气冻人。
堕：甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307540553.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307870863.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307510125.png（阜，石阶，代山崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307340926.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307177275.png（头朝下的“子”），表示小孩从山崖坠落。造字本义：动词，远古山民将夭折的婴孩和死去的成人从山崖抛入深谷，即原始的抛葬式天葬。
织：織，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152872783.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152455704.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152898651.png（“戠”的省略，标识）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152870631.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105152543392.png（糸，布帛），表示布帛上的标识。造字本义：动词，用有色丝线在布帛上纺出标识。白话版《说文解字》：织，制作布帛丝品的工艺总称。
危：危，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903394337.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903487843.png（像悬崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png（像坠石），表示悬崖坠石。造字本义：形容词，人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。
翻译：不满的情绪定居在心里是因为不放弃细微如沙粒的过错，生病卧床‘亲人忧虑是因为没有在情况发生前在大脑里模拟、构想确切的应对策略。有神灵的护佑是因为一直在聚集善良的行为，神灵不予保祐是因为一直在聚集让人内心无法接受的，反感的事情。餐桌上没有食物是因为认为伐木锄草垦田耕作是没有价值的，在结冰的冷天夜晚，冷气冻人是因为抛弃了制作布帛丝品的工艺。能够安心的过日子是因为喜获劳作者，人在高崖或崖下而害怕是因为手未抓牢而丢落了代表国家出使和谈记录划定国界的和平文件。
心得：凡事预则立，不预则废。

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-2-1 18:11:33

第四周第二天（2.1）：
安礼章第六：
富在迎来，贫在弃时。上无常操，下多疑心。
轻上生罪，侮下无亲。近臣不重，远臣轻之。
查字：
迎：迎，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131396453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131102898.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/31/20200331090723559814.gif（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131230599.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111131971641.png（卬，仰视），表示上前仰视接客。造字本义：动词，仰面上前接待，以示敬重和热情。
来：造字本义：名词，麦子，从外域引进的作物。
弃：棄，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149695934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149922458.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149902858.png（子，幼婴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149304329.png（其，即“箕”，竹筐）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149848559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024149844333.png（双手），表示双手持箕，将箕筐中的幼婴送出家门。造字本义：动词，将幼婴装在箕筐里送出门外等人收养。白话版《说文解字》：弃，遗弃婴儿。
时：時，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143520089.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143764170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090352342625.gif（止，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143563386.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143363050.png（日，太阳）表示太阳运行。造字本义：名词，太阳运行的节奏，季节。四季为“时”；一天为“日”。
常：常，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728754666.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728429754.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728676909.png（尚，崇尚、流行）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728731777.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728235887.png（巾，布），表示人们崇尚的服饰。造字：①本义，名词，古代长期流行的服饰。
操：操，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433512084.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433630196.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433128859.png（手，挥动拳脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433408072.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104433691096.png（噪，集体呐喊），造字本义：动词，集体喊着口令训练或演习。
轻：輕，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607571687.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607583162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607231298.png（車，战车）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607611651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104607604620.png（巠，即“徑”，便道、小道），表示可以在小道上运转自如的小型战车。造字本义：形容词，战车负重少、运转自如。
上：造字本义：名词，与地相对的天。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。
侮：侮，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927519474.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927328558.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927403447.png（又，抓住、控制）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927342300.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927377719.png（女）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927342300.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927514443.png（人，冒犯者），表示依仗暴力对被控制的妇女进行欺辱伤害。造字本义：动词，欺辱妇女，以暴力做违背妇女意愿的事。白话版《说文解字》：侮，轻慢。
近：近，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857517940.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857595962.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857959259.png（止，即“趾”的本字，指行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857378578.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857219862.png（在“水”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857171212.png上切入两横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105857328121.png，表示渡河），表示行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径。造字本义：动词，行军的部队徒步涉水，以为捷径。
臣：“臣”是象形字，是“目”的变形。臣，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613209459.png像一只眼睛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022613742060.png向下看，表示俯首下视。造字本义：动词，俯首下视，屈服听命。白话版《说文解字》：臣，被牵拉。表示侍奉君王。字形像一个人屈服之形。所有与臣相关的字，都采用“臣”作边旁。
重：重，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729356425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729965062.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729469603.png（人，旅者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729514339.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729655394.png（束，是“東”的简写，行囊），表示旅人背负行囊旅行。造字本义：动词，肩扛背驮的沉甸甸的行囊。
翻译：能够家境宽裕并有余粮酿酒，是因为他们会仰面上前接待从外域引进的作物，以示敬重和热情；家产因众人的分割而减少在于遗弃了太阳的运行形成的四季规律。长辈（领导）没有常久的坚定的人格节操，小辈（民众）就是在十字路口内心生疑不知所往。不重视长辈（领导）就会萌生出该受罚的行为，依仗暴力对被控制的妻儿进行欺辱伤害，获刑入狱之后就没有家人探视。近身的臣民得不到重视，远距离的臣民对于上面颁布的政令就不会重视。
心得：今天体会了一下无常，常是长期流行的服饰，每天穿衣服是一件很自然的事情，那么无常就是不能把事情做得像平时穿衣服那样顺其自然。
再就是轻上侮下，刚看到老师跟同学的聊录时，第一反应就是下轻上是因为上侮下。又是一种自我为中心，后来把自己放在焦点以外去体会，这是教导我去做到不轻上不侮下，去积德。而不是为自己的不积德找理由。

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-2-2 21:02:25

第四周第三天（2.2）：
原文：自疑不信人，自信不疑人。枉士无正友，曲上无直下。危国无贤人，乱政无善人。
查字：
信：信https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207402302.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207819964.png（千，巨量）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207626179.png（言，说话），表示用千言万语保证。造字本义：动词，许诺，发誓。
枉：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733817529.png，既是声旁也是形旁，是“狂”的省略，表示疯乱、不正常。枉，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733336521.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733782091.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733765926.png（木，树）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733581363.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733376475.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021733631694.png，即“狂”，病态），表示树木颠狂，即扭曲生长。造字本义：形容词，树枝弯曲，造型夸张，病态生长。
正：正，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152985815.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152472104.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152594042.png（囗，城邑、方国）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152163034.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111152101674.png（止，行军），表示征伐不义之邑。造字本义：动词，行军征战，讨伐不义之地。
友：友，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634990534.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634172678.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634403086.png（又，抓握）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634693174.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023634403086.png（又，抓握），表示握手结交。造字本义：动词，两人结交，协力互助。
曲：造字本义：动词，揉折竹子。白话版《说文解字》：曲，像器具凹曲以承载物品的形状。有的解释说，“曲”，是养蚕薄。所有与曲相关的字，都采用“曲”作边旁。
直：造字本义：动词，正视，面对而不回避。当“直”的“正视前方”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“值”代替。附二白话版《说文解字》：直，正视。字形采用“∟、十、目”会义。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文写法的“直”。
国：“或”是“國”和“域”的本字。“国”和“囯”是“國”的异体字。囗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“郭”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527544431.png的省略，表示外围护墙上有武力守卫的城邑https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527975326.png。或，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527910274.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527616860.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527677966.png（戈，军事武力）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527601826.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111527110410.png（囗，即“郭”的省略，城邑），表示有武力护卫的城邑、疆域。
贤：“臤”是“賢”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122793432.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，掌握、管理），表示有管理才能的官吏。造字本义：名词，具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣。古人称男子善于管理组织为“贤”
翻译：自己站在十字路口不知所往，就不信他人用千言万语做的保证；自己用千言万语做了保证，就不会觉得他人在十字路口会不知所往。造型比较夸张的人就没有正义的愿意与之结交协力互助，将上级（领导、长辈）的命令烧烤到发软并用外力将其揉折出不同角度，这样就没有正视面对而不回避的下级（小辈）。陷入凶险不安的城邑和疆域中不存在有管理才能的官吏，动荡的暴力统治下没有神态安祥、言语亲和的臣民。
心得：“自疑不信人，自信不疑人”：因为自己站在十字路口的时候不知道往哪里在去，就觉得孩子也不知道该往哪里去。所以应该博学广知，培养起自己的自信，才能给孩子领上正道。“枉士无正友，曲上无直下”：自己的行为不正，就不会有正的人来与我交；还放在家里来说，自己若行为不正，就不能去指责自己的孩子。曲上无直下，就是上梁不正下梁歪。
“危国无贤人，乱政无善人”：在一个摇摇欲坠的家庭中，怎么能生长出有才能的孩子呢。
这几句话放在家庭这个组织体中，感觉讲的差不多意思，都是在说做为父母亲的人，应该用道和德去领导自己的孩子。若有德不归位的情况，那么这个家庭迟早会消失。

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-2-3 23:04:15

第四周第四天（2.3）：爱人深者求贤急，乐得贤者养人厚。国将霸者士皆归，邦将亡者贤先避。
查字：
急：及，既是声旁也是形旁，表示追赶、捉拿人犯。急，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831552103.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831388609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831796489.png（及，抓人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831577522.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831467782.png（心，情绪），表示被人追逼的感觉。造字本义：形容词，内心感到被追逼，感到紧张焦虑。
养：羊，既是声旁也是形旁，表示羊群。養，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609570611.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609529412.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609377182.png（羊，头上长角、温顺吉祥的食草动物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609911145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021609310849.png（攴，手持鞭子），表示在山地驱赶羊群。造字本义：动词，放牧羊群。
厚：厚，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032518910029.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905977682.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032420599330.gif（厂，岩石、山陵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015905427494.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/16/20201116032528653842.gif（是的倒写“享”，即倒写的享堂，借代阴间的祭殿、墓室），表示辟山为穴，凿陵为墓，建造地下的享堂；造字本义：名词，在巨大山陵岩体里开凿的帝王陵寝，即“陵墓”，也叫“地宫”；陵墓内设计模仿帝王生前的宫殿和阳间世界，有大量大型成套的陪葬品，此即古代所谓的“厚葬”。
将：“将”与“酱”同源，后分化。爿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示卧床。将，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950193880.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950675554.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950939467.png（爿，卧床）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950681926.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023950825570.png（两个“又”，两只手），表示双手忙碌，照顾卧床的老弱病伤者。造字本义：动词，用酒肉美食侍候卧床的老弱病伤者。
霸：霸，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726703525.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726751094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726336232.png（字形与“束”相似，表示束缚、制约）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726558622.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726543440.png（月，月光），表示月亮被云层束缚。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726462944.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726751094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726650525.png（雨，“雲”的省略）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726558622.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726292048.png（束，控制、束缚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726558622.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014726352818.png（月，月光），强调云层遮挡月光。造字本义：动词，云层密布整个夜空，完全遮挡月光。
皆：“皆”是“谐”的本字。皆，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200756124.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200782230.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200707001.png（比，两人一起）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200193332.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023200282889.png（曰，言说）。造字本义：动词，异口同声。
归：歸，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927276753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927752296.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927194280.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927908947.png，兵符，代表中央朝廷授权的军政权力）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927898474.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104927307061.png（方，方国、边境势力），表示边境方国依附中央，获得中央的军政授权。造字本义：动词，边境方国顺服中央朝廷，获得军政授权。
邦：丰，既是声旁也是形旁，是“封”的本字，表示封地而建。邦，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814755086.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814351753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814711790.png（丰，即“封”，封建）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814459135.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814319809.png（田，即“界”，指边境），表示封建地界。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814187030.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814351753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814202921.png（丰，封建）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814459135.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814398632.png（邑，城邑），表示拥兵自重、有明确领地归属的封建城邑。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105814764373.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，在封地四周种上了草木以示领地界线的诸侯国。
先：先，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128355094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128263065.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128596674.png（之，即“趾”，借代腿脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128370204.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128427827.png（人，是“千”的省略，亦即“迁”的省略，移动），表示抢在他人之前到达。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128918239.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128293248.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，抢在他人之前到达。
避：辟，既是声旁也是形旁，表示杀头。避，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817182609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817483628.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817865376.png（彳，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817269565.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817835770.png（辟，杀头），表示为躲死难而逃亡。造字本义：动词，为躲刑戳或战乱而逃离是非之地。
翻译：用心疼惜这种强烈的情感来呵护劳作者的人，想要获得具备出众的管理、执行才能的大臣的愿望就比较急迫、焦虑。很开心像见到宝贝一样获得了具备出众管理执行才能的大臣，就会很重视的养护着。武力守卫的一方独立疆域的军队最高统帅像云层密布整个夜空，善于办事的人异口同声的顺服中央朝廷。拥兵自重、有明确领地归属的封建城邑的军队最高统帅逃跑了，善于办事的人会抢在他人之前逃离是非之地。
心得：

吕丽芳 发表于 2021-2-4 17:51:46

本帖最后由吕丽芳于 2021-2-4 23:44 编辑

第四周第五天（2.4）：
地薄者大物不产，水浅者大鱼不游，树秃者大禽不栖，林疏者大兽不居。山峭者崩，泽满者溢。弃玉取石者盲，羊质虎皮者柔。
地：地，金文字形与“坠”同源。地，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205214192.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205470965.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205446682.png（阜，用于抛葬的山崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205293571.png（倒写的“人”，被抛葬的死者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205416628.png（被捆绑的“人”，表示包裹尸体）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205565841.png（又，抓持，抛掷）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205574655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020205426495.png（土，深坑），表示远古时代用于抛葬的深谷深坑。客家方言至今仍称“墓”为“地”，称“扫墓”为“告地”。造字本义：名词，从抛葬到土葬过渡的远古时代的简单墓穴。
产：産，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144742225.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144597388.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144437578.png（“彦”的省略，即“谚”，古谚，表示狩猎、农耕经验）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144350258.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021144855621.png（生，草木萌发），表示依据农谚耕作庄稼。造字本义：动词，古人利用农谚耕种作物。
浅：戔，既是声旁也是形旁，戈戟利器，比喻河心嶙嶙耸立的礁石。淺，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535255127.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535461683.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535710852.png（水，河水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535213432.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535896112.png（戔，如戈的嶙嶙礁石），表示水位低而露出大量尖利礁石。造字本义：形容词，水位低，河心礁石嶙嶙耸立。
鱼：造字本义：名词，有鳍、鳃和流线体型的冷血水生脊椎动物。
游：造字本义：动词，古代学子以族旗为护照，举旗越境参观巡学。
树：“尌”是“樹”的本字。尌，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832507191.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832680355.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832946004.png（木，小树）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832692437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832943772.png（豆，盛器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832692437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023832388063.png（又，抓、手持），表示手持木苗栽种在盆子里。造字本义：动词，盆栽木本或草本植物的小苗。
秃：兀，既是声旁也是形旁，表示头上无发、光头。秃，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127764520.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127587897.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127361284.png（禾，庄稼）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127697724.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024127111397.png（“兀”的变形，光头），表示庄稼不结穗。造字本义：形容词，庄稼茎稍光裸不结穗。
禽：造字本义：动词，一边口中吟诵鸟鸣声吸引鸟雀，一边手持网罩捕鸟。
栖：造字本义：动词，远古人避险巢居在树上。
林：造字本义：名词，成片丛生的树木。
疏：造字本义：动词，引导人员从一个固定地点向其他地方流动，以减小现有人口密度，减轻天灾或人祸的毁灭性破坏。白话版《说文解字》：疏，开通。兽：獸，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043192983.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043657967.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043908840.png（弹，石弹）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043352660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043133973.png（犬，猎狗），表示用石弹、猎犬捕猎。造字本义：动词，带着猎犬，以石弹干器为武器，埋伏狩猎。峭：陗，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152636048.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152357929.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152966257.png（阜，山地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152986603.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152791545.png（肖，即“削”，刀砍、刀削），表示山陡如削。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152631219.png用“山”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152797030.png代替篆文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020152966257.png，强调山岩陡直。造字本义：形容词，山岩壁立如削，陡直惊心。
崩：崩，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039754972.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039353453.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039578518.png（阜，高山）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039433080.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039136746.png（朋，并连），表示山体连锁。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039654814.png以“山”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039480245.png代替“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020039578518.png。造字本义：动词，山体连锁塌滑。
泽：澤，古鈢https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646964799.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646831167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646326815.png（水，河川）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646880053.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020646715007.png（睪，选择），表示择地截流。造字本义：动词，择地截流，蓄水灌溉。
质：造字本义：动词，武力劫持绑架人员作抵押，以求赎金。白话版《说文解字》：质，用物品抵押。
虎：造字本义：名词，会袭击人类的山中兽王。
柔：柔，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740835018.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740182401.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740830803.png（矛，带锋头的木枪）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740285388.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021740714489.png（木，枪杆），表示矛枪的木柄。造字本义：名词，富有弹性、适宜作矛枪长柄的木材。
翻译：牛这样的大物不会生在草丛漫延生长的墓地；大鱼不会在水位低、河心礁石嶙嶙耸立的位置巡游；体积庞大的禽类不会栖息在茎稍光裸无枝的草本植物小树苗上面；大的野兽不会居住在密度比较小的小树林里。若山岩壁立如削、陡直惊心，就比较容易导致山体连锁塌滑。常年积水的沼泽地过度饱和就会外溢。放弃美玉而选择山石就如失去视力的瞎子一般，羊想要以武力劫持绑架山中兽王皮以求赎金，这是柔弱的表现。
心得：“地薄者大物不产，水浅者大鱼不游，树秃者大禽不栖，林疏者大兽不居。”德厚者才能有人缘。“山峭者崩，泽满者溢。”知足常乐。

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